Nano Scale Material Property Measurement of MEMS Material Using Piezo Actuated Material Testing Machine

2006 ◽  
Vol 510-511 ◽  
pp. 734-737
Author(s):  
Hye Jin Lee ◽  
Nak Kyu Lee ◽  
Hyoung Wook Lee ◽  
Hoon Jae Park ◽  
Tae Hoon Choi
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Piezo Actuator ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Nano Scale ◽  
Feedback Control Method ◽  
Material Testing Machine

Many micro technology researches have been concentrated in the field of materials and a process field. But the properties of micro materials should be understood to give still more advanced results. Among the various material properties, mechanical material properties such as tensile strength, elastic modulus, etc., is the basic property. To measure mechanical properties in micro or nano scale, actuating must be very precise. Piezo is a famous actuator, frequently used to measure very precise mechanical properties in micro research field. But piezo has a nonlinearity called hysteresis. Not precision result is caused because of this hysteresis property in piezo actuator. Therefore feedback control method is used in many researches to prevent this hysteresis of piezo actuator. Feedback control method produces a good result in processing view, but causes a loss in a resolution view. In this paper, hysteresis is compensated by using an open loop control method. To apply the open loop control method to piezo actuated nano scale material testing machine, hysteresis property is modeled in a mathematical function, and a compensated control input is constructed using inverse function of original data. The reliability of this control method can be confirmed by testing nickel, aluminum, and copper micro thin foil that is used in MEMS material broadly. If these MEMS material properties are used in a MEMS research field, more economical and high performance MEMS materials can be obtained.

Design and control of 2-DoF joystick using MR-fluid rotary actuator

2021 ◽  
pp. 1045389X2110639
Author(s):  
Bao Tri Diep ◽  
Quoc Hung Nguyen ◽  
Thanh Danh Le
Keyword(s):  
Pid Controller ◽  
Force Feedback ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Friction Torque ◽  
Feedback Controls ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Algorithm ◽  
Experimental Apparatus ◽  
Close Loop Control

The purpose of this paper is to design a control algorithm for a 2-DoF rotary joystick model. Firstly, the structure of the joystick, which composes of two magneto-rheological fluid actuators (shorten MRFA) with optimal configuration coupled perpendicularly by the gimbal mechanism to generate the friction torque for each independent rotary movement, is introduced. The control strategy of the designed joystick is then suggested. Really, because of two independent rotary movements, it is necessary to design two corresponding controllers. Due to hysteresis and nonlinear dynamic characteristics of the MRFA, controllers based an accurate dynamic model are difficult to realize. Hence, to release this issue, the proposed controller (named self-turning fuzzy controllers-STFC) will be built through the fuzzy logic algorithm in which the parameters of controllers are learned and trained online by Levenberg-Marquardt training algorithm. Finally, an experimental apparatus will be constructed to assess the effectiveness of the force feedback controls. Herein, three experimental cases are performed to compare the control performance of open-loop and close-loop control method, where the former is done through relationship between the force at the knob and the current supplied to coil while the latter is realized based on the proposed controller and PID controller. The experimental results provide strongly the ability of the proposed controller, meaning that the STFC is robust and tracks well the desirable force with high accuracy compared with both the PID controller and the open-loop control method.

DUTY-CYCLED SPINNING BASED 3D MOTION CONTROL APPROACH FOR BEVEL-TIPPED FLEXIBLE NEEDLE INSERTION

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (07) ◽  
pp. 1840017 ◽  
Author(s):  
QIN YAO ◽  
XUMING ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Motion Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Tracking Error ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
3D Motion ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Target Error ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Simulation Results

Flexible needle has been widely used in the therapy delivery because it can advance along the curved lines to avoid the obstacles like important organs and bones. However, most control algorithms for the flexible needle are still limited to address its motion along a set of arcs in the two-dimensional (2D) plane. To resolve this problem, this paper has proposed an improved duty-cycled spinning based three-dimensional (3D) motion control approach to ensure that the beveled-tip flexible needle can track a desired trajectory to reach the target within the tissue. Compared with the existing open-loop duty-cycled spinning method which is limited to tracking 2D trajectory comprised of few arcs, the proposed closed-loop control method can be used for tracking any 3D trajectory comprised of numerous arcs. Distinctively, the proposed method is independent of the tissue parameters and robust to such disturbances as tissue deformation. In the trajectory tracking simulation, the designed controller is tested on the helical trajectory, the trajectory generated by rapidly-exploring random tree (RRT) algorithm and the helical trajectory. The simulation results show that the mean tracking error and the target error are less than 0.02[Formula: see text]mm for the former two kinds of trajectories. In the case of tracking the helical trajectory, the mean tracking error target error is less than 0.5[Formula: see text]mm and 1.5[Formula: see text]mm, respectively. The simulation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.

scholarly journals Optimal Scheduling of Energy Storage Using A New Priority-Based Smart Grid Control Method

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Galván ◽  
Juan Navarro ◽  
Eduardo Galván ◽  
Juan Carrasco ◽  
Andrés Alcántara
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Photovoltaic Generation ◽  
Decision Algorithm ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Power Peak ◽  
Storage Behavior

This paper presents a method to optimally use an energy storage system (such as a battery) on a microgrid with load and photovoltaic generation. The purpose of the method is to employ the photovoltaic generation and energy storage systems to reduce the main grid bill, which includes an energy cost and a power peak cost. The method predicts the loads and generation power of each day, and then searches for an optimal storage behavior plan for the energy storage system according to these predictions. However, this plan is not followed in an open-loop control structure as in previous publications, but provided to a real-time decision algorithm, which also considers real power measures. This algorithm considers a series of device priorities in addition to the storage plan, which makes it robust enough to comply with unpredicted situations. The whole proposed method is implemented on a real-hardware test bench, with its different steps being distributed between a personal computer and a programmable logic controller according to their time scale. When compared to a different state-of-the-art method, the proposed method is concluded to better adjust the energy storage system usage to the photovoltaic generation and general consumption.

ADAPTIVE OPEN-PLUS-CLOSED-LOOP CONTROL METHOD OF MODIFIED FUNCTION PROJECTIVE SYNCHRONIZATION IN COMPLEX NETWORKS

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1393-1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
HONGYUE DU
Keyword(s):  
Closed Loop ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Projective Synchronization ◽  
Closed Loop Control ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Function Projective Synchronization ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Modified Function Projective Synchronization ◽  
Loop Feedback

This paper investigates the modified function projective synchronization (MFPS) in drive-response dynamical networks (DRDNs) with different nodes, which means that systems in nodes are strictly different. An adaptive open-plus-closed-loop (AOPCL) control method is proposed, which is a practically realizable method and can overcome the model mismatched to achieve synchronization. It is well known that each of the close-loop and open-loop control method possesses some advantages and disadvantages. By combining their advantages, the open-plus-closed-loop (OPCL) control method was proposed by Jackson and Grosu. For arbitrary nonlinear dynamic systems, dx/dt = F(x,t), Jackson and Grosu proved that there exists solutions, x(t), in the neighborhood of any arbitrary goal dynamics g(t) that are entrained to g(t), through the use of an additive controlling action, K(g,x,t) = H(dg/dt,g) + C(g,t)(g(t) - x), which is the sum of the open-loop action, H(dg/dt,g), and a suitable linear closed-loop (feedback) action C(g,t). This method is a practically realizable method and robust to limited accuracy of data and effects of noise. The AOPCL control method preserve the merits of OPCL control method and its closed loop control part can be automatically adapted to suitable constants. Considering time-delays are always unavoidably in the practical situations, MFPS in DRDNs with time-varying coupling delayed is further investigated by the proposed method. Corresponding numerical simulations are performed to verify and illustrate the analytical results.

A Method for the Improvement of Impact Printer Performance

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 528-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Tung ◽  
S. W. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Control Method ◽  
Piecewise Linear ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Print Quality ◽  
Restoring Force ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Initial Activation ◽  
Energy Type

The stored energy type of impact printer is a commonly used computer output device. It can be operated at quite high frequencies due to the fact that it has a large initial activation force. However, limitations on printer speed exist; these are thought to be due primarily to uncertainties in the position and velocity of the armature during settle-out between excitation pulses. This results in variations in flight times and in print forces. In this paper we consider an open-loop control strategy which modifies the driving pulse in such a manner that it aids the restoring force of the print hammer and armature during the settle-out phase of the motion. Simulation studies of our simplified piecewise linear model (Tung and Shaw, 1988) and Hendriks’ (1983) model indicate that the operating speed of impact printers can be significantly increased using this method. Printer performance criteria are also established in the paper. These are based on the requirement that acceptable print quality be achieved for arbitrary combinations of driving pulses which have some minimum time lapse between pulses. We use these criteria to demonstrate the limitations on printer speed and to indicate how the control method is able to increase printer speed. Such criteria are quite general and may be used for more complicated models and controllers.

scholarly journals Dynamic Analysis and Control of the Clutch Filling Process in Clutch-to-Clutch Transmissions

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Guo ◽  
Yanfang Liu ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Xiangyang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Control Method ◽  
Adaptive Method ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Control Parameters ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Shift Quality ◽  
Control Precision ◽  
Torque Capacity ◽  
Vehicle Test ◽  
Fuzzy Adaptive

Clutch fill control in clutch-to-clutch transmissions influences shift quality considerably. An oncoming clutch should be applied synchronously with the release of an offgoing clutch to shift gear smoothly; therefore, the gap between the piston and clutch plates should be eliminated when the torque capacity is near zero at the end of the clutch fill phase. Open-loop control is typically implemented for the clutch fill because of the cost of pressure sensor. Low control precision causes underfill or overfill to occur, deteriorating shift quality. In this paper, a mathematical model of an electrohydraulic clutch shift control system is presented. Special dynamic characteristic parameters for optimal clutch fill control are subsequently proposed. An automatic method for predicting initial fill control parameters is proposed to eliminate distinct discrepancies among transmissions caused by manufacturing or assembling errors. To prevent underfill and overfill, a fuzzy adaptive control method is proposed, in which clutch fill control parameters are adjusted self-adaptively and continually. Road vehicle test results proved that applying the fuzzy adaptive method ensures the consistency of shift quality even after the transmission’s status is changed.

Positioning of Pneumatic Actuator Using Open-Loop System

2015 ◽  
Vol 816 ◽  
pp. 160-164
Author(s):  
Ivan Virgala ◽  
Michal Kelemen ◽  
Erik Prada ◽  
Tomáš Lipták
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Pneumatic Actuator ◽  
Open Loop Control ◽  
Open Loop System ◽  
Precise Positioning ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Experimental Stand ◽  
Loop Control System

In the paper, we experimentally analyze a pneumatic actuator and possibilities of piston positioning. Paper shows mathematical model of pneumatic actuator. Actuator is experimentally tested and therefor experimental stand is assembled for the purposes of positioning of actuator piston. The changing parameters during the experiment are weight of load and pneumatic pressure. The results show how these parameters can have influence on precise positioning of pneumatic actuator. For experiment there is purposely used open loop control system. The aim of the study is not to show control method for positioning but to show influence of mentioned parameters.

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