Effect of Ethylene Sulphite on the Conductivity and Morphology of PEO-KOH Films

The plasticized PEO-KOH films have been investigated using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The conductivity of films increased by about 2 orders of magnitude from 10-5 to 10-3 S cm-1 at r.t. on addition of 0.5 wt.% of ethylene sulphite (ES). The degree of crystallinity was calculated from the XRD patterns. SEM micrographs show that the plasticized films were porous. The highest conductivity of plasticized films at r.t. was (1.3 ± 0.2) x 10-3 S cm-1 for the film with 0.5 wt.% of ES content. The number density of mobile ions was shown to increase indicating that ES has dissociated more salts into ions and thereby increasing the conductivity.

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Characterization of Serpentines from Different Regions by Transmission Electron Microscopy, X-ray Diffraction, BET Specific Surface Area and Vibrational and Electronic Spectroscopy

Fibers ◽

10.3390/fib7050047 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 47 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Miguel A. Rivero Crespo ◽

Dolores Pereira Gómez ◽

María V. Villa García ◽

José M. Gallardo Amores ◽

Vicente Sánchez Escribano

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Relative Intensity ◽

Electronic Spectroscopy ◽

Visible Region ◽

Band Gap Energy ◽

Degree Of Crystallinity ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Oh Groups ◽

X Ray ◽

Xrd Patterns

Serpentinite powdered samples from four different regions were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), SBET and porosity measurements, UV-Vis and Infrared Spectroscopy of the skeletal region and surface OH groups. SEM micrographs of the samples showed a prismatic morphology when the lizardite was the predominant phase, while if antigorite phase prevailed, the particles had a globular morphology. The few fibrous-shaped particles, only observed by SEM and weakly detected by XRD on MO-9C and MO13 samples, were characteristic of the chrysotile phase. All diffraction XRD patterns showed characteristic peaks of antigorite and lizardite serpentine phases, with crystallite sizes in the range 310–250 Å and with different degrees and types of carbonation processes, one derived from the transformation of the serpentine, generating dolomite, and another by direct precipitation of calcite. The SBET reached values between 38–24 m2∙g−1 for the samples less crystalline, in agreement with the XRD patterns, while those with a higher degree of crystallinity gave values close to 8–9 m2∙g−1. In the UV region all electronic spectra were dominated by the absorption edge due to O2− → Si4+ charge transfer transition, with Si4+ in tetrahedral coordination, corresponding to a band gap energy of ca 4.7 eV. In the visible region, 800–350 nm, the spectra of all samples, except Donai, presented at least two weak and broad absorptions centred in the range 650–800 and 550–360 nm, associated with the presence of Fe3+ ions from the oxidation of structural Fe2+ ions in the serpentinites ((MgxFe2+1−x)3Si2O5(OH)4). The relative intensity of the IR bands corresponding to the stretching modes of the OH’s groups indicated the prevalence of one of the two phases, antigorite or lizardite, in the serpentinites. We proposed that the different relative intensity of these bands could be considered as diagnostic to differentiate the predominance of these phases in serpentinites.

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Structural and morphological features of MgO powders. The key role of the preparative starting compound

Journal of Materials Research ◽

10.1557/jmr.1998.0310 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 2218-2223 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

S. Ardizzone ◽

C. L. Bianchi ◽

B. Vercelli

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Specific Surface ◽

Surface Area ◽

Degree Of Crystallinity ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Starting Compound ◽

Scanning Electron

The present paper reports data concerning magnesia samples obtained by calcination of different precursor salts at different increasing temperatures (873–1253 K). The oxides are characterized by x- ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and N2 adsorption at subcritical temperatures. The samples appear to be composed, at any temperature, of pure periclase with a degree of crystallinity which increases with the temperature of calcination. Morphologically, the products have the shape either of lamellas or of cubes of variable dimensions, depending on the nature and route of preparation of the precursor salts. The variation of the specific surface area and the degree of porosity with the nature of the precursors and the temperature is discussed.

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One pot and large-scale synthesis of nanostructured metal sulfides: Synergistic effect on supercapacitor performance

Energy & Environment ◽

10.1177/0958305x19899373 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 31 (8) ◽

pp. 1367-1384 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

C Karthikeyan ◽

R Dhilip Kumar ◽

J Anandha Raj ◽

S Karuppuchamy

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Synergistic Effect ◽

Large Scale ◽

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Metal Sulfides ◽

Cubic Phase ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Scanning Electron

Metal sulfides received key interest as an electrode material for storage and conversion of energy. Here, the novel nanostructured N17S18 and (CoNi)3S4 materials were synthesized via one-step hydrothermal method, and the synergistic effect of metal ions and electrochemical properties was investigated. A new and simple solution growth technique was employed in this work. The prepared nanopowders were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy techniques. The X-ray diffraction analysis of the prepared nanopowder revealed the formation of cubic phase cobalt nickel sulfides (CoNi)3S4 and hexagonal phase nickel sulfides (Ni17S18). Scanning electron microscopy analysis display fibrous, flakes and sheet-like morphology for CoxSx, N17S18 and (CoNi)3S4, respectively. Fibrous and sheet-like morphology exhibits higher electrochemical performance in supercapacitors. The electrochemical behavior of the amorphous CoxSx, crystallite Ni17S18 and (CoNi)3S4 modified electrodes was investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge–discharge techniques. The specific capacitance of 57 F/g and 31 F/g were obtained for the amorphous CoxSx and crystalline (CoNi)3S4 powder, respectively. Amorphous CoxSx modified electrode retains 76% of initial capacitance after 1000 repeated cycling process. These results of this study suggest that the CoxSx and crystalline (CoNi)3S4 are appropriate materials for supercapacitor applications.

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Initial formation mechanisms of (Ga1−xMnx)N nanorods grown on Al2O3 (0001) substrates

Journal of Materials Research ◽

10.1557/jmr.2008.0408 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 23 (12) ◽

pp. 3275-3280 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K.H. Lee ◽

J.Y. Lee ◽

H.C. Jeon ◽

T.W. Kang ◽

H.Y. Kwon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Molecular Beam ◽

Formation Mechanisms ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Initial Formation ◽

X Ray ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

High Resolution Tem ◽

Xrd Patterns ◽

Scanning Electron

The (Ga1−xMnx)N nanorods were grown on Al2O3 (0001) substrates by using rf-associated molecular beam epitaxy. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and selected-area diffraction pattern (SADP) results showed that the (Ga1−xMnx)N nanorods had (0001) preferential orientations. XRD patterns showed that the (Ga1−xMnx)N nanorods contained a small number of grains with different preferred orientations. High-resolution TEM (HRTEM) images showed that the (Ga1−xMnx)N nanorods consisted of different preferentially oriented grains. The initial formation mechanisms for the (Ga1−xMnx)N nanorods grown on Al2O3 (0001) substrates are described on the basis of the XRD, the TEM, the SADP, and the HRTEM results.

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Investigation on the Particle Growth of Rutile TiO2 Suppressed by Manganese

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201822101005 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 221 ◽

pp. 01005

Author(s):

Aripin ◽

Edvin Priatna ◽

Nundang Busaeri ◽

Rudi Priyadi ◽

I Nyoman Sudiana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Experimental Data ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Particle Growth ◽

Crystallite Growth ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Rutile Tio2 ◽

X Ray ◽

Xrd Patterns ◽

Scanning Electron

In this paper, we present the results of an investigation on the crystallite growth of rutile TiO2 and the formation of Mn–O–Ti bonds in a TiO2/manganese composition. The effects of manganese loading from 20 wt% to 80 wt%, into TiO2 at a temperature of 1200°C on the structural properties, have been studied. The material’sproperties have been characterized on the basis of the experimental data obtained using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). It has been found that an increase of the loading by manganese up to 80 wt% leads to a decrease of the rutile crystallites size and an increase of the amount of Mn–O–Ti bonds. The analysis based on the interpretation of both XRD patterns and FTIR spectrum allows one to explain the reduction of the crystallite size of rutile TiO2 by an increase of the manganese loading.

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Investigation of Thermal Behavior of Layered Double Hydroxides Intercalated with Carboxymethylcellulose Aiming Bio-Carbon Based Nanocomposites

ChemEngineering ◽

10.3390/chemengineering3020055 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 55

Author(s):

Vagner R. Magri ◽

Alfredo Duarte ◽

Gustavo F. Perotti ◽

Vera R.L. Constantino

Keyword(s):

Layered Double Hydroxides ◽

Mixed Oxides ◽

Degree Of Crystallinity ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

X Ray ◽

Vibrational Spectroscopies ◽

Xrd Patterns ◽

Double Hydroxides ◽

The Degree Of Crystallinity

Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), a polymer derived from biomass, was intercalated into layered double hydroxides (LDH) composed by M2+/Al3+ (M2Al-CMC, M = Mg or Zn) and evaluated as precursors for the preparation of biocarbon-based nanocomposites by pyrolysis. M2Al-CMC hybrids were obtained by coprecipitation and characterized by X ray diffraction (XRD), vibrational spectroscopies, chemical analysis, and thermal analysis coupled to mass spectrometry. Following, pyrolyzed materials obtained between 500–1000 °C were characterized by XRD, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Above 600 °C, Raman spectra of all samples showed the presence of graphitic carbon, which plays a role in the degree of crystallinity of produced inorganic phases (for comparison purposes, M2Al-CO3 materials were investigated after calcination in the same experimental conditions). XRD patterns of Mg2Al-CMC pyrolyzed between 600–1000 °C showed poorly crystallized MgO and absence of spinel reflections, whereas for Zn2Al-CMC, it was observed well crystallized nanometric ZnO at 800 °C, and ZnAl2O4 and γ-Al2O3 phases at 1000 °C. Above 800 °C, the carbothermic reaction was noticed, transforming ZnO to zinc vapour. This study opens perspectives for nanocomposites preparation based on carbon and inorganic (mixed) oxides through precursors having organic-inorganic interactions at the nanoscale domain.

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Innovative Technique for the Preparation of Porous Bilayer Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan Scaffolds for Osteochondral Applications

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.309-311.927 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 309-311 ◽

pp. 927-930 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

J. Miguel Oliveira ◽

S.S. Silva ◽

João F. Mano ◽

Rui L. Reis

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Mechanical Properties ◽

Freeze Drying ◽

Osteochondral Defects ◽

Compression Tests ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Chitosan Scaffolds ◽

Xrd Patterns ◽

Scanning Electron

In this study, it is shown that it is possible to develop 3D-porous bilayer hydroxyapatite/chitosan scaffolds by means of combining a sintering and a freeze-drying technique. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDS) studies revealed that the scaffolds possess a well-defined orientation and anisotropic porosity, with pore size ranging between 50-350 µm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns evidenced the formation of crystalline hydroxyapatite. Moreover, the compression tests revealed that these scaffolds have adequate mechanical properties for being used in tissue engineering of osteochondral defects.

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Synthesis of High-Purity SnO2Nanobelts by Using Exothermic Reaction

Journal of Nanomaterials ◽

10.1155/2011/526094 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Guodong Zhang ◽

Nian Liu ◽

Zhengyuan Ren ◽

Bing Yang

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽

High Purity ◽

Degree Of Crystallinity ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Rutile Structure ◽

X Ray ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Scanning Electron

This paper presents a new method to synthesize high-purity single-crystalline SnO2nanobelts with rutile structure. The purity, morphology, crystal structure, and sizes of the as-grown SnO2nanobelts are characterized by X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Raman-scattering spectroscopy. The scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy reveal tetragonal SnO2nanobelts of 50–120 nm in width, 20–50 nm in thickness, and 2–10 μm in length. The three observed Raman peaks at 475, 633, and 774 cm−1indicate the typical rutile structure of the SnO2, which is in agreement with the X-ray diffraction results, and other peaks of impurity are not found. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy demonstrates that the nanobelts have a high degree of crystallinity, without typical imperfects in it. And the growth mechanism of the SnO2nanobelts is discussed.

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Microwave-assisted synthesis, characterization and photoluminescence of shuttle-like BaMoO4 microstructure

Materials Science-Poland ◽

10.1515/msp-2015-0093 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 537-540 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Anukorn Phuruangrat ◽

Budsabong Kuntalue ◽

Titipun Thongtem ◽

Somchai Thongtem

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Microwave Assisted Synthesis ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Xrd Patterns ◽

Scanning Electron ◽

Ft Ir Spectroscopy

Abstract Shuttle-like BaMoO4 microstructure has been successfully synthesized from Ba(N03)2·4H20 and Na2MoO4·2H2O as starting materials in ethylene glycol solvent containing 20 mL 5 M NaOH by microwave radiation at 180 W for 30 min. The as- synthesized BaMoO4 product was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Raman spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. XRD patterns revealed that the products was tetragonal BaMoO4 phase. SEM and TEM characterization showed that the product had a shuttle-like BaMoO4 microstructure. PL of the shuttle-like BaMoO4 microstructure showed a maximum emission at 466 nm excited by 280 nm wavelength.

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Hydrothermal Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of LiFePO4/Graphene Composites for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.900.242 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 900 ◽

pp. 242-246 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xing Ling Lei ◽

Hai Yan Zhang ◽

Yi Ming Chen ◽

Wen Guang Wang ◽

Zi Dong Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Lithium Ion Batteries ◽

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Galvanostatic Charge ◽

X Ray ◽

Charge Discharge ◽

Scanning Electron ◽

Discharge Test

LiFePO4/graphene composites were prepared via a simple hydrothermal method. The as-prepared LiFePO4/graphene composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), galvanostatic charge-discharge test, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) tests. The lithium-ion batteries using LiFePO4/graphene composites as cathode material exhibited a discharge capacity of 165 mAh/g, which was 97% of the theoretical capacity of 170 mAh/g.

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