scholarly journals Comparison of various orgainc acids for xylo-oligosaccharide productions in term of pKa values and combined severity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rou Cao ◽  
Xinlu Liu ◽  
Jianming Guo ◽  
Yong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pka Values ◽  
Xylonic Acid

Abstract Background: Methods to produce XOS have been intensively investigated, including enzymatic hydrolysis, steam explosion, and acid hydrolysis. Acid hydrolysis is currently the most widely used method to produce XOS due to its advantages of fewer processing steps, stronger raw material adaptability, higher yield, and better reproducibility. Especially, organic acids such as acetic acid, formic acid and xylonic acid work better as compared with mineral acids. However, the catalytic mechanism of different organic acids has been little studied. In this paper, four different organic acids, including formic acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, and acetic acid were selected to compare their hydrolytic effects.Results: Using pKa values as the benchmark, the yield of xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS) increased with the increasing value of pKa. The yield of XOS was 37% when hydrolyzed by 5% acetic acid (pKa=4.75) at 170℃ for 20 min. Combined severity (CS), a parameter associated with temperature and reaction time was proposed, was proposed to evaluate the hydrolysis effect. The results of CS were consistent with that of pKa values on both the yield of XOS and the inhibitor.Conclusion: The results based on pKa values and combined severity, a parameter associated with temperature and reaction time, concluded that acetic acid is a preferred catalyst. Combining the techno-economic analysis and environmental benefits, acetic acid hydrolysis process has lower factory production costs, and it is also an important metabolite and a carbon source for wastewater anaerobic biological treatment. In conclusion, production of xylo-oligosaccharides by acetic acid is an inexpensive, environment-friendly, and sustainable processing technique.

scholarly journals Comparison of various organic acids for xylo-oligosaccharide productions in terms of pKa values and combined severity

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rou Cao ◽  
Xinlu Liu ◽  
Jianming Guo ◽  
Yong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pka Values ◽  
Xylonic Acid

Abstract Background Methods to produce XOS have been intensively investigated, including enzymatic hydrolysis, steam explosion, and acid hydrolysis. Acid hydrolysis is currently the most widely used method to produce XOS due to its advantages of fewer processing steps, stronger raw material adaptability, higher yield, and better reproducibility. Especially, organic acids such as acetic acid, formic acid and xylonic acid work better as compared with mineral acids. However, the catalytic mechanism of different organic acids has been little studied. In this paper, four different organic acids, including formic acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, and acetic acid were selected to compare their hydrolytic effects. Results Using pKa values as the benchmark, the yield of xylo-oligosaccharide (XOS) increased with the increasing value of pKa. The yield of XOS was 37% when hydrolyzed by 5% acetic acid (pKa = 4.75) at 170 ℃ for 20 min. Combined severity (CS), a parameter associated with temperature and reaction time was proposed, was proposed to evaluate the hydrolysis effect. The results of CS were consistent with that of pKa values on both the yield of XOS and the inhibitor. Conclusion The results based on pKa values and combined severity, a parameter associated with temperature and reaction time, concluded that acetic acid is a preferred catalyst. Combining the techno-economic analysis and environmental benefits, acetic acid hydrolysis process has lower factory production costs, and it is also an important metabolite and a carbon source for wastewater anaerobic biological treatment. In conclusion, production of xylo-oligosaccharides by acetic acid is an inexpensive, environment-friendly, and sustainable processing technique.

scholarly journals Comparison of Various Orgainc Acids for xylo-oligosaccharide Productions in Term of pKa Values and Combined Severity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rou Cao ◽  
Xinlu Liu ◽  
Jianming Guo ◽  
Yong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pka Values ◽  
Xylonic Acid

Abstract Background: Methods to produce XOS have been intensively investigated, including enzymatic hydrolysis, steam explosion, and acid hydrolysis. Acid hydrolysis is currently the most widely used method to produce XOS due to its advantages of fewer processing steps, stronger raw material adaptability, higher yield, and better reproducibility. Especially, organic acids such as acetic acid, formic acid and xylonic acid work better as compared with mineral acids. However, the catalytic mechanism of different organic acids has been little studied. In this paper, four different organic acids, including formic acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, and acetic acid were selected to compare their hydrolytic effects.Results: Using pKa values as the benchmark, the yield of XOS increased with the increasing value of pKa. The yield of XOS was 37% when hydrolyzed by 5% acetic acid (pKa=4.75) at 170℃ for 20 min. Combined severity (CS), a parameter associated with temperature and reaction time was proposed, was proposed to evaluate the hydrolysis effect. The results of CS were consistent with that of pKa values on both the yield of XOS and the inhibitor.Conclusion: The results based on pKa values and combined severity, a parameter associated with temperature and reaction time, concluded that acetic acid is a preferred catalyst. Combining the techno-economic analysis and environmental benefits, acetic acid hydrolysis process has lower factory production costs, and it is also an important metabolite and a carbon source for wastewater anaerobic biological treatment. In conclusion, production of xylo-oligosaccharides by acetic acid is an inexpensive, environment-friendly, and sustainable processing technique.

scholarly journals Valorization of secondary feedstocks from the agroindustry by selective catalytic oxidation to formic and acetic acid using the OxFA process

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Ponce ◽  
Stefanie Wesinger ◽  
Daniela Ona ◽  
Daniela Almeida Streitwieser ◽  
Jakob Albert
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Gaseous Oxygen ◽  
Water As Solvent ◽  
Selective Catalytic Oxidation ◽  
Major Interest

AbstractThe selective oxidative conversion of seven representative fully characterized biomasses recovered as secondary feedstocks from the agroindustry is reported. The reaction system, known as the “OxFA process,” involves a homogeneous polyoxometalate catalyst (H8PV5Mo7O40), gaseous oxygen, p-toluene sulfonic acid, and water as solvent. It took place at 20 bar and 90 °C and transformed agro-industrial wastes, such as coffee husks, cocoa husks, palm rachis, fiber and nuts, sugarcane bagasse, and rice husks into biogenic formic acid, acetic acid, and CO2 as sole products. Even though all samples were transformed; remarkably, the reaction obtains up to 64, and 55% combined yield of formic and acetic acid for coffee and cocoa husks as raw material within 24 h, respectively. In addition to the role of the catalysts and additive for promoting the reaction, the influence of biomass components (hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin) into biogenic formic acid formation has been also demonstrated. Thus, these results are of major interest for the application of novel oxidation techniques under real recovered biomass for producing value-added products. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Effect of organic acids fed through drinking water on carcass and internal organs of broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
E. K. Ndelekwute ◽  
H. O. Uzegbu ◽  
K. U. Amaefule ◽  
C. O. Okereke ◽  
B. I. Umoh
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Carcass Yield

A Six week study was carried out to investigate effect of different organic acids (OAs) fed through drinking water on carcass yield and internal organs weight of broiler chickens. The OAs were acetic acid (AA) butyric acid (BA), citric acid (CA) and formic acid (FA). One hundred and fifty (150) day old AborAcre-plus chicks were used. There were five treatments. Treatment 1 which served as control (CON) consumed water with no organic acid, while treatments 2,3, 4 and5 respectively were offered drinking water treated with 0.25% acetic acid (AA), butyric acid (BA), citric acid (CA) and formic acid (FA). Each treatment was replicated three times each having 10 birds arranged in completely randomized design (CRD). Feed and water were offered ad libitum. Results showed that dressed carcass weight and breast weight were improved by all the organic acids. While only AA positively influenced the thigh weight, all the OAs drinking water fed resulted to smaller drumstick compared to the CON. Feeding of AA, BA and FA through drinking water increased (PSO.05) deposition of abdominal fat. Weight of pancreas, small intestine, caecum and large intestine was significantly (P<0.05) higher in CON. The gall bladder was significantly (P<0.05) bigger in all the OA groups. Conclusively, OAs could be fed through the drinking water for improved percentage carcass yield, breast meat and larger gall bladder and invariably bile volume

scholarly journals Esterification of Glycerol with Acetic Acid in Bioadditive Triacetin with Fe2O3/Activated Carbon Catalyst

2020 ◽  
Vol 849 ◽  
pp. 125-129
Author(s):  
Zahrul Mufrodi ◽  
Shinta Amelia
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Carbon Catalyst ◽  
Mass Spectometry

Esterification and transesterification processes for biodiesel production generate glycerol which is possible to be converted into triacetin. It is an actractive bioadditive for increasing octane number of fuel. The production of this bioadditive in a biodiesel plant also increases the revenue as raw material comes from biodiesel process production as by-product.This study examines the effects of catalyst concentration and temperature on triacetin production using glycerol from esterification process and acetic acid at volume ratio of 1:3 as raw materials. An activated charcoal as catalyst is activated with sulfuric acid at concentration of 2% and 3% (w/w). The esterification temperatures are varied at 90 and 100°C and the reaction time is set for 3 hours. The samples are taken frequently at certain interval times of 15, 30, and 60 minutes for chemical analysis using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectometry. It is observed that using 2% and 3% (w/w) of catalysts at 90°C and 60 minutes reaction time converts 41.037% and 57.441% of glycerol respectively.

Preparation of Nano-Size PbTiO3 Particles and its Characteristics on the Adsorption of Organic Acids

2007 ◽  
Vol 544-545 ◽  
pp. 797-800
Author(s):  
Kun Ho Song ◽  
Byoung Moon Kim ◽  
Jeong Eun Kim ◽  
Kwang Rae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Calcination Process ◽  
Processing Variables ◽  
Nano Size

The nano-size PbTiO3 particles were prepared by sol-gel method and the effects of processing variables such as concentration of sol solution, catalyst, concentration of catalyst, calcination temperature and calcination process on particle size of PbTiO3 were analyzed. The condition for preparation of sol solution from the precursor is very critical to the size of PbTiO3 particle. At certain experimental conditions, the particles of 129nm, 213nm and 343nm were obtained. However, the particle size of commercialized PbTiO3 powder was 5㎛(5,000nm). The prepared nano-size PbTiO3 powder adsorbed more acetic acid and formic acid than the commercialized one; 1.5 times for acetic acid and 1.2 times for formic acid. Formic acid was preferentially adsorbed than acetic acid.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Cellulose Nanocrystal Extraction From Pennisetum hydridum Fertilized by Municipal Sewage Sludge via Sulfuric Acid Hydrolysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoshan Yu ◽  
Yu Jiang ◽  
Qitang Wu ◽  
Zebin Wei ◽  
Xianke Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
Type I

This research focuses on the preparation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from Pennisetum hydridum fertilized by municipal sewage sludge (MSS) through sulfuric acid hydrolysis in different acid concentrations (40–65%), temperature (room temperature ∼55°C), and reaction time (50–120 min). The results showed that the obtained CNC possessed stable dispersion in water. The length of CNCs reached 272.5 nm under the condition of room temperature (RT), 65% acid concentration, and 120 min reaction time, and the diameter was within 10 nm. Furthermore, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) showed that the CNC still kept the cellulose type I structure. The crystallinity of CNCs increased to the maximum by 18.34% compared with that of delignified Pennisetum hydridum fibers. Thermogravimetry (TG) illustrated the thermal stability of CNCs was lower than that of delignified Pennisetum hydridum fibers due to the introduction of sulfate groups in the cellulose. This study demonstrated that Pennisetum hydridum fertilized by MSS might be a suitable raw material for CNCs. This implies meaningful resource utilization of MSS and Pennisetum hydridum.

scholarly journals Optimization of Formic Acid/Acetic Acid for Lignin Extraction in Talahib (Saccharum spontaneum L.) and the Analysis of the Adsorbent Properties of Lignin Towards Cu(II) and Pb(II) in Aqueous Solution

KIMIKA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-57
Author(s):  
Ma. Rickamae Datiles ◽  
Kevinilo Marquez
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Substrate Uptake ◽  
Saccharum Spontaneum ◽  
Spectroscopy Analysis ◽  
Lignin Extraction ◽  
Adsorption Processes ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Acetic Acid Water

In this paper, Talahib (Saccharum spontaneum L), was subjected to lignin extraction using Formic Acid/Acetic Acid Pulping. The effect of the formic acid/acetic acid/water ratio and the reaction time to the lignin yield was determined. It was found that increasing the concentration of formic acid decreased the lignin yield due to the formation of formate esters, which in turn decreased its reactivity to condense with other materials in the solution. In terms of reaction time, highest yield was observed at lowest cooking time due to the absence of recondensation reactions. Then, the pulp was subjected to further delignification using peroxyacid treatment, which aided in the isolation of any residual lignin left. The isolated lignin was characterized using UV-Vis and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Analysis of the adsorbent capability of lignin towards Cu(II) and Pb(II) showed % equilibrium removal amounts of 14.149 ± 0.227 % and 11.384 ± 0.572 %, respectively, both with an equilibrium contact time of 20 minutes. Through kinetic analysis, it was observed that both adsorption processes follow a pseudo-second order model, which means that the adsorption rate depends on the concentrations of both the metal cation and the lignin adsorbent. It also showed that the substrate uptake was greater with Cu(II) (0.330 ± 0.0082 mg/g lignin) compared to Pb(II) (0.262 ± 0.0159 mg/g lignin).    

WATER SOLUBLE ACID SUBSTANCES IN THE RAW HUMUS OF PODSOL SOILS

1937 ◽  
Vol 15b (8) ◽  
pp. 315-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. Sallans ◽  
J. M. Snell ◽  
H. W. Mackinney ◽  
R. R. McKibbin
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Soluble Acid

Aqueous extracts of "raw humus" from a typical Quebec podsol soil have been studied by means of two methods of fractionation. The presence of free acetic acid and mannitol has been established, and evidence of the presence of formic acid has been obtained. Data are presented which show that a number of organic acids are present in small quantities.

scholarly journals Catalytic Reduction of Wood Kikar (Acacia albida) by Acetosolv and Organosolv Pulping with Organic acids

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
Akhtar Shareef ◽  
Mohammad Tahir ◽  
Shahid Bhutto ◽  
Nisha Khan
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Strong Acid ◽  
Klason Lignin ◽  
Organosolv Pulping ◽  
Acacia Albida

Kikar wood (Acacia albida) of particle size 0.315-1.00 mm was subjected to acetosolv andorganosolv pulping catalyzed by strong acid like HCl. The selective condition for pulping is 95%, 0.25%catalyst (HCl) solid/liquor ratio (S/L) 1:12.5 for 180 mins, for acetic acid, 80%, 0.2% catalyst (HCl), S/L1:12.5 for 120 min, for formic acid, 85%, 0.2% catalyst (HCl), S/L 1:12.5 for 180 min for propionic acid,giving residues impurities but the a-cellulose and klason lignin 58.5% and 24.1% in Kikar wood. Theoptimum delignification was achieved by the acetic acid as compared to other organic acids.

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