Experimental Investigation of Residual Stresses after Heat Treatment and Grinding Processes in the Production of Ball Bearing Rings

2008 ◽  
Vol 571-572 ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volkan Güley ◽  
A. Erman Tekkaya ◽  
Turhan Savaş ◽  
Feridun Özhan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Ball Bearing ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Heat Treatment Process ◽  
Grinding Processes ◽  
Bearing Rings

Experimental investigation of residual stresses after heat treatment and grinding processes in the production of ball bearing rings has been carried out. The residual stresses were measured by X-ray diffraction method utilizing chromium radiation, which has an average penetration depth of 5 μm incident on 100Cr6 (AISI-E52100) ball bearing steel. The process parameters of heat treatment and grinding processes were varied so as to represent the extreme values that can be applied in the respective processes. Hardness and percent retained austenite limit the heat treatment process parameters; while roundness, surface roughness and form the grinding process. Tensile surface residual stresses on the raceway of ball bearing rings changes to compression after grinding in both circumferential and axial directions. In grinding relatively higher compressive stresses were measured in axial direction compared to the circumferential direction. This experimental investigation also showed that the influence of heat treatment process parameters on the magnitude and distribution of residual stresses survived even after grinding process; i.e. heat treatment and grinding processes cannot be evaluated independently in process design for favourable residual stresses.

scholarly journals Improving the Inner Surface State of Thick-Walled Tubes by Heat Treatments with Internal Quenching Considering a Simulation Based Optimization

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1303
Author(s):  
Fabian Mühl ◽  
Moritz Klug ◽  
Stefan Dietrich ◽  
Volker Schulze
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Surface State ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Heat Treatment Process ◽  
Residual Stress State ◽  
Optimization Study ◽  
Inner Surface

Internal Quenching is an innovative heat treatment method for difficult to access component sections. Especially, the microstructure, as well as the residual stress state at inner surfaces, of thick-walled tubes can be adjusted with the presented flexible heat treatment process. Based on multiphysical FE-models of two different steels, a simulative optimization study, considering different internal quenching strategies, was performed in order to find the optimal cooling conditions. The focus hereby was on the adjustment of a martensitic inner surface with high compressive residual stresses. The simulatively determined optimal cooling strategies were carried out experimentally and analyzed. A good agreement of the resulting hardness and residual stresses was achieved, validating the presented Fe-model of the Internal Quenching process. The shown results also indicate that the arising inner surface state is very sensitive to the transformation behavior of the used steel. Furthermore, the presented study shows that a preliminary simulative consideration of the heat treatment process helps to evaluate significant effects, reducing the experimental effort and time.

scholarly journals The Effects of Cylindrical Grinding Factors in the Production of Grinding Spindle using Hardened EN353 Steel

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 10640-10649
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Heat Treatment Process ◽  
Rough Machining ◽  
Cylindrical Grinding ◽  
Grinding Machine ◽  
Experimental Runs ◽  
Product Specification

The objective of this study is to produce the best possible grinding spindle using hardened EN 353 steel through the cylindrical grinding process. Primarily the EN 353 steel specimens are cut according to the product specification and subjected to rough machining. Then the steel specimens are subjected to a heat-treatment process to enhance the mechanical property hardness so that the specimen becomes wear-resistant. The experimental runs are planned based on Taguchi’s L27(37 ) array and conducted in a cylindrical grinding machine (Toyoda G32 cylindrical grinding machine). The surface roughness of the machined specimens is measured using a calibrated surface roughness tester. A prediction model is created through regression analysis for the outcome. The significance of the selected grinding factors and their levels on surface roughness is found by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and F-test and finally, a affirmation test is conducted to confirm the optimum factors.

Development of Residual Stresses in a Railroad Wheel Through Rim Spray Heat Treatment

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve L. Dedmon ◽  
James Pilch ◽  
Jeffrey Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Railroad Wheel ◽  
Heat Treatment Process ◽  
Ansys Software ◽  
Plastic Deformations ◽  
Subsequent Tempering ◽  
Fundamental Objective

Understanding how residual stresses develop during a typical rim spray quench and subsequent tempering operation is a fundamental objective necessary to gain knowledge of how wheels behave when under service loads. In this study, we have used specially modified and validated ANSYS software to calculate plastic deformations as they develop during the heat treatment process. Plastic deformations, including creep, were determined to follow stages which were both dependent on time of quench and depth from the taping line. Residual stresses developed from these deformations are also discussed.

Influence of Transformation Plasticity on Residual Stresses and Distortions due to the Heat Treatment of Steels with Different Carbon Content

2005 ◽  
Vol 490-491 ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemens Franz ◽  
Gerhard Besserdich ◽  
Volker Schulze ◽  
Hermann Müller ◽  
Detlef Löhe
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Residual Stress ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Residual Stress Distribution ◽  
Heat Treatment Process ◽  
Temporal Development ◽  
Transformation Plasticity ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Simulation Tools

The field of heat treatment of steels offers a large variety of applications for the use of simulation tools. It always includes the development of residual stresses and distortions. The geometry of the part, the composition of the material, the heat treatment process as well as the initial state of the part interact with each other in complex ways and have an influence on the distortion of the part. Using simulation the temporal development of temperature, phases, stresses and distortions while quenching as well as the residual stress distribution and distortion after quenching can be calculated. Transformation plasticity has been proved to be very important for heat treatment simulation. Three steels with identical contents of alloying elements but different carbon contents of 0.2, 0.5 and 0.8 wt. % were analysed. The influence of transformation plasticity during the martensitic transformation on the distortions and residual stresses after quenching of cylinders made out of the three steels was analyzed in simulations and compared to experimental results.

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