Martensitic Transformations and Functional Stability in Ultra-Fine Grained NiTi Shape Memory Alloys

2008 ◽  
Vol 584-586 ◽  
pp. 852-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juri Burow ◽  
Egor Prokofiev ◽  
Christoph Somsen ◽  
Jan Frenzel ◽  
Ruslan Valiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Shape Memory Alloys ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Thermomechanical Processing ◽  
High Pressure Torsion ◽  
Martensitic Transformations ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Functional Stability ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Niti Shape Memory Alloys

Martensitic transformations in NiTi shape memory alloys (SMAs) strongly depend on the microstructure. In the present work, we investigate how martensitic transformations are affected by various types of ultra-fine grained (UFG) microstructures resulting from various processing routes. NiTi SMAs with UFG microstructures were obtained by equal channel angular pressing, high pressure torsion, wire drawing and subsequent annealing treatments. The resulting material states were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The three thermomechanical processing routes yield microstructures which significantly differ in terms of grain size and related DSC chart features. While the initial coarse grained material shows a well defined one-step martensitic transformation on cooling, two-step transformations were found for all UFG material states. The functional stability of the various UFG microstructures was evaluated by thermal cycling. It was found that UFG NiTi alloys show a significantly higher stability. In the present work, we also provide preliminary results on the effect of grain size on the undercooling required to transform the material into B19’ and on the related heat of transformation.

Functional Properties of Ti-Ni-Based Shape Memory Alloys

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 156-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Khmelevskaya ◽  
Sergey Prokoshkin ◽  
Vladimir Brailovski ◽  
K.E. Inaekyan ◽  
Vincent Demers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Shape Memory Alloys ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
High Pressure Torsion ◽  
Martensitic Transformations ◽  
Critical Temperatures ◽  
Recoverable Strain ◽  
Ultrafine Grained

The main functional properties (FP) of Ti-Ni Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) are their critical temperatures of martensitic transformations, their maximum completely recoverable strain (er,1 max) and maximum recovery stress (sr max). Control of the Ti-Ni-based SMA FP develops by forming well-developed dislocation substructures or ultrafine-grained structures using various modes of thermomechanical treatment (TMT), including severe plastic deformation (SPD). The present work shows that TMT, including SPD, under conditions of high pressure torsion (HPT), equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) or severe cold rolling followed by post-deformation annealing (PDA), which creates nanocrystalline or submicrocrystalline structures, is more beneficial from SMA FP point of view than does traditional TMT creating well-developed dislocation substructure. ECAP and low-temperature TMT by cold rolling followed by PDA allows formation of submicrocrystalline or nanocrystalline structures with grain size from 20 to 300 nm in bulk, and long-size samples of Ti-50.0; 50.6; 50.7%Ni and Ti-47%Ni-3%Fe alloys. The best combination of FP: sr max =1400 MPa and er,1 max=8%, is reached in Ti-Ni SMA after LTMT with e=1.9 followed by annealing at 400°C which results in nanocrystalline (grain size of 50 to 80 nm) structure formation. Application of ultrafine-grained SMA results in decrease in metal consumption for various medical implants and devices based on shape memory and superelastiсity effects.

On the effect of aging on martensitic transformations in Ni-rich NiTi shape memory alloys

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. S186-S191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunther Eggeler ◽  
Jafar Khalil-Allafi ◽  
Susanne Gollerthan ◽  
Christoph Somsen ◽  
Wolfgang Schmahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory Alloys ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Martensitic Transformations ◽  
Niti Shape Memory Alloys

Powder Metallurgical Processes for NiTi Shape Memory Alloys

2010 ◽  
Vol 636-637 ◽  
pp. 928-933
Author(s):  
Filipe Neves ◽  
Francisco Manuel Braz Fernandes ◽  
Isabel M. Martins ◽  
Jose Brito Correia ◽  
Manuela Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Shape Memory Alloys ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Martensitic Transformations ◽  
Reactive Extrusion ◽  
Powder Mixtures ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Niti Shape Memory Alloys ◽  
Metallurgical Processes ◽  
Niti Matrix

Two promising powder metallurgy (PM) processes were used for the fabrication of NiTi shape memory alloys (SMA): Mechanically Activated Reactive FOrging Synthesis (MARFOS) and Mechanically Activated Reactive Extrusion Synthesis (MARES). In these two processes, equimolar powder mixtures of elemental Ni and Ti are first mechanically activated and then forged/extruded at relatively low temperature. Afterwards, heat treatments are used to promote homogenization and to adjust the composition of the NiTi matrix. When MARFOS and MARES processes are compared some differences have been observed but only in relation to the extent of phase transformation and to the degree of densification. The crystallite size was less than 100 nm for all the phases which indicates nanostructured materials and multi-step martensitic transformations could be observed in heat treated materials.

Localization Events and Microstructural Evolution in Ultra-Fine Grained NiTi Shape Memory Alloys during Thermo-Mechanical Loading

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 453-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Schaefer ◽  
Martin Franz-Xaver Wagner ◽  
Jorge Luis Pelegrina ◽  
Jürgen Olbricht ◽  
Gunther Eggeler
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory Alloys ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Mechanical Loading ◽  
Microstructural Evolution ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Niti Shape Memory Alloys

Multi-stage martensitic transformation in Ni-rich NiTi shape memory alloys

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 1740004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiebin Wang ◽  
Bert Verlinden ◽  
Sergey Kustov
Keyword(s):  
Martensitic Transformation ◽  
Shape Memory Alloys ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Precipitation Hardening ◽  
Aging Treatment ◽  
Functional Stability ◽  
Transformation Behavior ◽  
Niti Alloys ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Niti Shape Memory Alloys

Precipitation hardening is an effective way to improve the functional stability of NiTi shape memory alloys. The precipitates, mainly Ni4Ti3, could be introduced by aging treatment in Ni-rich NiTi alloys. However, the presence of Ni4Ti3 precipitates could disturb the transformation behavior, resulting in the multi-stage martensitic transformation (MMT). With the presence of MMT, it is difficult to control the transformation behavior, and thus limits the applicability of NiTi alloys. In this work, previous efforts on explaining the observed MMT are summarized. The difficulties in developing a unified explanation are discussed, and a possible way to avoid the MMT is proposed.

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