Corrosion Resistance of Nickel-Free Austenitic Stainless Steels and their Nanocomposites with Hydroxyapatite in Ringer's Solution

2011 ◽  
Vol 674 ◽  
pp. 159-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Tulinski ◽  
Mieczyslaw Jurczyk
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
Similar Process ◽  
Distinct Advantage ◽  
Ion Release

In this work Ni-free austenitic stainless steels with nanostructure and their nanocomposites were synthesized by mechanical alloying (MA), heat treatment and nitriding of elemental microcrystalline Fe, Cr, Mn and Mo powders with addition of hydroxyapatite (HA). Microhardness and corrosion tests' results of obtained materials are presented. Mechanical alloying and nitriding are very effective technologies to improve the corrosion resistance of stainless steel. Decreasing the corrosion current density is a distinct advantage for prevention of ion release and it leads to better cytocompatibility. Similar process in case of nanocomposites of stainless steel with hydroxyapatite helps achieve even better mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Hence nanocrystalline nickel-free stainless steels and nickel-free stainless steel/hydroxyapatite nanocomposites could be promising bionanomaterials for use as a hard tissue replacement implants, e.g. orthopedic implants.

ALZ 316

Alloy Digest ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Heat Treating

Abstract ALZ 316 is an austenitic stainless steel with good formability, corrosion resistance, toughness, and mechanical properties. It is the basic grade of the stainless steels, containing 2 to 3% molybdenum. After the 304 series, the molybdenum-containing stainless steels are the most widely used austenitic stainless steels. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, and joining. Filing Code: SS-756. Producer or source: ALZ nv.

ALLOY 0Cr25Ni6Mo3CuN

Alloy Digest ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Steel Research ◽  
Oil Refinement

Abstract ALLOY 0Cr25Ni6Mo3CuN is one of four grades of duplex stainless steel that were developed and have found wide applications in China since 1980. In oil refinement and the petrochemical processing industries, they have substituted for austenitic stainless steels in many types of equipment, valves, and pump parts. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on low and high temperature performance, and corrosion resistance as well as forming and joining. Filing Code: SS-706. Producer or source: Central Iron & Steel Research Institute.

CARTECH 347

Alloy Digest ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Intergranular Corrosion ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Intermittent Heating ◽  
Technology Corporation ◽  
Carpenter Technology Corporation

Abstract CarTech 347 is a niobium+tantalum stabilized austenitic stainless steel. Like Type 321 austenitic stainless steel, it has superior intergranular corrosion resistance as compared to typical 18-8 austenitic stainless steels. Since niobium and tantalum have stronger affinity for carbon than chromium, carbides of those elements tend to precipitate randomly within the grains instead of forming continuous patterns at the grain boundaries. CarTech 347 should be considered for applications requiring intermittent heating between 425 and 900 °C (800 and 1650 °F). This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-1339. Producer or source: Carpenter Technology Corporation.

scholarly journals Surface Modification of a Nickel-Free Austenitic Stainless Steel by Low-Temperature Nitriding

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1845
Author(s):  
Francesca Borgioli ◽  
Emanuele Galvanetto ◽  
Tiberio Bacci
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Modified Surface

Low-temperature nitriding allows to improve surface hardening of austenitic stainless steels, maintaining or even increasing their corrosion resistance. The treatment conditions to be used in order to avoid the precipitation of large amounts of nitrides are strictly related to alloy composition. When nickel is substituted by manganese as an austenite forming element, the production of nitride-free modified surface layers becomes a challenge, since manganese is a nitride forming element while nickel is not. In this study, the effects of nitriding conditions on the characteristics of the modified surface layers obtained on an austenitic stainless steel having a high manganese content and a negligible nickel one, a so-called nickel-free austenitic stainless steel, were investigated. Microstructure, phase composition, surface microhardness, and corrosion behavior in 5% NaCl were evaluated. The obtained results suggest that the precipitation of a large volume fraction of nitrides can be avoided using treatment temperatures lower than those usually employed for nickel-containing austenitic stainless steels. Nitriding at 360 and 380 °C for duration up to 5 h allows to produce modified surface layers, consisting mainly of the so-called expanded austenite or gN, which increase surface hardness in comparison with the untreated steel. Using selected conditions, corrosion resistance can also be significantly improved.

Effect of Rare Earth on the Inclusions and Pitting Resistance of Austenitic Stainless Steel

2013 ◽  
Vol 718-720 ◽  
pp. 29-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Liu ◽  
Yu Bo
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Pitting Corrosion ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Anodic Polarization ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Metallographic Examination ◽  
Pitting Corrosion Resistance

The anodic polarization curves of 21Cr-11Ni austenitic stainless steels with various RE contents in 3.5% NaCl neutral solutions have been measured by electrochemical methods. The effect of RE on pitting corrosion resistance of 21Cr-11Ni stainless steels has been studied by the metallographic examination. The results show that sulfide and other irregular inclusions are modified to round or oval-shaped RE2O2S and RES after adding RE to 21Cr-11Ni stainless steesl. RE makes sulfide, and other irregular inclusions change to dispersed round or oval-shaped RE inclusions, effectively inhibits the occurrence of pitting corrosion, thereby enhancing the corrosion resistance of 21Cr-11Ni austenitic stainless steels.

scholarly journals A Study on Unification of Welding Consumables in Construction of Chemical Cargo Tanker Made of Duplex Stainless Steel: Evaluation of Static Strength of Welded Joint

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki Yotsuzuka ◽  
Yusuke Endo ◽  
Eiji Niino ◽  
Koji Gotoh
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Duplex Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Static Strength ◽  
Clad Steels ◽  
Clad Steel ◽  
Welding Consumables ◽  
Welding Materials

Abstract Austenitic stainless steels such as SUS 316 LN and austenitic stainless clad steel are used in cargo holds of chemical tankers owing to their corrosion resistance. Recently, the use of duplex stainless steels has been increasing, owing to their better strength and corrosion resistance and lower content of expensive Ni, compared with those features of austenitic stainless steels. However, few duplex stainless clad steels have been approved by classification bodies. Furthermore, the application of duplex stainless steel is not yet mainstream as hull structural materials because a stable supply market has yet to be established. Therefore, when applying cladding steel to construction of chemical tankers, austenitic stainless clad steel is often used at present. The duplex stainless steel and the austenitic stainless clad steel are mixed at construction factories; hence, there is a risk of misuse of welding consumables. If misuse is suspected, it is not possible to judge the erroneous use from visual inspection after construction; therefore it is necessary to uniformly remove the weld and re-weld. However, if universal welding consumables were identified, this might avoid the problems of misuse and simplify the procurement of welding materials. In this paper, we report on our studies to verify welding consumables for use in the hull structures, involving a mixture of duplex stainless steel and the austenitic stainless clad steel. The static strength of the welded joints is a particular focus of this study, from which we confirmed the validity and limitations of welding consumables.

CARLSON ALLOY 926 Mo

Alloy Digest ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Nickel Alloys ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Oil Platforms ◽  
Alloy 926 ◽  
Corrosive Environments

Abstract Carlson alloy 926 Mo is a superaustenitic 6% Mo stainless steel that resists highly corrosive environments and has excellent chloride pitting, crevice, and stress-corrosion cracking resistance. It can be utilized where the performance of conventional austenitic stainless steels is bor-derline, or as a cost-effective substitute for nickel alloys. The higher mechanical properties that allow designs with thinner sections than con-ventional stainless steels are highly desired for oil platforms. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-842. Producer or source: G.O. Carlson Inc., Electralloy.

UNILOY 303, 303Se

Alloy Digest ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
General Purpose

Abstract UNILOY 303 and 303Se are improved machinability grades of 18-8 general purpose austenitic stainless steels. Machinability is respectively improved by additions of sulfur or selenium. Whereas standard 18-8 stainless steel had a machinability rating about 40-50% that of AISI B1112 free-machining carbon steel, these steels have a rating of about 70% that of AISI B1112. UNILOY 303Se is preferred over UNILOY 303 where machined finish and good cold formability and corrosion resistance are desired. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-512. Producer or source: Cytemp Cyclops.

ARCELORMITTAL K36X

Alloy Digest ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Ferritic Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Bend Strength

Abstract ArcelorMittal K36X is a ferritic stainless steel, mostly used as a stable price lower cost substitute for nickel containing austenitic stainless steels for corrosion applications. The “X” indicates this alloy is a muffler grade. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and bend strength. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, and joining. Filing Code: SS-1068. Producer or source: Arcelor Stainless Processing LLC.

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