Influence of Anodization Parameters on the Growth Rate and Morphology of the TiO2 Nanotube Arrays

2011 ◽  
Vol 694 ◽  
pp. 8-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
Yu Cheng Wu ◽  
Yong Qiang Qin ◽  
Jie Wu Cui ◽  
Hong Mei Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Tio2 Nanotubes ◽  
Electrochemical Anodization ◽  
Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Anodization Voltage ◽  
Structured Materials ◽  
The Past ◽  
Series Of Experiments

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes (TN) are an ideal nano-structured materials due to its promising applications in various scientific areas. Highly ordered TN arrays (TNAs) fabricated by electrochemical anodization proved to one of the exciting achievements during the past decades. In this paper, we did a series of experiments to investigate the influence of anodization parameters on the growth rate and morphology of the TNAs. And the results suggested that the anodization voltage, as well as the concentration of the anodization electrolyte, had a significant impact on the morphology of the TNAs. In-depth discussion for the TNAs was also presented.

scholarly journals Highly Ordered TiO2 Nanotube Arrays with Engineered Electrochemical Energy Storage Performances

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 510
Author(s):  
Wangzhu Cao ◽  
Kunfeng Chen ◽  
Dongfeng Xue
Keyword(s):  
Tio2 Nanotubes ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Tio2 Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Tio2 Nanotube ◽  
Electrochemical Anodization ◽  
Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Structured Materials ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Binder Free

Nanoscale engineering of regular structured materials is immensely demanded in various scientific areas. In this work, vertically oriented TiO2 nanotube arrays were grown by self-organizing electrochemical anodization. The effects of different fluoride ion concentrations (0.2 and 0.5 wt% NH4F) and different anodization times (2, 5, 10 and 20 h) on the morphology of nanotubes were systematically studied in an organic electrolyte (glycol). The growth mechanisms of amorphous and anatase TiO2 nanotubes were also studied. Under optimized conditions, we obtained TiO2 nanotubes with tube diameters of 70–160 nm and tube lengths of 6.5–45 μm. Serving as free-standing and binder-free electrodes, the kinetic, capacity, and stability performances of TiO2 nanotubes were tested as lithium-ion battery anodes. This work provides a facile strategy for constructing self-organized materials with optimized functionalities for applications.

SELF-ORDERING ELECTROCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF TiO2 NANOTUBE ARRAYS: CONTROLLING THE NANOTUBE GEOMETRY AND THE GROWTH RATE

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 55-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
KRISHNA KANT ◽  
DUSAN LOSIC
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Electrochemical Synthesis ◽  
The Self ◽  
Electrochemical Anodization ◽  
Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Anodization Voltage ◽  
Nanotube Array ◽  
Anodization Time ◽  
Nanotube Growth

We report the fabrication of highly ordered TiO 2 nanotube arrays employing electrochemical anodization of titanium using an organic electrolyte comprised of water, NH 4 F , and ethylene glycol. To achieve the self-ordering regime of TiO 2 nanotube growth and reliable fabrication optimal potential window between 80 and 100 V was determined. We show that anodization voltage can be used not only to control nanotube diameters (70–180 nm) but also to have impact on nanotube growth rate. The anodization voltage and anodization time were used to adjust the length of TiO 2 nanotube (thickness of nanotube layer). TiO 2 nanotube array films and self-supporting layers with thickness from < 5 μm to > 250 μm were routinely fabricated.

NaAc Effect on the Anodization Formation of TiO2 Nanotube Arrays in Glycerol Based Electrolytes

2010 ◽  
Vol 105-106 ◽  
pp. 371-375
Author(s):  
Yu Xin Yin ◽  
Xin Tan ◽  
Feng Hou
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Dissolution Rate ◽  
Protective Coating ◽  
Tio2 Nanotubes ◽  
Tio2 Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Tio2 Nanotube ◽  
Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Chemical Dissolution ◽  
Tio2 Surface

Effect of NaAc on the anodic growth of TiO2 nanotube arrays is described. NaAc-added approach yields longer nanotubes relative to samples grown from NaAc-free electrolyte. And the growth rate of TiO2 nanotubes has pH independency in NaAc-added electrolytes. The key to achieve a high aspect ratio TiO2 nanotube arrays is to decrease the chemical dissolution rate at the mouth of the tube by adding NaAc as protective coating. Adsorption of Ac- species on the TiO2 surface is shown to markedly decrease the chemical dissolution rate of the tube mouth, resulting in longer nanotube length.

The Fabrication of Highly Ordered TiO2 Nanotube Arrays and their Application in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 217-218 ◽  
pp. 1553-1558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Mei Xu ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
Hai Wang ◽  
Wen Xia Zhao ◽  
Hong Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Tio2 Nanotubes ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Anodization Voltage ◽  
Dye Sensitized ◽  
Anodization Time ◽  
Inner Diameter ◽  
Sensitized Solar Cells

Highly ordered closely packed TiO2 nanotubes were successfully fabricated by anodization of Ti foils in ethylene glycol-based electrolytes. For an identified electrolyte, the dependence manner of the nanotube dimension to the anodization parameters, including anodization voltage and time were systematically investigated. The inner diameter depends linearly on the anodization voltage but is time independent. The morphology of the tube is relative to the anodization voltage. The tube length is closely relative to the anodization time. Keeping the anodization voltage, the length will increase with the time rising to an extent and then maintain a relatively steady value. Longer nanotubes will be obtained when the anodization voltage is higher for a determined time. TiO2 nanotube-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were fabricated. The results showed that the conversion efficiency was related to the tube dimension. The optimum efficiency of 4.25% is obtained.

EFFECT OF VOLTAGE ON TIO2 NANOTUBES FORMATION IN ETHYLENE GLYCOL SOLUTION

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (5-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syahriza Ismail ◽  
Khairil Azwa Khairul ◽  
Nurul Asyikin Ahmad Nor Hisham ◽  
Md Shuhazlly Mamat ◽  
Mohd Asyadi Azam
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Crystalline Phase ◽  
Tio2 Nanotubes ◽  
Oxygen Vacancies ◽  
Ammonium Fluoride ◽  
Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Anodization Voltage ◽  
Ionic Mobilities ◽  
Glycol Solution

The crystalline phase of the TiO2 nanotubes without further heat treatment were studied. The TiO2 nanotube arrays were produced by anodization of Ti foil at three different voltage; 10, 40, and 60 V in a bath with electrolytes composed of ethylene glycol (EG), ammonium fluoride (NH4F), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The H2O2 is a strong oxidizing agent which was used as oxygen provider to increase the oxidation rate for synthesizing highly ordered and smooth TiO2 nanotubes. Anodization at voltage greater than 10 V leads to the formation of tubular structure where higher anodization voltage (~ 60 V) yield to larger tube diameter (~ 180 nm). Crystallinity of the nanotubes is improved as the voltage was increased. The transformation of amorphous to anatase can be obtained for as anodized TiO2 without any heat treatment. The Raman spectra results show the anodization at 40 V and 60 V gives anatase peak in which confirms the crystalline phase. The stabilization of the crystalline phase is due to the oxygen vacancies and ionic mobilities during the anodization at high voltage. 

scholarly journals Tailoring the Anodic Hafnium Oxide Morphology Using Different Organic Solvent Electrolytes

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 382
Author(s):  
Arlete Apolinário ◽  
Célia T. Sousa ◽  
Gonçalo N. P. Oliveira ◽  
Armandina M. L. Lopes ◽  
João Ventura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Hafnium Oxide ◽  
Anodic Oxide ◽  
Electrochemical Anodization ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Oxide Morphology ◽  
Anodization Voltage ◽  
Final Thickness ◽  
Solvent Type ◽  
Different Shapes

Highly ordered anodic hafnium oxide (AHO) nanoporous or nanotubes were synthesized by electrochemical anodization of Hf foils. The growth of self-ordered AHO was investigated by optimizing a key electrochemical anodization parameter, the solvent-based electrolyte using: Ethylene glycol, dimethyl sulfoxide, formamide and N-methylformamide organic solvents. The electrolyte solvent is here shown to highly affect the morphological properties of the AHO, namely the self-ordering, growth rate and length. As a result, AHO nanoporous and nanotubes arrays were obtained, as well as other different shapes and morphologies, such as nanoneedles, nanoflakes and nanowires-agglomerations. The intrinsic chemical-physical properties of the electrolyte solvents (solvent type, dielectric constant and viscosity) are at the base of the properties that mainly affect the AHO morphology shape, growth rate, final thickness and porosity, for the same anodization voltage and time. We found that the interplay between the dielectric and viscosity constants of the solvent electrolyte is able to tailor the anodic oxide growth from continuous-to-nanoporous-to-nanotubes.

scholarly journals Investigation the effect of anodization voltage on the geometrical properties and photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanotube arrays for degradation of p-nitrophenol

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamyar Khoshsirat Janekbari ◽  
Neda Gilani ◽  
azadeh ebrahimian pirbazari
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Tio2 Nanotubes ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Tio2 Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Tio2 Nanotube ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Anodization Voltage ◽  
Geometrical Properties

p-nitrophenol (PNP) is a nitroaromatic compound that poses a potential environmental hazard because of its acute toxicity, high carcinogenicity, low biodegradability and cumulative effect. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes have shown great potential as ideal and powerful photocatalysts in purification of polluted water due to their high photo oxidation, anti-fogging, nontoxicity, good chemical stability and low cost. Therefore, TiO2 nanotube arrays were fabricated by two-step anodization process at 30,40 and 50V; and were used in photocatalytic degradation of organic pollution p-nitrophenol. In order to have the crystal structure, nanotubes were annealed at 450 °C for 2 hours. Characterizing of TiO2 nanotubes were evaluated by FESEM, XRD and Spectrophotometry analyses. Effect of anodization voltage on nanotube’s length and diameter were investigated. The result showed that as anodization voltage increases from 30V to 50V, nanotube’s length, diameter and wall thickness increase linearly from 1.4 μm to 4.8 μm, 45 nm to 100nm and 15nm to 25 nm, respectively. Increasing in anodization voltage lead to enhancement in porosity (0.4-0.5) and roughness factor (109-194) of TiO2 nanotubes, respectively. By investigating kinetic of degradation of p-nitrophenol, it was observed that mechanism of photocatalytic degradation for all samples are followed first order kinetic. The results indicate that amongst all synthesized samples, 50 V sample with 38%, shows the most efficiency in degradation of p-nitrophenol under UV irradiation.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Titanium dioxide nanotube photo-electrodes in different electrolyte mixtures and the impacts on their characteristics and photo-catalytic abilities under visible light

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Thabit ◽  
Huiling Liu ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Bing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Rhodamine B ◽  
Electrochemical Anodization ◽  
Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Electrolyte Mixtures ◽  
Degradation Ratio ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Titanium Foils

Abstract TiO2 nanotube arrays were fabricated using electrochemical anodization of titanium foils, where different types of electrolytes were tested to determine conceptual choice for nanotubes fabrication. These electrolytes are 1M (NH4)2SO4 containing 0.5% wt NH4F, 1M Na2SO4 containing 0.5% wt NH4F, 1M NaF containing 0.5% wt (NH4)2SO4 and a mixture of water: ethylene glycol 1:9 containing 0.5% wt NH4F. The foils were marked as EG type (Ethylene Glycol), AS type (Ammonium sulfate), SS type (sodium sulfate) and SF type (sodium fluoride). The photocatalytic capabilities and characterization of the fabricated NTAs were analyzed using SEM, XRD, and DRS. The degradation ratio of designated organic pollutants (Rhodamine B) was analyzed. The obtained results have proven that foils fabricated using Ethylene glycol have significant photocatalytic abilities, with a degradation ratio of EG-SS-SF-AS types being 80% to 85%, 70% to 80%, 70% to 75% and 52% to 55%, respectively.

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