SELF-ORDERING ELECTROCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF TiO2 NANOTUBE ARRAYS: CONTROLLING THE NANOTUBE GEOMETRY AND THE GROWTH RATE

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 55-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
KRISHNA KANT ◽  
DUSAN LOSIC
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Electrochemical Synthesis ◽  
The Self ◽  
Electrochemical Anodization ◽  
Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Anodization Voltage ◽  
Nanotube Array ◽  
Anodization Time ◽  
Nanotube Growth

We report the fabrication of highly ordered TiO 2 nanotube arrays employing electrochemical anodization of titanium using an organic electrolyte comprised of water, NH 4 F , and ethylene glycol. To achieve the self-ordering regime of TiO 2 nanotube growth and reliable fabrication optimal potential window between 80 and 100 V was determined. We show that anodization voltage can be used not only to control nanotube diameters (70–180 nm) but also to have impact on nanotube growth rate. The anodization voltage and anodization time were used to adjust the length of TiO 2 nanotube (thickness of nanotube layer). TiO 2 nanotube array films and self-supporting layers with thickness from < 5 μm to > 250 μm were routinely fabricated.

TiO2 Nanowires/Nanobelts Originating from Anodically Grown Nanotube Arrays

2012 ◽  
Vol 463-464 ◽  
pp. 802-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Jun Tao ◽  
Jie Tao ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Zuo Guo Bao
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Special Structure ◽  
Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Anodization Voltage ◽  
Anodization Time ◽  
Chemical Etch ◽  
Scanning Electron

TiO2nanotube arrays have aroused great interest because of their enormous application in areas such as gas sensor, catalysts, biological materials, and solar cells. In this report, TiO2nanowires/nanobelts originating from TiO2 nanotube arrays are fabricated by simple anodization of Ti foils in ethylene glycol (EG) containing 0.25wt% NH4F. From the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) it is observed that the morphology of the special structure is influenced by anodization voltage, water content and anodization time. In these factors, small amount of water plays a very important role in making the special nanostructure. Moreover, a possible mechanism that showed a relationship between the formation of the special structure and electric field directed chemical etch is proposed.

Influence of Anodization Parameters on the Growth Rate and Morphology of the TiO2 Nanotube Arrays

2011 ◽  
Vol 694 ◽  
pp. 8-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
Yu Cheng Wu ◽  
Yong Qiang Qin ◽  
Jie Wu Cui ◽  
Hong Mei Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Tio2 Nanotubes ◽  
Electrochemical Anodization ◽  
Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Anodization Voltage ◽  
Structured Materials ◽  
The Past ◽  
Series Of Experiments

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes (TN) are an ideal nano-structured materials due to its promising applications in various scientific areas. Highly ordered TN arrays (TNAs) fabricated by electrochemical anodization proved to one of the exciting achievements during the past decades. In this paper, we did a series of experiments to investigate the influence of anodization parameters on the growth rate and morphology of the TNAs. And the results suggested that the anodization voltage, as well as the concentration of the anodization electrolyte, had a significant impact on the morphology of the TNAs. In-depth discussion for the TNAs was also presented.

Fabrication of TiO2 Nanotube Arrays in Ethylene Glycol Electrolyte by the Electrochemical Anodization Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 302 ◽  
pp. 31-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Liu ◽  
Liang Sheng Qiang ◽  
Wein Duo Yang ◽  
Hsin Yi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Tio2 Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Tio2 Nanotube ◽  
Electrochemical Anodization ◽  
Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Anodization Voltage ◽  
Good Uniformity ◽  
Anodization Method ◽  
Scanning Electron

Highly-ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays were successfully fabricated by electrochemical anodization of titanium. The morphology of TiO2 nanotube arrays, the length and pore size were represented by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The parameters of various anodization including F- concentration, reaction temperature and anodization voltage were investigated in detail. The results show that as-prepared TiO2 nanotube arrays possess good uniformity and well-aligned morphology in mixture of ethylene glycol and 0.3 wt% NH4F electrolyte at 40 V for 25 °C. The growth rates of TiO2 nanotube arrays can show activation energy.

The Fabrication of Highly Ordered TiO2 Nanotube Arrays and their Application in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 217-218 ◽  
pp. 1553-1558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Mei Xu ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
Hai Wang ◽  
Wen Xia Zhao ◽  
Hong Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Tio2 Nanotubes ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Anodization Voltage ◽  
Dye Sensitized ◽  
Anodization Time ◽  
Inner Diameter ◽  
Sensitized Solar Cells

Highly ordered closely packed TiO2 nanotubes were successfully fabricated by anodization of Ti foils in ethylene glycol-based electrolytes. For an identified electrolyte, the dependence manner of the nanotube dimension to the anodization parameters, including anodization voltage and time were systematically investigated. The inner diameter depends linearly on the anodization voltage but is time independent. The morphology of the tube is relative to the anodization voltage. The tube length is closely relative to the anodization time. Keeping the anodization voltage, the length will increase with the time rising to an extent and then maintain a relatively steady value. Longer nanotubes will be obtained when the anodization voltage is higher for a determined time. TiO2 nanotube-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were fabricated. The results showed that the conversion efficiency was related to the tube dimension. The optimum efficiency of 4.25% is obtained.

scholarly journals Effects of Titanium Oxide Nanotube Arrays with Different Lengths on the Characteristics of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chin-Guo Kuo ◽  
Cheng-Fu Yang ◽  
Lih-Ren Hwang ◽  
Jia-Sheng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Photovoltaic Performance ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
The Self ◽  
Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
Dye Sensitized ◽  
Anodization Time ◽  
Sensitized Solar Cells

The self-aligned highly ordered TiO2nanotube (TNT) arrays were fabricated by potentiostatic anodization of Ti foil, and we found that the TNT-array length and diameter were dependent on the electrolyte (NH4F) concentration in ethylene glycol and anodization time. The characteristics of the fabricated TNT arrays were characterized by XRD pattern, FESEM, and absorption spectrum. As the electrolyte NH4F concentration in the presence of H2O (2 vol%) with anodization was changed from 0.25 to 0.75 wt% and the anodization period was increased from 1 to 5 h, the TNT-array length was changed from 9.55 to 30.2 μm and the TNT-array diameter also increased. As NH4F concentration was 0.5 wt%, the prepared TNT arrays were also used to fabricate the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). We would show that the measured photovoltaic performance of the DSSCs was dependent on the TNT-array length.

EFFECT OF VOLTAGE ON TIO2 NANOTUBES FORMATION IN ETHYLENE GLYCOL SOLUTION

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (5-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syahriza Ismail ◽  
Khairil Azwa Khairul ◽  
Nurul Asyikin Ahmad Nor Hisham ◽  
Md Shuhazlly Mamat ◽  
Mohd Asyadi Azam
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Crystalline Phase ◽  
Tio2 Nanotubes ◽  
Oxygen Vacancies ◽  
Ammonium Fluoride ◽  
Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Anodization Voltage ◽  
Ionic Mobilities ◽  
Glycol Solution

The crystalline phase of the TiO2 nanotubes without further heat treatment were studied. The TiO2 nanotube arrays were produced by anodization of Ti foil at three different voltage; 10, 40, and 60 V in a bath with electrolytes composed of ethylene glycol (EG), ammonium fluoride (NH4F), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The H2O2 is a strong oxidizing agent which was used as oxygen provider to increase the oxidation rate for synthesizing highly ordered and smooth TiO2 nanotubes. Anodization at voltage greater than 10 V leads to the formation of tubular structure where higher anodization voltage (~ 60 V) yield to larger tube diameter (~ 180 nm). Crystallinity of the nanotubes is improved as the voltage was increased. The transformation of amorphous to anatase can be obtained for as anodized TiO2 without any heat treatment. The Raman spectra results show the anodization at 40 V and 60 V gives anatase peak in which confirms the crystalline phase. The stabilization of the crystalline phase is due to the oxygen vacancies and ionic mobilities during the anodization at high voltage. 

scholarly journals Tailoring the Anodic Hafnium Oxide Morphology Using Different Organic Solvent Electrolytes

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 382
Author(s):  
Arlete Apolinário ◽  
Célia T. Sousa ◽  
Gonçalo N. P. Oliveira ◽  
Armandina M. L. Lopes ◽  
João Ventura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Hafnium Oxide ◽  
Anodic Oxide ◽  
Electrochemical Anodization ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Oxide Morphology ◽  
Anodization Voltage ◽  
Final Thickness ◽  
Solvent Type ◽  
Different Shapes

Highly ordered anodic hafnium oxide (AHO) nanoporous or nanotubes were synthesized by electrochemical anodization of Hf foils. The growth of self-ordered AHO was investigated by optimizing a key electrochemical anodization parameter, the solvent-based electrolyte using: Ethylene glycol, dimethyl sulfoxide, formamide and N-methylformamide organic solvents. The electrolyte solvent is here shown to highly affect the morphological properties of the AHO, namely the self-ordering, growth rate and length. As a result, AHO nanoporous and nanotubes arrays were obtained, as well as other different shapes and morphologies, such as nanoneedles, nanoflakes and nanowires-agglomerations. The intrinsic chemical-physical properties of the electrolyte solvents (solvent type, dielectric constant and viscosity) are at the base of the properties that mainly affect the AHO morphology shape, growth rate, final thickness and porosity, for the same anodization voltage and time. We found that the interplay between the dielectric and viscosity constants of the solvent electrolyte is able to tailor the anodic oxide growth from continuous-to-nanoporous-to-nanotubes.

Effect of Fluoride Concentration and Water Content on Morphology of Titania Nanotubes in Ethylene Glycol Solution

2013 ◽  
Vol 829 ◽  
pp. 907-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meysam Naghizadeh ◽  
Saber Ghannadi ◽  
Hossein Abdizadeh ◽  
Mohammad Reza Golobostanfard
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Ammonium Fluoride ◽  
Electrochemical Anodization ◽  
Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Geometrical Parameters ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Inner Diameter

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotube arrays were prepared at room temperature by electrochemical anodization of a pure titanium foil in electrolyte solutions containing ethylene glycol as a solvent and de-ionized water and ammonium fluoride as additives. Since the morphology and size of TiO2 nanotubes play critical roles in determining their performance, the control of geometrical parameters of the nanotube arrays including length and inner diameter are of great importance. The present research demonstrates the significant effects of fluoride concentration and water content in anodizing electrolyte on formation of nanotubes and their dimensions. Scanning electron microscope investigation shows that nanotube arrays are no longer formed in very low or very high concentration of ammonium fluoride. Also, increase in fluoride concentration causes increase in lengths and inner diameters of the nanotubes. Moreover, it is evident that the maximum nanotube growth rate was achieved in medium amount of water. In addition, it is found that the nanotube inner diameter increases by adding more water to the solution.

Synthesis of Highly Ordered Nanotubular Oxide Layers on Ti-6Al-4V Alloys by Anodization Technique

2011 ◽  
Vol 219-220 ◽  
pp. 1541-1544
Author(s):  
Shi Kai Liu ◽  
Hong Sen Zuo ◽  
Hai Bin Yang ◽  
Wen Jun Zou ◽  
Zheng Xin Li
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Applied Voltage ◽  
Electrochemical Anodization ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Anodization Time ◽  
Tc4 Alloy ◽  
Inner Diameter ◽  
Scanning Electron

Highly ordered nanotube arrays were fabricated via electrochemical anodization of Ti-6Al-4V (TC4) alloy foils in aqueous fluorine containing electrolytes. The formation of ordered nanotubular films was affected by the applied anodization potential and the anodization time. The optimal applied voltage and anodization time were 20V and 1h, respectively, as-prepared anodic nanotubular films were in highly ordered with the average inner diameter of about 120nm, the wall thickness of 17nm and the tube length about 300nm. The tubular nanostructures were examined by field emission scanning electron microscopy. The possible nanotube formation mechanism was also discussed.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Titanium dioxide nanotube photo-electrodes in different electrolyte mixtures and the impacts on their characteristics and photo-catalytic abilities under visible light

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Thabit ◽  
Huiling Liu ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Bing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Rhodamine B ◽  
Electrochemical Anodization ◽  
Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Electrolyte Mixtures ◽  
Degradation Ratio ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Titanium Foils

Abstract TiO2 nanotube arrays were fabricated using electrochemical anodization of titanium foils, where different types of electrolytes were tested to determine conceptual choice for nanotubes fabrication. These electrolytes are 1M (NH4)2SO4 containing 0.5% wt NH4F, 1M Na2SO4 containing 0.5% wt NH4F, 1M NaF containing 0.5% wt (NH4)2SO4 and a mixture of water: ethylene glycol 1:9 containing 0.5% wt NH4F. The foils were marked as EG type (Ethylene Glycol), AS type (Ammonium sulfate), SS type (sodium sulfate) and SF type (sodium fluoride). The photocatalytic capabilities and characterization of the fabricated NTAs were analyzed using SEM, XRD, and DRS. The degradation ratio of designated organic pollutants (Rhodamine B) was analyzed. The obtained results have proven that foils fabricated using Ethylene glycol have significant photocatalytic abilities, with a degradation ratio of EG-SS-SF-AS types being 80% to 85%, 70% to 80%, 70% to 75% and 52% to 55%, respectively.

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