A New Way to Uniform Microwave Treatment of Epoxy Glass

2015 ◽  
Vol 813 ◽  
pp. 265-272
Author(s):  
Wei Wei Du ◽  
Lyes Douadji ◽  
Fethi Benkhenafou ◽  
Hong He ◽  
Cheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Microwave Treatment ◽  
Microwave Processing ◽  
Leaf Spring ◽  
Microwave Source ◽  
Electromagnetic Modelling ◽  
Dielectric Effect ◽  
Microwave Heat ◽  
Uniform Treatment ◽  
Microwave Process

This work is part of an ambitious project aiming to manufacture epoxy-glass leaf spring by microwave processing. Physical properties of final products to be manufactured, in particular the mechanical properties, are directly dependent on uniform repartition of microwave source heating during the treatment. The major problem in microwave processing, however, is attenuation of microwave source. We propose Dielectric Effect of Attenuation Inversion of the Electromagnetic Waves (DEAI) as a new way for uniform treatment of epoxy glassmicrowave energy. This solution utilizes dielectric properties of the mold to control the microwave heat source attenuation into the composite to be treated. Electromagnetic modelling of microwave process was carried out and validated by experimental results. The results show that microwave source heating attenuation can be controlled and inversed. We demonstrated uniform treatment on epoxy-glass parts ca. 100 cm long by means of compensation of microwave source attenuation.

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING MICROWAVE SEED TREATMENT ON A CONVEYOR BELT

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
ALEKSANDR N. MALAKHOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Dielectric Materials ◽  
Microwave Treatment ◽  
Conveyor Belt ◽  
Microwave Devices ◽  
Microwave Source ◽  
Processing Modes ◽  
High Yields

The sowing qualities of seeds – such as germination, germination energy, weight of 1000 seeds, etc., are the factors ensuring high yields of agricultural crops. Technological methods of seed and grain treatment with the UHF MEMF (microwave electromagnetic fi eld of ultrahigh frequency) energy involve the use of various types of microwave devices, diff ering both in operating principle and in design. In fact, the process of microwave treatment of seeds is similar to the process of heat treatment of dielectric materials. Therefore, depending on the goal of treatment, microwave devices should provide some kind of selectivity of microwave heating, a high conversion factor of microwave energy into thermal energy, uniformity of microwave treatment of the bulk of material, protection of the microwave generator and electromagnetic safety. During the microwave treatment of seeds, it is important to ensure uniform treatment of the bulk of seeds and automatically maintain optimal treatment modes (microwave heating modes). An installation design is proposed for microwave treatment of seeds. A specifi c feature of the proposed design is that seeds are processed on a moving belt under an emitter with the process control and regulation according to the speed and fi nal heating temperature. Moreover, the microwave source intensity depends on the load (a layer of seeds on the conveyor belt). The authors also propose an algorithm for the microprocessor control of the device. Thus, the proposed design of the installation for treating seeds in a layer under the emitter on a moving conveyor belt, as well as the technological algorithm for matching the microwave source with the load ensure the compliance with the processing modes in strictly specifi ed ranges of the fi nal temperature and microwave heating rate of the material, as well as protect the microwave source from refl ected electromagnetic waves.

Effect of Microwave Treatment on Catalysis of Papain

2012 ◽  
Vol 554-556 ◽  
pp. 1237-1242
Author(s):  
Xu Cong Yu ◽  
Lin Li ◽  
Quan Yi Fu ◽  
Bing Li
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Enzyme Catalysis ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Microwave Treatment ◽  
Microwave Processing ◽  
Disodium Edta ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Enzyme Molecules ◽  
Main Factor

In this article, investigation on the effect of microwave treatment on the catalysis of papain had been carried out. According to the results, the thermal effect was found to be the main factor to cause inactivation of enzyme. The kinetic parameters and the fluorescence spectroscopy implied that the microwave processing had changed the conformation of the enzyme molecules and thus affected its activity. The results also showed that the microwave treatment had not changed the optimum pH value of the enzyme catalysis, and the inactivation rate of the enzyme was inversely proportional to the concentration of the enzyme. In addition, a certain concentration of the disodium EDTA media had been found to effectively protect the enzyme activity in microwave processing.

Survival of Anisakis simplex in Microwave-Processed Arrowtooth Flounder (Atheresthes stomias)

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANN M. ADAMS ◽  
KATHLEEN S. MILLER ◽  
MARLEEN M. WEKELL ◽  
FAYE M. DONG
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Microwave Treatment ◽  
Microwave Processing ◽  
Anisakis Simplex ◽  
Pepsin Digestion ◽  
Thermal Mechanism ◽  
Cold Spots ◽  
Arrowtooth Flounder ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to define the relationship between survival and temperature of nematodes of the species Anisakis simplex in microwave-processed arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomias). Ten fillets (each 126 to 467 g, 0.5 to 1.75 cm thick), with an average of five larvae of Anisakis simplex per fillet, were processed to target temperatures on high (100%) power using a commercial 700-W microwave oven. Fillets were neither covered nor rotated and had a temperature probe inserted to two-thirds depth into the thickest portion. After the fillet was digested using a 1% pepsin solution, the viability of nematodes was determined by viewing them under a dissecting microscope. Survival rates were 31% at 140°F (60°C), 11% at 150°F (65°C), 2% at 160°F (71°C), 3% at 165°F (74°C), and 0% at 170°F (77°C). Microwave processing of standardized fillet “sandwiches,” 14 cm long, 4.5 cm wide, and approximately 1.75 cm high, each of which was preinoculated with 10 live nematodes, resulted in no survival at either 160°F or 170°F. Using ultraviolet light to detect both viable and nonviable nematodes in fillet sandwiches as an alternative method to pepsin digestion resulted in survival rates of 1% at 140°F (60°C), 3% at 145°F (63°C), and 0% at 150°F (65°C). Smaller fillet sandwiches, which most likely had fewer cold spots during microwave processing, required 150°F (65°C), whereas larger whole fillets required 170°F (77°C) to kill larvae of Anisakis simplex. The parasites were most likely inactivated by a thermal mechanism of microwave treatment. Damage to the nematodes was often evident from ruptured cuticles that were no longer resistant to digestive enzymes. The high hydrostatic pressure and low chloride content of the pseudocoelomic fluid probably contributed greatly to the damage incurred by the larvae.

scholarly journals Developing New Foodstuffs Using Microwave-cooked Cod Liver and Its Oil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Kovaleva ◽  
Christina Dvoryankina ◽  
Vasily Volchenko
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Microwave Treatment ◽  
Microwave Processing ◽  
Cod Liver Oil

The non-sterilized cooked cod liver has been used as a novelty in the technology of culinary and making of sausage products. This cod liver has been cooked using microwave processing. The semi-finished cod liver oil separated during such microwave treatment has been also used for preparing such production. As for cooked boiled sausages, pork heart and venison have also been used in the composition with a view to enrich the nutritional value.

Microwave Vacuum Drying Effect on Peanut Quality1

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Delwiche ◽  
W. L. Shupe ◽  
J. L. Pearson ◽  
T. H. Sanders ◽  
D. M. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Latin Square ◽  
Microwave Treatment ◽  
Microwave Drying ◽  
Treatment Level ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Microwave Vacuum Drying ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Treatment Type ◽  
Processing Order ◽  
Microwave Process

Abstract Florunner peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) were grown during the 1984 season near Tifton, Georgia. Two planting dates spaced one month apart were used to obtain four weekly digging dates. Peanuts from each harvest were windrow dried for 4 days, mechanically harvested and placed into a ventilated wagon for 1 to 4 days. Peanuts were subsequently removed from the wagon, shelled at 8 to 22% moisture (wb), and microwave vacuum dried at nominal rates of 4, 8, 16, and 32 times the normal rate of conventional wagon drying. Harvest group, microwave treatment level, and order of processing were configured in a Latin Square design. Concurrent with each microwave run (MV), a separate portion of the shelled peanuts was deep bed dried (CS) and another portion was similarly dried but within shell (CH). Analyses of variance were performed to determine the significance of treatment type, microwave level, harvest group, and processing order differences on splitting and skin slippage tendencies, mold growth, and germination potential. No significant (p> .05) differences were observed among treatment types for splitting and skin slippage potential, though slight (p< .05) differences existed among microwave treatment levels (damage increasing with increasing microwave drying rate), and drying order within microwave treatment (damage decreasing with increasing drying order). Larger (p< .01) splitting and skin slippage differences existed among harvest groups. MV treatments had significantly (p< .01) higher presence of A. flavus than the CS and CH treatments though aflatoxin was not detected in any sample. The percentage of normal strong germinated kernels from MV treatments was significantly (p<.01) lower than from the CS and CH treatments, with germination decreasing with increasing microwave process rate.

Use of High-Power Traveling Wave Tubes as a Microwave Heating Source

1994 ◽  
Vol 347 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Everleigh ◽  
A. C. Johnson ◽  
R. J. Espinosa ◽  
R. S. Garard
Keyword(s):  
High Power ◽  
Traveling Wave ◽  
Microwave Processing ◽  
Materials Processing ◽  
Product Lines ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Microwave Source ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
Heating Source ◽  
Traveling Wave Tubes

ABSTRACTThis paper reports on the use of high-power traveling wave tubes (TWTs) as a source of microwave energy for materials processing applications. Recent work by Oak Ridge National Laboratories and Microwave Laboratories personnel has demonstrated the usefulness of sweeping the microwave processing frequency over substantial (>20%) bandwidths in order to achieve uniformity of heating over volumes unattainable using conventional microwave sources ∼ e.g., magnetrons. Properly constructed high-power TWTs are a logical choice of microwave source in such systems. After briefly reviewing the basic operating principles of the TWT, the required characteristics of a TWT for materials processing applications and how those requirements affect the TWT's design are discussed. Comments on the present product lines and areas of development for all of the major TWT manufacturers are also presented. Finally, the issue of the ultimate potential cost of TWTs designed for microwave processing applications is addressed.

Synthesizing Phosphors Through Microwave Process

2006 ◽  
Vol 988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Y. Fang ◽  
Dinesh K. Agrawal ◽  
Ming Fu ◽  
Joan M. Coveleskie ◽  
Chung-nin Chau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Microwave Processing ◽  
Synthesis Temperature ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Final Temperature ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Conventional Process ◽  
Microwave Furnace ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Microwave Process

AbstractVarious Lamp phosphors, including [Ca10(PO4)6(Cl,F):Sb:Mn], (Y,Eu)2O3 (YOE), BaMgAl10O17:Eu (BAM), and (La,Ce)PO4:Ce:Tb (LAP), with or without flux, have been synthesized by a microwave processing technique in a multimode microwave furnace operating at 2.45 GHz. The microwave-synthesized phosphors were comprehensively characterized for particle size, specific surface area, brightness, and luminescence. Although most properties of the microwave-synthesized phosphors were comparable to that of the conventional products, the kinetics of the phosphor synthesis was substantially enhanced in the microwave processing. As a result, the soaking time at the final temperature was reduced by up to 90% compared to a conventional process. In addition, the required synthesis temperature was also lowered by 100-200°C in microwave process, compared to the conventional process for these lamp phosphors. Certain improved property was also observed in some microwave synthesized samples. The mechanism and advantages of microwave process for the lamp phosphor synthesis through solid-state reaction are addressed.

Seti Space Missions

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 761-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Maccone
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Space Missions ◽  
Gravitational Lens ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Space Antenna ◽  
Focal Distance ◽  
Large Space ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Space Antennas ◽  
New Space

AbstractSETI from space is currently envisaged in three ways: i) by large space antennas orbiting the Earth that could be used for both VLBI and SETI (VSOP and RadioAstron missions), ii) by a radiotelescope inside the Saha far side Moon crater and an Earth-link antenna on the Mare Smythii near side plain. Such SETIMOON mission would require no astronaut work since a Tether, deployed in Moon orbit until the two antennas landed softly, would also be the cable connecting them. Alternatively, a data relay satellite orbiting the Earth-Moon Lagrangian pointL2would avoid the Earthlink antenna, iii) by a large space antenna put at the foci of the Sun gravitational lens: 1) for electromagnetic waves, the minimal focal distance is 550 Astronomical Units (AU) or 14 times beyond Pluto. One could use the huge radio magnifications of sources aligned to the Sun and spacecraft; 2) for gravitational waves and neutrinos, the focus lies between 22.45 and 29.59 AU (Uranus and Neptune orbits), with a flight time of less than 30 years. Two new space missions, of SETI interest if ET’s use neutrinos for communications, are proposed.

Microwaves: Application in Electron Microscopy

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 140-141
Author(s):  
Anthony S-Y Leong ◽  
David W Gove
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Tissue Fixation ◽  
Primary Method ◽  
Dipolar Molecules ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Cryostat Sections

Microwaves (MW) are electromagnetic waves which are commonly generated at a frequency of 2.45 GHz. When dipolar molecules such as water, the polar side chains of proteins and other molecules with an uneven distribution of electrical charge are exposed to such non-ionizing radiation, they oscillate through 180° at a rate of 2,450 million cycles/s. This rapid kinetic movement results in accelerated chemical reactions and produces instantaneous heat. MWs have recently been applied to a wide range of procedures for light microscopy. MWs generated by domestic ovens have been used as a primary method of tissue fixation, it has been applied to the various stages of tissue processing as well as to a wide variety of staining procedures. This use of MWs has not only resulted in drastic reductions in the time required for tissue fixation, processing and staining, but have also produced better cytologic images in cryostat sections, and more importantly, have resulted in better preservation of cellular antigens.

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