Characterization and Properties of Nucleated Polylactide, Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate), and Thermoplastic Starch Ternary Blend Films: Effects of Compatibilizer and Starch

2013 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 673-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Worasak Phetwarotai ◽  
Duangdao Aht-Ong
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Nucleating Agent ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Ternary Blend ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Blend Films ◽  
Flexible Polymer ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Biodegradable ternary blend films of nucleated polylactide (PLA), poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), and thermoplastic starch (TPS) with the presence of nucleating agent and compatibilizer were prepared via a twin screw extruder. The effects of compatibilizer types and starch contents on the thermal, morphological, and tensile properties of these blend films were evaluated. Two types of compatibilizer (methylene diphenyldiisocyanate (MDI) and polylactide-graft-maleic anhydride (PLA-g-MA)) were used for enhancing an interfacial adhesion of the blends, whereas TPS from tapioca starch was added as a filler at various concentrations (0 to 40 wt%). In addition, talc and PBAT acted as a nucleating agent and a flexible polymer were fixed at 1 phr and 10 wt%, respectively. The results indicated that the thermal stability of the blend films was affected from the presence of compatibilizer and TPS. In addition, the tensile properties and compatibility of PLA, PBAT, and TPS blends were improved with the addition of compatibilizer compared to uncompatibilized blend films as evidenced by SEM results. Furthermore, the blend films with MDI gave higher mechanical properties than those with PLA-g-MA at all compositions. The water absorption of the ternary blend films was evidently increased when the TPS amount was increased; in contrast, tensile strength and elongation at break (EB) of these blend films were significantly decreased.

Reactive Compatibilization of Polylactide, Thermoplastic Starch and Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Biodegradable Ternary Blend Films

2011 ◽  
Vol 695 ◽  
pp. 178-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Worasak Phetwarotai ◽  
Duangdao Aht-Ong
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Interfacial Interaction ◽  
Ternary Blend ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Reactive Compatibilization ◽  
Blend Films ◽  
Reactive Modification ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Methylenediphenyl Diisocyanate

Biodegradable blend films of polylactide (PLA), thermoplastic starch (TPS), and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) were prepared through reactive modification. Three types of compatibilizers, methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), maleic anhydride (MA), and MA-g-PE, were studied. PLA and PBAT were blended in the presence of the compatibilizer to improve and evaluate the interfacial interaction. PBAT content was varied from 0 to 20 wt%, while compatibilizer content was differed from 0 to 5 wt% based on PBAT amount. For ternary blending, PLA, TPS, and PBAT were melt-blended with and without compatibilizer in a twin screw extruder using glycerol and tapioca starch as plasticizer and filler, respectively. The effects of type and content of compatibilizer and blend compositions on the physical, thermal, morphological, and tensile properties of the films were investigated. The results showed that the blend films with MDI had appropriate physical, thermal, and tensile properties. The presence of small amount of MDI enhanced the thermal and tensile properties of the films compared to the uncompatibilized films. This can be explained by a uniform morphology of the dispersed phase in the PLA matrix.

Processing, Thermal Behavior and Tensile Properties of PLA/Thermoplastic Starch/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites

2013 ◽  
Vol 684 ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
Esmat Jalalvandi ◽  
Taravat Ghanbari ◽  
Hossein Cherghibidsorkhi ◽  
Ehsan Zeimaran ◽  
Hamid Ilbeygi
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Twin Screw

Thermoplastic starch, polylactic acid glycerol and maleic anhydride (MA) were compounded with natural montmorillonite (MMT) through a twin screw extruder to investigate the effects of different loading of MMT on tensile properties and thermal behavior of the nanocomposites. Tensile results showed an increased in modulus, tensile strength and elongation at break. However, beyond 3phr of MMT the modulus of samples decreased because the MMT particles agglomerated. The thermal properties were characterized by using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The results showed that MMT increased melting temperature and crystallization temperature of matrix but reduction in glass transition temperature was observed.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Biodegradable Polylactide/Thermoplastic Starch/Nanosilica Composites: Effects of Plasticizer and Nanosilica Functionality

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Jeziorska ◽  
Agnieszka Szadkowska ◽  
Ewa Spasowka ◽  
Aneta Lukomska ◽  
Michal Chmielarek
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Thermo Oxidative Degradation

The effect of plasticizer (polydimethylsiloxanol) and neat (SiO2) or modified (having amine functional groups) silica (A-SiO2) on morphology, thermal, mechanical, and rheological properties of PLA/TPS blends compatibilized by maleated PLA (MPLA) was investigated. Toughened PLA/MPLA/TPS (60/10/30) blend containing 3 wt.% of plasticizer and various contents (1, 3, or 5 wt.%) of silica were prepared in a corotating twin-screw extruder. From SEM, it is clear that plasticized PLA/MPLA/TPS blend continuous porous structure is highly related to the silica content and its functionality. The results indicate that polydimethylsiloxanol enhances ductility and the initial thermal stability of the plasticized blend. DSC and DMTA analyses show that nucleation ability and reinforcing effect of A-SiO2on plasticized blend crystallization are much better than those of SiO2. Silica practically had no effect on the thermo-oxidative degradation. However, the composites with A-SiO2had better thermal stability than those with SiO2. Moreover, silica significantly improved the elongation at break.

scholarly journals Preparation and Properties of Thermoplastic Starch/Bentonite Nanocomposites

2017 ◽  
Vol 885 ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Lendvai ◽  
Ákos Kmetty ◽  
József Karger-Kocsis
Keyword(s):  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Maize Starch ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Scanning Electron

Thermoplastic starch (TPS)/bentonite nanocomposites containing up to 7.5 wt.% bentonite were prepared. Maize starch was plasticized with glycerol and water, in presence or absence of bentonite, in a twin-screw extruder. Mechanical, morphological and thermal properties of the TPS/bentonite nanocomposites were determined and discussed. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images revealed a good dispersion of bentonite particles with some remaining agglomerates in the range of 0.1 to 1.5 μm. According to the tensile test results the tensile strength and Young’s modulus increased significantly with increasing bentonite content, however, at cost of elongation. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the presence of bentonite exerted little to no effect on the thermal stability of TPS.

Studies on Tensile Properties of Compatibilized and Uncompatibilized Low-Density Polyethylene/Jackfruit Seed Flour (LDPE/JFSF) Blends at Different JFSF Content

2017 ◽  
Vol 264 ◽  
pp. 120-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Ting Sam ◽  
Omar Sabbar Dahham ◽  
Pei Gie Gan ◽  
N.Z. Noimam ◽  
Jingi Y. Kuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Adipic Acid ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Direct Introduction ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Seed Flour ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Natural Fillers

Currently, natural fillers seem to be the suitable materials in polymer industry, which have emerged as a viable and abundant replacement for the relatively high-cost and non-renewable conventional fillers. However, the direct introduction of natural fillers into polymer matrix could effect negatively on some properties. Therefore, the aim of this work is to evaluate the influence of jackfruit seed flour (JFSF) (before and after compatibilization) on the tensile properties of (LDPE/JFSF) blends. Different JFSF content (5, 10, 15 and 20 wt.%) with (63-100 𝜇𝑚) particle size were prepared in this work. Twin-screw extruder at 150°C and 50rpm screw speed followed by hot-compress machine at 150°C and 10MPa pressure were used respectively to produce (LDPE/JFSF) blends. Adipic acid (AA) solution was added as a compatibilizer into all blends equally (25wt% AA into 75wt% JFSf). The changes of tensile and morphological properties were investigated. Results shown decreasing on tensile strength and elongation at break of LDPE/JFSF and LDPE/JFSF/AA as JFSF increased. In contrast, Young’s modulus increased up to 10 wt.% of JFSF and then decreased. However, the addition of Adipic acid, particularly for JFSF 5wt.% has improved the tensile properties of LDPE/JFSF blends. The SEM micrographs showed the agglomeration at high JFSF content (20 wt%) which in turn effected negatively on the tensile properties. However, the blends show homogeneous surfaces as AA added.

scholarly journals Studies On Compatibilization Of Recycled Polyethylene/Thermoplastic Starch Blends By Using Different Compatibilizer

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 557-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barıs Oner ◽  
Tolga Gokkurt ◽  
Ayse Aytac
Keyword(s):  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Recycled Polyethylene ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Starch Blends ◽  
Packaging Industry ◽  
Maleic Anhydride Copolymer

AbstractIn this study, the aim was to examine the effects of three different compatibilizers on the recycled polyethylene/ thermoplastic starch (r-LDPE/TPS) blends which are used in producing garbage bags. Polyethylene-Grafted-Maleic Anhydride (PEgMAH), maleic-anhydride modified ethylene propylene rubber (EPMgMAH) and ethylene maleic anhydride copolymer (PEMAH) were selected as the compatibilizers. r-LDPE/TPS blends with or without compatibilizer were prepared by using a twin screw extruder and characterized by means of mechanical, thermal, structural and morphological analyses. It was found that tensile strength values increased with the addition of PEgMAH but decreased with the addition of EPMgMAH. Elongations at break values of the r-LDPE/TPS blends were significantly improved by using PEgMAH and EPMgMAH. Tm and Tc values have slightly affected by the compatibilizer usage in the DSC analysis. In addition, the better interfacial interaction was observed for the compatibilized blend with the PEgMAH and EPMgMAH during the SEM analysis. It was concluded that PEgMAH and EPMgMAH showed mainly changed results in elongation at break values and this is the important parameter in the packaging industry.

scholarly journals Effects of Modified Thermoplastic Starch on Crystallization Kinetics and Barrier Properties of PLA

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 4125
Author(s):  
Apoorva Kulkarni ◽  
Ramani Narayan
Keyword(s):  
Crystallization Rate ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Reactive Extrusion ◽  
Nucleating Agent ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Aqueous Environment ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Avrami Analysis ◽  
Twin Screw

This study reports on using reactive extrusion (REX) modified thermoplastic starch particles as a bio-based and biodegradable nucleating agent to increase the rate of crystallization, percent crystallinity and improve oxygen barrier properties while maintaining the biodegradability of PLA. Reactive blends of maleated thermoplastic starch (MTPS) and PLA were prepared using a ZSK-30 twin-screw extruder; 80% glycerol was grafted on the starch during the preparation of MTPS as determined by soxhlet extraction with acetone. The crystallinity of PLA was found to increase from 7.7% to 28.6% with 5% MTPS. The crystallization temperature of PLA reduced from 113 °C to 103 °C. Avrami analysis of the blends showed that the crystallization rate increased 98-fold and t1/2 was reduced drastically from 20 min to <1 min with the addition of 5% MTPS compared to neat PLA. Observation from POM confirmed that the presence of MTPS in the PLA matrix significantly increased the rate of formation and density of spherulites. Oxygen and water vapor permeabilities of the solvent-casted PLA/MTPS films were reduced by 33 and 19% respectively over neat PLA without causing any detrimental impacts on the mechanical properties (α = 0.05). The addition of MTPS to PLA did not impact the biodegradation of PLA in an aqueous environment.

Eco-friendly synthesis of biodegradable and high strength ternary blend films of PVA/starch/pectin: Mechanical, thermal and biodegradation studies

2020 ◽  
pp. 096739112097288
Author(s):  
Sohan Lal ◽  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
Sanjiv Arora
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Plastic Material ◽  
Ternary Blend ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Blend Films

The present study described reduces of plastic based non-biodegradable food packaging material and sustainability toward the environmental protection. The polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) based ternary blend biodegradable films with bio-materials (corn starch and pectin) in ratio 1:5, 1:2, 1:1 and 2:1 were synthesized by solution casting method in water as a solvent to improve the tensile strength, high % elongation at break, and sustained packaging properties. Citric acid and glycerol were used for cross-linking and plasticizing purposes which are also bio-degradable and non-toxic. Blend films were characterized by FTIR and checked out the cross-linking of different components. The dispersion of contents in films was analyzed by SEM images. Thermal stability and degradation behavior of casted films were studied with thermogravimetry and thermal stability increased in blends as compared to neat PVA film. Biodegradability of cast films was also checked by Soil Burial method and bio-degradation increased with time i.e. almost 50% degrades in 30 days and 68% after 90 days. Tensile properties of blend films were tested and found that tensile strength (18.85 MPa) and elongation at break (516%) are high in blend films as compared with neat PVA film (12.04 MPa, 170%). The films are eco-friendly and biodegradable, might be a replacement of plastic material in food packaging having improved tensile properties.

The Ternary Blends of TPS/PBAT/PLA Films: A Study on the Morphological and Mechanical Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 861 ◽  
pp. 170-175
Author(s):  
Supanut Phattarateera ◽  
Nantaya Junsook ◽  
Pramote Kumsang ◽  
Ajcharaporn Aontee ◽  
Noppadon Kerddonfag
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Ternary Blend ◽  
Ternary Blends ◽  
Binary Blend ◽  
Soil Burial Test ◽  
Soil Burial ◽  
Blend Films ◽  
Screw Design ◽  
Twin Screw

This study investigated the effect of polylactic acid (PLA) on the mechanical properties and biodegradability of a ternary blend comprising of thermoplastic starch (TPS), Polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) and PLA. The binary blend (TPS/PBAT) and ternary blend (TPS/PBAT/PLA) with various contents of PLA were prepared through a twin-screw compounding using an intensive mixing screw design. In order to observe the microstructure in blends, the SEM observation revealed the two types of morphology in the blends including (1) some TPS domain that still remained immiscible in all blends and (2) the partially compatible of binary and ternary blends. For the mechanical properties of the blends, the addition of the PLA component led to an improvement of the tensile strength and modulus. For the simple soil burial test, it found that binary film was fully disintegrated within one month, whereas the ternary blend films were also broken down but still remained in small pieces of fragile films. Finally, it can be suggested that the presence of TPS brought to the biodegradation of blends in soil burial test, while incorporating with PLA led to retardation in degradation rate.

Preparation of PLLA/OMMT Composite and its Properties

2011 ◽  
Vol 380 ◽  
pp. 265-269
Author(s):  
Rui Xia Duan ◽  
Ming Jun Niu ◽  
Kai Guo ◽  
Jin Zhou Chen ◽  
Li Yan Sui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Melt Flow ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Melt Flow Rate ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Poly(L-lactic acid ) (PLLA) /oganic montmorillonite (OMMT) composites were prepared by means of melt-mixing using a twin-screw extruder. The mechanical properties and melt flow rate of the composites were investigated, and their crystallization structure and thermal properties were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). It was shown that the tensile strength, elongation at break and bending strength of the PLLA/OMMT composites firstly increased and then reduced along with the increase of the content of OMMT. The melt flow rate of the composites was obviously improved and the crystallinity was increased. OMMT played a heterogeneous nucleation role in the composites, while it had little impact on thermal stability of the composites.

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