Technology and Properties of Composite Materials with Modifier of Chloride Aluminum

2019 ◽  
Vol 946 ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alsu A. Yusupova ◽  
Galina A. Medvedeva ◽  
Aleksandr A. Bobryshev
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Protective Coating ◽  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Material Strength ◽  
Cement Concrete ◽  
Molten Sulfur ◽  
Electrophilic Agent

The paper discusses the important issues concerning recycling of industrial sulfur waste and bottom ash. The process flow diagram was designed to form protective coatings on cement concrete by impregnation with molten sulfur, which featured high strength, performance properties and corrosion resistance. The process parameters were specified. The addition of bottom ash slag to cement concrete not only offers a means for recovering waste from thermal power stations, but also increases the material strength. Besides, the impregnation process provides low thermal conductivity for concrete while giving the material high heat insulation. A higher strength of the samples containing bottom ash slag results from a high dispersity and reactive surface of bottom ash slag. The paper investigates the influence of the electrophilic agent (aluminum chloride) on the properties of sulfur binder. It was shown that addition of aluminum chloride encouraged the formation of a more effective protective coating that gave the samples of cement concrete higher strength, density, water resistance. The electrophilic agent stimulated the synthesis process for inorganic sulfides and composite materials based on them. It was found that addition of the electrophilic agent (aluminum chloride) reduced the viscosity of molten sulfur significantly, which was attributed to the formed short-chain sulfur radicals. Such a melt has a relatively high penetration capability to ensure the formation of a high-quality protective coating.

scholarly journals High-Temperature Synthesis of Metal–Matrix Composites (Ni-Ti)-TiB2

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2426
Author(s):  
Vladimir Promakhov ◽  
Alexey Matveev ◽  
Nikita Schulz ◽  
Mikhail Grigoriev ◽  
Andrey Olisov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Metal Matrix Composite ◽  
Matrix Composite ◽  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Temperature Synthesis ◽  
High Temperature Synthesis

Currently, metal–matrix composite materials are some of the most promising types of materials, and they combine the advantages of a metal matrix and reinforcing particles/fibres. Within the framework of this article, the high-temperature synthesis of metal–matrix composite materials based on the (Ni-Ti)-TiB2 system was studied. The selected approaches make it possible to obtain composite materials of various compositions without contamination and with a high degree of energy efficiency during production processes. Combustion processes in the samples of a 63.5 wt.% NiB + 36.5 wt.% Ti mixture and the phase composition and structure of the synthesis products were researched. It has been established that the synthesis process in the samples proceeds via the spin combustion mechanism. It has been shown that self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) powder particles have a composite structure and consist of a Ni-Ti matrix and TiB2 reinforcement inclusions that are uniformly distributed inside it. The inclusion size lies in the range between 0.1 and 4 µm, and the average particle size is 0.57 µm. The obtained metal-matrix composite materials can be used in additive manufacturing technologies as ligatures for heat-resistant alloys, as well as for the synthesis of composites using traditional methods of powder metallurgy.

The Elastic Characterization of Composite Based on Ultrasonic Waves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. H. Park ◽  
J. Dana
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Fatigue Failure ◽  
Elastic Constants ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Transversely Isotropic ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Material Strength ◽  
Isotropic Composite

Abstract Anisotropic composite materials have been extensively utilized in mechanical, automotive, aerospace and other engineering areas due to high strength-to-weight ratio, superb corrosion resistance, and exceptional thermal performance. As the use of composite materials increases, determination of material properties, mechanical analysis and failure of the structure become important for the design of composite structure. In particular, the fatigue failure is important to ensure that structures can survive in harsh environmental conditions. Despite technical advances, fatigue failure and the monitoring and prediction of component life remain major problems. In general, cyclic loadings cause the accumulation of micro-damage in the structure and material properties degrade as the number of loading cycles increases. Repeated subfailure loading cycles cause eventual fatigue failure as the material strength and stiffness fall below the applied stress level. Hence, the stiffness degradation measurement can be a good indication for damage evaluation. The elastic characterization of composite material using mechanical testing, however, is complex, destructive, and not all the elastic constants can be determined. In this work, an in-situ method to non-destructively determine the elastic constants will be studied based on the time of flight measurement of ultrasonic waves. This method will be validated on an isotropic metal sheet and a transversely isotropic composite plate.

Identification of waste management strategies and waste generation factors for thermal power plant sector wastes in Turkey

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-218
Author(s):  
Cansu Demir ◽  
Ülkü Yetiş ◽  
Kahraman Ünlü
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Turkish Republic ◽  
Process Modification

Thermal power plants are of great environmental importance in terms of the huge amounts of wastes that they produce. Although there are process-wise differences among these energy production systems, they all depend on the logic of burning out a fuel and obtaining thermal energy to rotate the turbines. Depending on the process modification and the type of fuel burned, the wastes produced in each step of the overall process may change. In this study, the most expected process and non-process wastes stemming from different power generation processes have been identified and given their European Waste Codes. Giving priority to the waste minimization options for the most problematic wastes from thermal power plants, waste management strategies have been defined. In addition, by using the data collected from site visits, from the literature and provided by the Turkish Republic Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, waste generation factor ranges expressed in terms of kilogram of waste per energy produced annually (kg/MWh) have been estimated. As a result, the highest generation was found to be in fly ash (24–63 for imported coal, 200–270 for native coal), bottom ash (1.3–6 for imported coal, 42–87 for native coal) and the desulfurization wastes (7.3–32) produced in coal combustion power plants. The estimated waste generation factors carry an important role in that they aid the authorities to monitor the production wastes declared by the industries.

Design Criteria and Optimization of Heat Recovery Steam Cycles for High-Efficiency, Coal-Fired, Fischer-Tropsch Plants

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Martelli ◽  
Thomas G. Kreutz ◽  
Manuele Gatti ◽  
Paolo Chiesa ◽  
Stefano Consonni
Keyword(s):  
Heat Recovery ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Ft Synthesis ◽  
Optimization Methodology ◽  
Integrated Gasification

In this work, the “HRSC Optimizer”, a recently developed optimization methodology for the design of Heat Recovery Steam Cycles (HRSCs), Steam Generators (HRSGs) and boilers, is applied to the design of steam cycles for three interesting coal fired, gasification based, plants with CO2 capture: a Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis process with high recycle fraction of the unconverted FT gases (CTL-RC-CCS), a FT synthesis process with once-through reactor (CTL-OT-CCS), and an Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC-CCS) based on the same technologies. The analysis reveals that designing efficient HRSCs for the IGCC and the once-through FT plant is relatively straightforward, while designing the HRSC for plant CTL-RC-CCS is very challenging because the recoverable thermal power is concentrated at low temperatures (i.e., below 260 °C) and only a small fraction can be used to superheat steam. As a consequence of the improved heat integration, the electric efficiency of the three plants is increased by about 2 percentage points with respect to the solutions previously published.

Compressive Strength and Density of Cementless Unfired Lightweight Brick Utilizing Coal Ash from Coal-Fired Thermal Power Plant

2013 ◽  
Vol 594-595 ◽  
pp. 527-531
Author(s):  
Mohamad Ezad Hafez Mohd Pahroraji ◽  
Hamidah Mohd Saman ◽  
Mohamad Nidzam Rahmat ◽  
Kartini Kamaruddin ◽  
Ahmad Faiz Abdul Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Thermal Power Plant ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
The World ◽  
Blastfurnace Slag

Millions tons of coal ash which constitute of fly ash and bottom ash were produced annually throughout the world. They were significant to be developed as masonry brick to substitute the existing widely used traditional material such as clay and sand brick which were produced from depleting and dwindling natural resources. In the present study, the coal ash from coal-fired thermal power plant was used as the main raw material for the fabrication of cementless unfired lightweight brick. The binder comprising of Hydrated Lime (HL)-activated Ground Granulated Blastfurnace Slag (GGBS) system at binding ratio 30:70, 50:50 and 70:30 were used to stabilize the coal ash in the fabrication process of the brick. Foam was used to lightweight the brick. The compressive strength and ambient density were evaluated on the brick. The results indicated that the brick incorporating HL-GGBS system achieved higher strength of 20.84N/mm2 at 28 days compare to the HL system with strength of 13.98N/mm2 at 28 days. However, as the quantity of foam increase at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%, the strength and density for the brick decreased.

scholarly journals ELECTROCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR OF A COMPOSITE MATERIAL OF SOLID BIOPOLYMER ELECTROLYTE FROM CASSAVA STARCH / GRAPHENE OXIDE PREPARED AT DIFFERENT pH

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (39) ◽  
pp. 43-55
Author(s):  
Alvaro ARRIETA ◽  
Jorge MENDOZA ◽  
Manuel PALENCIA
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Solid Electrolyte ◽  
Electrochemical Behavior ◽  
Lithium Perchlorate ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Oxide Addition

Background: Composite materials make it possible to modulate the properties of the source materials and expand their technological potential. In this sense, composite materials made from solid biopolymeric electrolytes and graphene oxide can be an attractive alternative for applications in organic electronics due to their electrochemical properties. Aim: The present work aims to evaluate the electrochemical behavior of a composite material made of solid biopolymeric electrolyte of cassava starch and graphene oxide at different concentrations to determine the effect of this concentration and the pH used in the production process. Methods: The composite material was made from the use of cassava starch plasticized with glycerol, glutaraldehyde, polyethylene glycol and with lithium perchlorate as electrolytes. During the synthesis process, graphene oxide was added in different concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 1.25, 1.50, and 1.75 %w/w) to evaluate the effect of the concentration of this component. The synthesis was carried out by thermochemical method with constant heating in an oven at 75 ° C for 48 hours. Films were prepared using synthesis solutions at different pH (5.0 and 9.0). The pH was regulated by adding HCl or NaOH to the synthesis solution as appropriate. Results and Discussion: The results showed that the cassava starch biopolymeric solid electrolyte films without plasticizers were stiff and brittle, so they broke easily. The films with plasticizers and the films of the composite material were stable to the manual traction, allowing their easy manipulation without breaking. The films presented a similar electrochemical behavior in terms of oxide reduction processes; however, the films with graphene oxide presented signals with higher peak currents. Films made at pH 9.0 showed 50 % more intensity in peak currents. The addition of graphene oxide affected the current parameters and peak potentials, being more marked in the films prepared at pH 9.0; at this pH the films with concentrations of graphene oxide lower than 1.00 %w/w presented variable Ep and Ip, while at concentrations of graphene oxide greater than 1%w/w, the behavior did not show significant variations. Conclusions: The addition of graphene oxide modulates or modifies the electrochemical behavior of cassava starch biopolymeric solid electrolyte films, and the processing pH can vary the effect of the graphene oxide addition.

Composite Leaching of Thermal Power Plant Bottom Ash to Ensure Its Performance on Cement Mortar

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
Sivakumar Naganathan ◽  
Salmia Beddu ◽  
Muhammad Zulfiqar Ajmulkhan ◽  
Jegatheish Kanadasan ◽  
Zakaria Che Muda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Thermal Power Plant ◽  
Cement Mortar ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Bottom Ash
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