Influence of Raw Material Properties on Parameters of Injection Press during the Injection of Composites Based Biomass and Plastic Waste

2020 ◽  
Vol 994 ◽  
pp. 152-161
Author(s):  
Peter Križan ◽  
Jozef Bábics ◽  
Juraj Beniak ◽  
Miloš Matúš
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Concentration Ratio ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Plastic Matrix ◽  
Recycled Hdpe

The main aim of this paper is to present the research findings which come out from the experimental determination of the influence of input raw material properties and composition on the operating parameters of an injection press during the injection of biomass-plastic composites (BPC). During the injection process, important operating parameters such as injection speed, injection pressure and the temperature profile along the chamber can be recognized. In this research study, the aim was to produce BPCs of an acceptable and competitive level of quality which is determined from the final mechanical properties of BPCs. Using a variety combination of influencing variables the final quality of composites and also the operating parameters of the injection moulding press can be improved. Raw waste material variables influence, especially (a type of plastic matrix, type of biomass, particle size, moisture content) and biomass/plastic concentration ratio can be recognized during the production of composites. Their effect can be seen from the quality indicators and from the operating parameters of the injection press which has a direct impact on the production costs. The paper deals with the determination of the impact and the relationship between the input raw material variables and the operating parameters of the injection process (pressure, speed, and temperature profile). The experimental research findings were obtained using a semi-operational injection moulding press where the injection is provided by a working screw. As the input raw material, wheat straw and spruce sawdust, HDPE plastic matrix and recycled HDPE, represented by lids from PET bottles, was used. The effect of the input raw material composition was determined according to a combination and default levels of biomass/HDPE concentration ratio, using recycled HDPE instead of virgin HDPE and particle size of biomass.

scholarly journals Effect of wood particle size on the water absorption of wood-plastic composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 069-079
Author(s):  
Peter Križan ◽  
Juraj Beniak ◽  
Miloš Matúš
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Concentration Ratio ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wood Sawdust ◽  
Plastic Composites ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Plastic Matrix ◽  
Recycled Hdpe

The main aim of this paper is to present the research findings which come out from the experimental determination of the influence of input raw material properties and composition on the water absorption of wood-plastic composites. During the WPCs production, important raw material parameters such as wood sawdust particle size, wood/plastic concentration ratio or type of plastic matrix can be recognized. In this research study, the aim was to produce WPCs of an acceptable and competitive level of quality which is determined from the final mechanical properties of WPCs. Particle size of wood sawdust used for production of WPC has significant influence on mechanical properties of composites and also on other important properties (water absorption, hardness, frost resistance, etc.). Using a variety combination of influencing variables the final quality of composites and also the operating parameters of the injection molding press can be improved. Their effect can be seen from the quality indicators and from the operating parameters of the injection press which has a direct impact on the production costs. The paper deals with the determination of the impact and the relationship between the input wood sawdust particles sizes, wood/plastic concentration ratio and water absorption of composites. By side intention of authors is to determine the possibilities of waste raw materials usage. The experimental research findings were obtained using a semi-operational injection molding press where the injection is provided by a working screw. As the input raw material, spruce sawdust, HDPE plastic matrix and recycled HDPE, represented by lids from PET bottles, was used. The effect of the input wood sawdust particle size on water absorption was determined according to a combination and default levels of wood/HDPE concentration ratio, using recycled HDPE instead of virgin HDPE and particle size of wood sawdust.

scholarly journals Research in the Development and Validation of the Method of Quantitative Determination of Flavonoids in the Common Sorrel Herba, Gathered in the Altai Territory

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Kutateladze ◽  
L. M. Fedoseeva
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Alcohol Solution ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Complexation Reaction ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Development And Validation

Introduction. Common sorrel (Rumex acetosa L.) is a biennial herb from the Buckwheat family (Polygonaceae L.). In our previously studies of phenolic compounds composition of alcohol extraction and ethereal, ethyl acetate, butanol fractions of common sorrel herba and flavonoids of the flavonol group was found. From the literature sources it is known that flavonoids are one of the groups of biologically active compounds with anti-inflammatory action. In this regard, the actual task is to assess the quantitative content of flavonoids in common sorrel herba.Aim. Is the development and validation of a method for the quantitative determination of flavonoids in common sorrel herba.Materials and methods. It has been established that the flavonoid complex of common sorrel herba includes rutin, therefore, the reference sample (RS) rutin was used as a standard for calculating the amount of flavonoids. Alcohol extract of common sorrel herba and a solution of rutin RS were prepared. The complexation reaction with aluminum chloride was carried out. The resulting solutions were investigated by the method of differential spectrophotometry. The spectral characteristics of the test and standard samples were compared. Then we studied the effect of extraction conditions on the yield of flavonoids from the raw material: the extractant, the particle size of the raw material, the ratio of «raw material – extractant», temperature, frequency and duration of extraction. Purified water and ethyl alcohol of various concentrations (20%, 40%, 70%, 90%) were used as the extractant. Next, carried out the selection of the optimal conditions for the complexation reaction (the complexation reaction time, the ratio of «aliquot – aluminum chloride alcohol solution»). The method was validated according to GPM.1.1.0012.15 of the State Pharmacopoeia (SF) XIII edition and generally accepted methods for the following indicators: specificity, analytical field, linearity, accuracy, precision.Results and discussion. The optimal parameters for extracting flavonoids from raw materials were determined (threefold extraction with ethyl alcohol 70% in a water bath, the ratio of «raw material – extractant» – 1:30 for 30 minutes, the particle size of the raw material – 2.0 mm). The conditions for the complexation reaction were selected (the ratio «aliquot: aluminum chloride alcohol solution» – 1: 2.5, the complexing agent – aluminum chloride solution 5% alcohol, the appearance of a stable solution color after 40 minutes). When carrying out the validation of the developed method, it was established that the validation characteristics under study are within the acceptance criteria. When analyzing the raw materials harvested in the Altai Territory in different years, it was found that the content of flavonoids in common sorrel herba ranges from 0,596 to 0,632%.Conclusion. The optimal parameters of extraction of flavonoids from raw materials were determined, the conditions for the complexation reaction were selected, and the developed method was validated. The quantitative content of flavonoids in terms of rutin in sorrel sour grass harvested in the Altai Territory in different years has been established.

scholarly journals Parametric Study of Matisaa Gray Rock as a Potential Clinker Material

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Mwendwa Geoffrey ◽  
Motochi Isaac ◽  
Otieno Fredrick
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Saturation Factor ◽  
Clinker Production

This study aimed at evaluating Matisaa gray rock (MGR) for clinker production. MGR is naturally abundant in Matisaa, a rural area in Mwingi West District, Kitui county, Kenya. It is locally used as a gabion filler and other concrete structures with desirable physico-mechanical properties. This research employed a controlled experimental design to determine the clinker qualification of MGR. This was based on particle size analysis and raw meal moduli. The standard sieve tests and a Blaine meter were used in the determination of particle size while the raw meal moduli were determined from the respective cement oxides in MGR, which were determined using wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometer. It was observed that 69.65% of the particle size composition of MGR was less than 90 . Out of this composition, 71.60% of the particle sizes were less than 45 , contributing to a specific surface area of 292.5 . The hydraulic modulus (2.05 – 2.61) and lime saturation factor (0.87 – 0.98) are quite desirable though the silica and alumina ratios are higher than the standard range due to the low proportions of  and  content. The sulfatisation modulus is also undesirable due to the high content of . Thus, without beneficiation, Matisaa gray rock would lead to the production of low-quality clinker. However, the general parametric comparison of Matisaa gray rock with Konza shows that it has the potential for utilization as a clinker raw material.

scholarly journals Determination of Contact Angle from Raw Material Properties Using Linear Multivariable Analysis

2014 ◽  
pp. 1099-1104
Author(s):  
Arunima Sarkar ◽  
Duygu Kocaefe ◽  
Yasar Kocaefe ◽  
Dipankar Bhattacharyay ◽  
Brigitte Morais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Raw Material

scholarly journals Pregelatinized Starch: Variability in Gelatinization and its Influence on Product Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-149
Author(s):  
Saravanan D ◽  
Prakash Muthudoss ◽  
Praveen Khullar ◽  
Rose Venis A
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Product Performance ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Tablet Disintegration ◽  
Pregelatinized Starch ◽  
Starch Retrogradation

Starch and its derivatives are one of the significant excipients used in the pharmaceutical formulations due to their multi-purpose functionalities. The purpose of this study is two-fold: (1) Firstly, to propose a systematic approach in understanding the material properties of a starch derivative (pregelatinised starch/PGS) using analytical ‘toolbox’ as part of ‘alternative supplier sourcing’, and secondly (2) To demonstrate the effect of PGS from different vendors on the tablet disintegration using model formulations. Contextually, a two-tier characterisation procedure is generally considered as a prerequisite for establishing the sameness of the material obtained either from different batches or from various vendors.  Primarily, the sameness between typical quality-control tests and compendial requirements are to be established. If similar, then sameness between the functional characteristics is to be established. In this context, the PGS from two vendors met the specifications, and there were no differences for the test results in the certificates of analysis. However, when subjected to functionality assessment, the two lots were found to be distinctly different. The influence of the functional property variations was further exemplified from viscosity results of raw material. Furthermore, this difference was even more evident when the model formulations were subjected to disintegration testing. The similarity in compendial tests but significant differences in functionality characteristics for the PGS of two vendors can be unravelled by considering variations in particle size, crystallinity, starch retrogradation and these changes are potentially attributed to the differences in the gelatinisation procedures adopted by the vendors.

scholarly journals Determination of Contact Angle from Raw Material Properties Using Linear Multivariable Analysis

2014 ◽  
pp. 1099-1104
Author(s):  
Arunima Sarkar ◽  
Duygu Kocaefe ◽  
Yasar Kocaefe ◽  
Dipankar Bhattacharyay ◽  
Brigitte Morais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Raw Material

XBroad: program for extracting basic microstructure information from X-ray diffraction patterns in few clicks

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 594-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeljko Skoko ◽  
Jasminka Popovic ◽  
Kresimir Dekanic ◽  
Vladimir Kolbas ◽  
Stanko Popovic
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Strain Analysis ◽  
Line Broadening ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Particle Size And Shape ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

XBroadis a public domain program designed for easy determination of basic microstructural information from powder X-ray diffraction data. Nowadays, preparation of nanomaterials with controlled particle size and shape has been found to be essential for tailoring the desired material properties, so a quick and effective line broadening analysis is an imperative. Although the methods implemented in the program are considered to be `traditional' ones, the authors believe that the program will provide a very fast platform for non-crystallographers working in the field of materials science, as well as for students learning the basics of size–strain analysis.

DETERMINATION OF FATTY ACIDS COMPONENTS COMPOSITION IN THYMUS X CIRIODORUS VAR. «SILVER QUEEN» HERBAL RAW MATERIAL

Fitoterapia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
J. M. Steshenko ◽  
◽  
O. V. Мazulin ◽  
G. P. Smoylovska ◽  
G. V. Mazulin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Raw Material

Storage Problems of Poplar Chips from Short Rotation Plantations with Special Emphasis on Fungal Development

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Horváth ◽  
Béla Marosvölgyi ◽  
Christine Idler ◽  
Ralf Pecenka ◽  
Hannes Lenz
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Fungal Development ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Fungal Particles

Abstract - There are several problems in storing wood chips freshly harvested from short rotation plantations, which result in quality losses as well as in dry matter and energy losses. The factors influencing the degradation of raw material are examined in this paper with special focus on fungal development. An excessive growth of fungi is connected to dry matter losses and also to an increased health risk during raw material handling. The following factors were measured during 6 months storage of poplar wood chips depending on particle size: box temperature, moisture content, pH-value, appearance of fungi in the storage and the concentration of fungal particles in the air. The results show a close connection between particle size, temperature and attack of fungi. During the storage mesophilic and termophilic species of the genera Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Mucor and Penicillium appeared. The concentration of fungal particles is the highest for fine chips and decreases in bigger particles. There was a special focus on the investigation of the properties of coarse chips (G 50), which represent a good compromise between handling, storage losses and health risk due to fungal development.

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