Effects of Sintering Temperature and Cooling Rate on Mechanical Properties of Powder Injection Molded 316L Stainless Steel

This research presents the effects of temperature and cooling rate on mechanical properties of powder injection molded 316L Stainless steel. Steel powder and binder were mixed together to produce the feedstock. The green samples were produced by injection molding and debinded. Brown test samples were sintered in vacuum at 1325°C, 1360°C and 1380°C for 2h with two heating and cooling rates 5°C/min and 10°C/ min. The test samples sintered at 1325°C achieved maximum sintered density. The higher cooling rate improved the strength of the sintered test samples. The maximum sintered density of 96% and tensile strength of 503MPa was achieved and these results are comparable to the wrought 316L stainless steel (according to ASTM standard).

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Effects of cooling rate on mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of vacuum sintered powder injection molded 316L stainless steel

Journal of Materials Processing Technology ◽

10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2011.08.019 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 212 (1) ◽

pp. 164-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

M. Rafi Raza ◽

Faiz Ahmad ◽

M.A. Omar ◽

R.M. German

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Stainless Steel ◽

Corrosion Resistance ◽

Cooling Rate ◽

316L Stainless Steel ◽

Powder Injection ◽

Sintered Powder ◽

Injection Molded ◽

Mechanical Properties And Corrosion

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Effects of solid loading and cooling rate on the mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of powder injection molded 316 L stainless steel

Powder Technology ◽

10.1016/j.powtec.2015.11.063 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 289 ◽

pp. 135-142 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Muhammad Rafi Raza ◽

Faiz Ahmad ◽

Norhamidi Muhamad ◽

Abu Bakar Sulong ◽

M.A. Omar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Stainless Steel ◽

Cooling Rate ◽

Corrosion Behavior ◽

Powder Injection ◽

Solid Loading ◽

316 L Stainless Steel ◽

Injection Molded ◽

Mechanical Properties And Corrosion

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Role of Debinding to Control Mechanical Properties of Powder Injection Molded 316L Stainless Steel

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.699.875 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 699 ◽

pp. 875-882 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Muhammad Rafi Raza ◽

Faiz Ahmad ◽

M.A. Omar ◽

R.M. German ◽

Ali S. Muhsan

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Stainless Steel ◽

Corrosion Resistance ◽

Injection Molding ◽

316L Stainless Steel ◽

Low Cost ◽

Microstructural Analysis ◽

Powder Injection ◽

Laboratory Furnace ◽

Injection Molded

316L stainless steel is widely used in various industries due to low cost, ease of availability and exceptional combination of mechanical properties along with corrosion resistance as compared to the other available metal alloys. In powder injection molding, debinding is very critical step and improper debinding can change the final properties dramatically. In the present study, affects of debinding on mechanical properties of powder injection molded 316L stainless steel were studied. The prepared feedstocks were molded according to MPIF 50 standard using vertical injection molding machine (KSA100). The plastic binder was removed at 450°C from the molded test samples using two different furnaces i.e. commercial and laboratory furnace followed by the sintering in vacuum, hydrogen, mixture of H2 and N2 (9:1) and nitrogen at 1325°C for 2hr with post sintering cooling rate 3°C/min . Test samples debound in commercially available furnace showed 97% densification and higher mechanical properties. The corrosion resistance was reduced due to presence of residual carbon during thermal debinding. The presence of carbon and formation of carbides and nitrides were confirmed by XRD and microstructural analysis. The results showed that the test samples debound in commercial furnace showed brittle behavior due to the presence of carbides and nitrides. Test samples sintered in N2 showed 96.3% density and tensile strength 751MPa. This value of strength is twice as compared to the sample debound in laboratory furnace followed by the sintering in vacuum. The achieved mechanical properties in vacuum sintered samples were comparable to the wrought 316L stainless steel (according to ASTM standard).

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A Study on the Optimization of Solvent Debinding Process for Powder Injection Molded 316L Stainless Steel Parts

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1133.324 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1133 ◽

pp. 324-328 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Muhammad Aslam ◽

Faiz Ahmad ◽

P.S.M. Bm-Yousoff ◽

Khurram Altaf ◽

Afian Omar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stainless Steel ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Scanning Electron Microscope ◽

316L Stainless Steel ◽

Research Work ◽

Powder Injection ◽

Blade Mixer ◽

Injection Molded ◽

Debinding Process ◽

Scanning Electron

Optimization of solvent debinding process parameters for powder injection molded 316L stainless steel (SS) has been reported in this research work. Powder gas atomized (PGA) 316L SS was blended with a multicomponent binder in Z-blade mixer at 170°C ± 5°C for 90 minutes. Feedstock was successfully injected at temperature 170 ± 5°C. Injection molded samples were immersed in n-heptane for 2h, 4h, 6h and 8h at temperatures 50°C ,55°C and 60°C to extract the soluble binder components. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) results attested that soluble binder components were completely extracted from injection molded samples at temperature 55°C after 6h.

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Microstructure, Hardness, and Wear Resistance of Powder-Injection-Molded Products of Fe-Based Metamorphic Powders

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.26-28.355 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 26-28 ◽

pp. 355-358

Author(s):

Chang Kyu Kim ◽

Chang Young Son ◽

Dae Jin Ha ◽

Tae Sik Yoon ◽

Sung Hak Lee

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Stainless Steel ◽

Wear Resistance ◽

Injection Molding ◽

Powder Injection Molding ◽

Powder Injection ◽

Thermally Stable ◽

Austenitic Matrix ◽

Amorphous Phases ◽

Injection Molded

Powder injection molding (PIM) process was applied to Fe-based metamorphic alloy powders, and microstructure, hardness, and wear resistance of the PIM products were analyzed and compared with those of conventional PIM stainless steel products. When Fe-based metamorphic powders were injection-molded and then sintered at 1200 oC, completely densified products with almost no pores were obtained. They contained 34 vol.% of (Cr,Fe)2B borides dispersed in the austenitic matrix without amorphous phases. Since these (Cr,Fe)2B borides were very hard and thermally stable, hardness, and wear resistance of the PIM products of Fe-based metamorphic powders were twice as high as those of conventional PIM stainless steel products. Such property improvement suggested new applicability of the PIM products of Fe-based metamorphic powders to structures and parts requiring excellent mechanical properties.

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Warm Compacting Behaviors and Sintering Performance of 316L Stainless Steel Powder

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.538-541.1088 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 538-541 ◽

pp. 1088-1091

Author(s):

Mei Yuan Ke

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Stainless Steel ◽

316L Stainless Steel ◽

Sintered Density ◽

Steel Powder ◽

Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽

Green Density ◽

Cold Compaction ◽

Warm Compaction ◽

Made In

Warm compacting behavior and sintering performance of 316L stainless steel powders were studied. Results showed that green density and strength of samples made in warm compaction were much higher than that in cold compaction. Under pressure of 700MPa, green density and strength in warm compaction were 7.01 g•cm-3and 30.7MPa, which were higher than cold compaction by 0.19 g•cm-3and 10.7MPa. When sintered in hydrogen-nitrogen atmosphere for 60 minutes, sintered density, tensile strength and elongation all increased with the rise of sintering temperature. At 1300°C, Sintered density, tensile strength and elongation were 7.42 g•cm-3, 545MPa, 28.0%, respectively.

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