Influence of the Materials Combination for the Surface Temperature of the Bimetallic Wire Deformed in the Cold Drawing Process

2015 ◽  
Vol 226 ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Dariusz Halaczek ◽  
Eugeniusz Hadasik
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
True Strain ◽  
Cold Drawing ◽  
Longitudinal Section ◽  
Drawing Process ◽  
Drawing Die ◽  
Thermographic Camera ◽  
Mathematical Formulas ◽  
The Cross

The article discusses the mathematical and practical methodology for evaluating the temperature on the surface of bimetallic wire after deformation in the drawing die. The components of bimetallic wire on the cross-section are the following materials: - a core, brass M63 (CuZn37) - shell M1E copper (Cu – ETP), - a core, aluminum Al (A199, 5) - shell M1E copper (Cu – ETP). An outer layer (shell) in such combinations is always a copper with two different thicknesses of 1.5 mm and 0.5 mm, which means that the proportion of copper on the cross section of the bimetal was respectively 64% and 32%. The bimetallic wires samples used for measurements were obtained by mechanical cladding. In the first step of the process, the cooper tubes M1E were put on the aluminium and brass wires M63, and then in a second step, each set combination was subjected to a simultaneous deformation with a total true strain φlc~ 1. Thus obtained the bimetal wires were the blank material for determining the surface temperature. In the drawing process there were used two different drawing speeds, and for each was applied the two individual size of deformation of 15% and 30%. The temperature on the surface of the layered wire depending on the single deformation and drawing speed was determined using a thermographic camera and it was also calculated according to mathematical formulas. The article discusses the preliminary results necessary to conduct further deliberations on the temperature decomposition on the longitudinal section of the bimetallic wire deformed in the drawing die.

The Influence of the Components of the Bimetallic Tubes for the Way of Deforming in the Hollow Drawing Process

2016 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Halaczek ◽  
Eugniusz Hadasik
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
True Strain ◽  
Cold Drawing ◽  
Drawing Process ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Bimetallic Tube ◽  
Plastic Properties ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Individual

Processes for producing bimetallic tubes can be divided for: producing the bimetallic tubes in the cold process, with preheating or with the heat treatment after each pull. First method relates to the metal with high ductility (copper, copper alloys, aluminum, aluminum alloys, zinc, etc.), second to the metals or bi-metal components, in one of which has significantly different plastic properties from the second for example: low-carbon steel, high alloy steel, etc. One of the methods for the production of bimetallic tubes is hollow cold drawing process. In this process the wall thickness is changed, which means the wall becomes thicker, the wall becomes thinner or remains unchanged. The aim of the research was to determine the effect of the influence of the share of components of bimetallic cooper tube species M1E, and the copper tube - species M63 in the arrangement M1E - M63 and M63 - M1E in the tubes hollow drawing process for the distribution and size of deformation of the individual layers. The research program included:- production of the bimetallic tubes by hollow drawing with a different percentage of the cross-section components and with a variable arrangement of layers,- determination of the size and distribution of true strain of the individual layers on the cross-section of bimetallic tube,- determination of replacement/equivalent strain for the deformable wall of the bimetallic tube,- evaluation of the usability of the graph of changes in thickness of the tube wall in the hollow drawing process for the drawing process of the bimetallic tubes.

scholarly journals Influences of Spillway Section Morphologies on Landslide Dam Breaching

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Yang ◽  
Qiming Zhong ◽  
Shengyao Mei ◽  
Yibo Shan
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Landslide Dam ◽  
Longitudinal Section ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Slope Ratio ◽  
Dam Breach ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Dam Breaching ◽  
Bottom Width ◽  
The Cross

Spillway excavation is often adopted as a precautionary engineering measure for disaster mitigation before landslide dam breaching. Based on the landslide dam breach mechanisms, this paper focuses on developing a numerical model to comprehensively discuss the issue based on three documented landslide dam failures, such as Tangjiashan, Xiaogangjian, and Baige landslide dams. The spillway cross section morphologies were modeled with different sizes under common shape (i.e., an inverted trapezoid) and slope conditions. The influence of cross section on dam breach processes was analyzed under conditions of different depth, bottom width, slope ratio in the cross and longitudinal sections, with/without spillway. The following conclusions can be drawn: 1) excavation of a spillway can effectively reduce the peak breach flow, therefore delay the time to peak; 2) the peak breach flow dramatically decreases and the time to peak delays as the spillway depth increases; 3) the peak breach flow changes little and the time to peak occurs earlier with the increment in spillway bottom width; 4) the peak breach flow decreases and the time to peak delays with the decrease of slope ratio in cross section in the spillway; 5) the slope ratio in the longitudinal section has little influence on the breach process. Hence, if conditions permit, the spillway with large spillway depth, small bottom width, and gentle slope ratio in the cross section is the preferable section morphology for the emergency disposal of the landslide dam.

scholarly journals Relationship of shear wave elastography anisotropy with tumor stem cells and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoling Leng ◽  
Rexida Japaer ◽  
Haijian Zhang ◽  
Mila Yeerlan ◽  
Fucheng Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Shear Wave ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Longitudinal Section ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Background This study is to examine the feasibility of shear wave elastography (SWE) anisotropy in assessing the prognosis of breast cancer. Methods We enrolled 119 breast cancer patients from January 2017 to October 2019. SWE was performed before operation. Emax (maximum elasticity value), Emean (average elasticity value), Esd (standard deviation of the lesion elasticity value), Eratio (elasticity value of adipose tissue), anisotropy coefficient and difference were recorded. After operation, we collected clinical pathological data, and performed immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR tests on CD44, CD24, E-cadherin, β-catenin, vimentin and N-cadherin. Finally, we analyzed the correlation among parameters of SWE, anisotropy and clinicopathology, and markers of CSCs (cancer stem cells) and EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition). Results Emax, Emean and Esd of the cross section were higher than those of the longitudinal section. Breast cancer with a higher elastic modulus was often accompanied by a hyperechoic halo, which was manifested as mixed echo and post-echo attenuation, and was accompanied by a higher BI-RADS (breast imaging reporting and data system) classification. When breast cancer had hyperechoic halo and weakened posterior echo, SWE of the lesion showed more obvious anisotropy. In addition, larger diameter of the longitudinal section indicated higher stiffness of the cross section. Correlation analysis showed that E-cadherin was negatively correlated with SWE in longitudinal section. CD44, N-cadherin, β-catenin were positively correlated with SWE in longitudinal and cross sections. Vimentin and CD24 had no correlation with SWE parameters. Conclusion SWE of breast cancer is anisotropic. The cross-sectional SWE is better than the longitudinal SWE, Emax is better than Emean, the anisotropy of SWE is better than SWE, and the anisotropy factor is better than the anisotropy difference.

scholarly journals Influencing Variables of Drawing Process using Magnesium Tubes

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 598-601
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Tube Wall ◽  
Drawing Process ◽  
Spring Back ◽  
Bending Angle ◽  
Tube Wall Thickness ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Back Angle ◽  
Thinning Rate

The present work examines the deformation of magnesium tubes using drawing process. During examination, absence of wrinkling and cracking is witnessed at 303k. The effect of mandrel on the cross section of the extruded tubes, wall thickness and spring-back of the bent tube are vividly discussed. Results show that presence of mandrel decreases the cross section of distortion and the spring back angle. Further, the present investigation clarifies the thinning rate of tube wall thickness. It is found that at the bending angle of 90° largest distortion is witnessed.

A STUDY ON NON-MANDREL DRAWING PROCESS OF A RECTANGULAR TUBE FROM CIRCULAR CROSS-SECTION

2008 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
G. Z. QUAN ◽  
J. ZHOU ◽  
Z. X. MEN ◽  
Y. TONG
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Rectangular Cross Section ◽  
Circular Cross Section ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Drawing Process ◽  
Drawing Die ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Rectangular Tube ◽  
Section Profile ◽  
Influence Curve

Non-mandrel drawing process is available for producing aluminum tube with rectangular cross-section. The corresponding dynamics and finite element models were developed based on FEM software during the investigation. The influence curve of different semi-die angle on drawing load was achieved, and a proper value a2 = 11° was found. When tube blank instability occurred during drawing, the stress along the section profile increased substantially. Thus the drawing die sizing section got optimized with β = 178° to prevent blank instability. Then the touch-stress distribution of three key points was evaluated for selecting proper lubricant. Finally, the tube drawing experiments were performed to verify the effectiveness of the appropriate die.

scholarly journals Study of the effect of the application of the double finish drawing die on the plastic properties of steel high carbon wire

2019 ◽  
pp. 112-117
Author(s):  
V. A. Evdonich ◽  
Yu. L. Bobarikin ◽  
Yu. V. Martianov ◽  
T. A. Akhmetov
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Wire Drawing ◽  
Plastic Properties ◽  
Effective Stresses ◽  
Drawing Die ◽  
The Wire ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Numerical Finite Element

The possibility of application of the double finishing drawing die at the stage of fine-drawing in the manufacture of steel metal cord 2x0 30SHT is сontemplated. As a result of the performed studies, a numerical finite element model of wire drawing in a serial finishing single fiber and in an experimental double finishing fiber has been developed. The obtained distribution of effective plastic deformation in the wire during drawing shows that when drawing in a double fiber, there is a higher uniformity of deformation in the direction of the radius of the wire along the cross section located at the outlet of the die. The distribution of effective stresses in the wire when drawing shows that when drawing in a double fiber, there is a more uniform distribution of effective stresses in the direction of the radius of the wire along the cross section located at the outlet of the die.Further experimental tests performed at the drawing mill NT 12.4 in StPC-1 showed that the use of double dies allowed to increase the plastic properties of the wire 0.30 SHT, manifested in technological tests by increasing the number of reversible twists of the wire from 7 to 78 and reducing the ratio of yield strength to tensile strength decreased from 95 to 91.

Analysis of Stress and Strain in the Equal Channel Angular Drawing Process

2006 ◽  
Vol 526 ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier León ◽  
C.J. Luis-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Strain ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Wire Drawing ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Drawing Process ◽  
The Cross ◽  
High Plastic Strain ◽  
High Plastic

The equal channel angular drawing (ECAD) process is an innovative method to obtain materials with high plastic strain in a continuous way. This deformation is higher than the deformation achieved by a conventional wire drawing process, for the same reduction of the cross section, so if an adequate thermal treatment is employed later, it could be possible to obtain an initial material with high value that could be useful in conventional manufacturing processes. This process consists in drawing a material through a die where two circular channels intersect at an angle between 90º and 135º. In this work a study using finite element of the plastic strain and the stresses that appear for one aluminium alloy AA-1370 has been carried out. Two ECAD passes have been made, where for the second pass the billet has been rotated 180º along the longitudinal axis. Finally, a calibrated pass has been carried out in order to obtain the billet with homogeneous dimensions in all the cross section. All the simulations have been calculated at room temperature and by using good conditions of lubrication. In order to perform the FEM simulations, a three dimensional geometry has been used. To analyze by FEM the second ECAD pass and the calibration pass, the deformations and stresses achieved in the previous passes have been taken into consideration. This has been done with the aim of achieving higher accuracy. Moreover, a comparative analysis with experimental results has been carried out.

A New Approach to the Demonstration of Oxidase-Localization Using Tannic Acid Or Catechin

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 698-699
Author(s):  
V. Mizuhira ◽  
Y. Futaesaku
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Elastic Fiber ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Tissue Block ◽  
Active Reaction ◽  
The Cross

Previously we reported that tannic acid is a very effective fixative for proteins including polypeptides. Especially, in the cross section of microtubules, thirteen submits in A-tubule and eleven in B-tubule could be observed very clearly. An elastic fiber could be demonstrated very clearly, as an electron opaque, homogeneous fiber. However, tannic acid did not penetrate into the deep portion of the tissue-block. So we tried Catechin. This shows almost the same chemical natures as that of proteins, as tannic acid. Moreover, we thought that catechin should have two active-reaction sites, one is phenol,and the other is catechole. Catechole site should react with osmium, to make Os- black. Phenol-site should react with peroxidase existing perhydroxide.

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