scholarly journals Study of the effect of the application of the double finish drawing die on the plastic properties of steel high carbon wire

Author(s):  
V. A. Evdonich ◽  
Yu. L. Bobarikin ◽  
Yu. V. Martianov ◽  
T. A. Akhmetov

The possibility of application of the double finishing drawing die at the stage of fine-drawing in the manufacture of steel metal cord 2x0 30SHT is сontemplated. As a result of the performed studies, a numerical finite element model of wire drawing in a serial finishing single fiber and in an experimental double finishing fiber has been developed. The obtained distribution of effective plastic deformation in the wire during drawing shows that when drawing in a double fiber, there is a higher uniformity of deformation in the direction of the radius of the wire along the cross section located at the outlet of the die. The distribution of effective stresses in the wire when drawing shows that when drawing in a double fiber, there is a more uniform distribution of effective stresses in the direction of the radius of the wire along the cross section located at the outlet of the die.Further experimental tests performed at the drawing mill NT 12.4 in StPC-1 showed that the use of double dies allowed to increase the plastic properties of the wire 0.30 SHT, manifested in technological tests by increasing the number of reversible twists of the wire from 7 to 78 and reducing the ratio of yield strength to tensile strength decreased from 95 to 91.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiqiao Xu

With the continuous improvement of bridge span, high-strength steel wire suspenders are more and more widely used in arch bridges. Because metals are thermodynamically unstable, most metals will corrode at a different speed. Especially with the increase of bridge operation time, the suspender steel wire will be corroded under the coupling effect of external environment and internal temperature and humidity. By taking Wanganshi Fuhe Bridge as the engineering example, this study established a numerical finite element model to simulate the variation of temperature in the cross section of the suspender. Then, the distribution of humidity in the cross section in the suspender under the influence of temperature can be obtained. Finally, the corrosion rate of the suspender and the residual diameter after corrosion at different operating years were calculated. Based on the analysis results, the performance of the suspender is divided into different grades which can be used to guide the maintenance and replacement of the suspender of the arch bridge by the bridge maintenance and management department.


2012 ◽  
Vol 591-593 ◽  
pp. 850-853
Author(s):  
Huai Xing Wen ◽  
Yong Tao Yang

Drawing Dies meter A / D acquisition module will be collected from the mold hole contour data to draw a curve in Matlab. According to the mold pore structure characteristics of the curve, the initial cut-off point of each part of contour is determined and iteratived optimization to find the best cut-off point, use the least squares method for fitting piecewise linear and fitting optimization to find the function of the various parts of the curve function, finally calculate the pass parameters of drawing mode. Parameters obtained compare with the standard mold, both of errors are relatively small that prove the correctness of the algorithm. Also a complete algorithm flow of pass parameters is designed, it can fast and accurately measure the wire drawing die hole parameters.


2018 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 04004
Author(s):  
Markus Baumann ◽  
Alexander Graf ◽  
René Selbmann ◽  
Katrin Brömmelhoff ◽  
Verena Kräusel ◽  
...  

Torsion bars are used in automotive engineering as well as in other industrial applications. Such elements are produced by bending cold drawn wires. In conventional drawing processes tensile residual stresses occur near the surface of the wire. Small bending radii, which are required in limited assembly spaces, result in component failure due to reduced formability. Additional operations such as heat treatment or shot peening are necessary to influence the residual stress of the wire and to improve the dynamic stability of the torsion bar. The aim of the research is to reduce tensile residual stresses near the surface of the wire in order to eliminate process steps and to enhance formability. Therefore, a forming technology is developed by using a modified drawing die geometry on the basis of gradation extrusion. Finite element simulation is used to investigate the influences of element geometry, number of elements and process modification on the resulting residual stresses after wire drawing of a steel alloy. The results are evaluated and compared with the conventional wire drawing process. Furthermore, the requirements for the design of an experimental test device will be outlined as well as the measurement of the residual stresses by using X-ray diffraction.


1876 ◽  
Vol 24 (164-170) ◽  
pp. 1-32

When any portion of a conducting-wire which joins the two poles of a voltaic battei'y is increased in size, the resistance of the circuit is diminished and a greater current flows through the wire ; and as any increase in the cross section of any portion of the wire causes a corre­sponding increase in the current, it is clear that there is no part of the conducting-wire through which some portion of the current does not flow from the one pole to the other; and the outer boundary of such a wire will be a line of flow. A line of flow is a line drawn in a conductor which indicates at every point of it the direction of the current at that point. A portion of the conductor completely enclosed by lines of flow may be termed a tube of flow.


2016 ◽  
Vol 870 ◽  
pp. 620-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.I. Platov ◽  
V.A. Nekit ◽  
N.N. Ogarkov

The thermal regime of rolling in the finishing block of stands and the cooling path after rolling largely determines the mechanical properties of the wire rod. One of the main challenges that must be addressed in the cooling design phase is reduction of temperature non-uniformity over the cross section of a wire rod. The use of adjustable cooling allows getting closer in finishing rolling mill to the regimes of the controlled rolling, thermo mechanical processing and two-phase rolling, which greatly extend the capabilities of the mill in the obtaining of high consumer properties of products. The paper presents the theory and experimental analysis of controlled cooling after rolling in the finishing rolling mill, with the aim to rise temperature heterogeneity over the cross section of the wire rod.


2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrício Anderson Carvalho Almeida ◽  
Anna Paula Costa Ponte Sousa Carvalho Almeida ◽  
Flávia Lucisano Botelho Amaral ◽  
Roberta Tarkany Basting ◽  
Fabiana Mantovani Gomes França ◽  
...  

Abstract Objective: This study investigated the effect of the condition of lubrication on the friction between brackets and NiTi archwires of different rounded cross-sections. Methods: Brackets (Roth, GAC) were affixed to a device connected to a universal testing machine into which segments of archwire were placed (NiTi, Nitinol, GAC) with cross-sections of 0.012-in, 0.016-in and 0.020-in. Once the wire was in the bracket slot, the following lubricants were applied: human saliva (HS: positive control), distilled water (DI), mucin-based (MUC) or carboxymethylcellulose-based (CMC) artificial saliva. In the negative control group, no lubricant was used. The combination between the wire cross-sections and the lubrication condition generated 15 groups with 15 samples each. Data were submitted to two-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s test. Results: There was no significant interaction between the wire cross-section and the condition of lubrication (p= 0.901). Irrespective of whether lubricants were used or not, there was a significant increase in friction with an increase in the cross-section of the wire (p< 0.001). For any wire, the group tested in the presence of MUC was not different from that in which HS was applied. On the other hand, when the application of lubricants was suppressed, significantly higher friction values were observed. The CMC group and the DI group demonstrated intermediate behavior. Conclusions: Friction increased with the increase of the cross-section of the NiTi archwire, but regardless of the archwire, friction with MUC artificial saliva was similar to that of HS and lower than in dry conditions.


2021 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
V. A. Kharitonov ◽  
M. Yu. Usanov

Drawing in monolithic draw dies is the primary and often nonalternative pressure metal treatment (PMT) method used in the wire manufacture for various purposes both in our country and abroad. Its effectiveness largely depends on the wire diameter and properties. Thus, when drawing wire of large diameters (>8.0 mm) from high-carbon steels (high-tensile reinforcing wire, spring wire, etc.), the stability of the process and the probability of metal fraction decreases. The use of classic roller draw dies increases the strain uniformity along the wire cross-section, reduces the force and multiplicity of drawing. However, the «circle-shaped section-circle» roller gauge system used in this process leads to a more complicated process, and most importantly, to a significant increase in production costs. In this paper, a comparative analysis of the drawing efficiency of a round billet with a diameter of 16.00 mm from steel grade 80 into a wire with a diameter of 14.25 mm (strain degree 21%) in one step in the classic monolithic draw die and roller draw dies: three-roller draw die with a spatially closed round gauge and three-roller draw die of radial shear strain. The latter is comparable to the well-known radial-shear rolling. The difference is that the energy is introduced into the deformation zone by applying a front pulling force, and the idler rollers rotate around the wire with a special drive. The authors used finite element modeling in the Deform-3d software package. The deformed state in processes with linear tensile strain was estimated by the distribution of the accumulated strain degree in the billet cross-section, and in processes with torsion – by the change in the curvature of the line applied to the side surface of the billet. The power parameters were determined in Deform-3d in the coordinates: drawing force – time of billet movement. The stress state was determined by the hydrostatic stress on the wire axis and the Cockcroft-Latham fracture criterion. It is established that the wire strain in a monolithic draw die is characterized by a significant strain inhomogeneity across the cross-section, monotonous flow, high energy consumption, and the wire collapsibility, especially of the mid-layers. The use of draw dies with a spatially closed round gauge reduces the drawing force by about 40%, reduces the degree of strain inhomogeneity along the cross-section, and increases the degree of accumulated strain. The radial-shear strain drawing significantly increases the degree of accumulated strain and provides grain grinding, especially in the surface layers of the wire.


2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Li ◽  
L. Zhou ◽  
X. Hua ◽  
D. W. Herrin

Openings in enclosures or walls are frequently the dominant path for sound propagation. In the current work, a transfer matrix method is used to predict the transmission loss of apertures assuming that the cross-sectional dimensions are small compared with an acoustic wavelength. Results are compared with good agreement to an acoustic finite element approach in which the loading on the source side of the finite element model (FEM) is a diffuse acoustic field applied by determining the cross-spectral force matrix of the excitation. The radiation impedance for both the source and termination is determined using a wavelet algorithm. Both approaches can be applied to leaks of any shape and special consideration is given to apertures with varying cross section. Specifically, cones and abrupt area changes are considered, and it is shown that the transmission loss can be increased by greater than 10 dB at many frequencies.


Author(s):  
V. Sovgira ◽  
V. Sovgira

В статье приведены результаты выполненных исследований механизма интенсивности развития деструкций, псевдопластического деформирования и разрушения однородно и неоднородно сжатого тяжелого бетона призменной прочностью в диапазоне fc1522,265,6 МПа при мягком и жестком режиме нагружения одноосно и внецентренно сжатых бетонных колонн. Выполнен анализ литературных источников с исследованиями изменения упруго-пластических характеристик vc, Еcsek тяжелого бетона с учетом влияния значимых факторов и их изменение с увеличением уровня нагрузки при описании зависимости c-cх и c,е - cх,е. Установлено, что рекомендованные Строительными Нормами vcи и Ес одноосно сжатого бетона количественно и качественно не отражают характер изменения упруго-пластических свойств неоднородно сжатого бетона с ростом уровня нагрузки. Предложены аналитические выражения зависимости изменения коэффициентов упругости (vc, vc,е), секущих модулей упругости (Еcsek, Еc,еsek) и коэффициентов интенсивности развития деструкций (KD, KD,е) однородно и неоднородно сжатого бетона с ростом уровня нагрузки при мягком и жестком режиме нагружения исследованных серий тяжелого бетона с использованием сlx сlx,е Ес Nc,e/Ncu,e сu и сu,е, отражающих процесс изменения упруго-пластических свойств бетона на восходящих и нисходящих участках полных диаграмм деформирования бетона и их существенное отличие при центральном и внецентренном сжатии. Исследованиями отмечено, что интенсивность развития деструкций в структуре неоднородно нагруженного бетона существенно ниже, чем в одноосно сжатом. Экспериментами установлено характерное изменение по высоте сечения внецентренно сжатых бетонных элементов коэффициента поперечных деформаций , свидетельствующее о том, что с увеличением уровня нагрузки коэффициент наиболее сжатой фибры на всех уровнях нагрузки, значительно (в 1,21,5 раза) меньше волокон менее нагруженных фибр. Отмеченное свойство обусловлено изменением внутреннего напряженного состояния с ростом нагрузки и перераспределением напряжений силовыми связями структуры неоднородно сжатого бетона с субмикро- и микроуровней волокон наиболее нагруженной грани по высоте сечения внецентренно сжатых элементов на менее нагруженные волокна. Этот процесс перераспределения напряжений по высоте сечения бетонных колонн как свойство проявляется на изменении поперечной деформации cу,е и, как следствие изменения коэффициента поперечной деформации , влияющего на напряженное состояние сжатой зоны подобно внутренним силовым связям, обеспечивающим существенное повышение максимальных напряжений и деформаций в неоднородно сжатом бетоне.The article presents the results of studies of the intensity of development of destructions, pseudoplastic deformation and destruction of uniformly and non-uniformly compressed heavy concrete with prism strength in the range of fc1522,265,6 MPa in the soft and hard loading mode of uniaxially and eccentrically compressed concrete columns. The analysis of literary sources with studies of changes in the elastic-plastic characteristics of vc, Еcsek heavy concrete, taking into account the influence of significant factors and their change with increasing load level when describing the dependence c-cх and c,е - cх,е . It has been established that the vcu and Ес recommended by the Building Norms of uniaxially compressed concrete do not quantitatively and qualitatively reflect the nature of the change in the elastic-plastic properties of non-uniformly compressed concrete with increasing load levels. Analytical expressions are proposed for the dependence of the change in elasticity coefficients (vc, vc,е), cross-section elastic modulus (Еcsek, Еc,еsek) and the intensity factors for the development of destructions (KD, KD,е) of uniformly and non-uniformly compressed concrete and hard loading mode of the studied series of heavy concrete using: сlx сlx,е Ес Nc,e/Ncu,e сu and сu,е , reflecting the process of changing the elastic-plastic properties of concrete in the ascending and descending parts of the complete concrete deformation diagrams and their significant difference under uniaxial and eccentrically compression. Studies have noted that the intensity of the development of destructions in the structure of non-uniformly loaded concrete is significantly lower than in uniaxially compressed. Experiments established a characteristic change in the height of the cross section of eccentrically compressed concrete elements of the transverse strain coefficient , indicating that with an increase in the load level, the coefficient of the most compressed fiber at all load levels is significant (1,2-1,5 times) less fibers, less loaded fibers. This property is caused by the change in the internal stress state with increasing load and stress redistribution by force bonds of the structure in non-uniformly compressed concrete from submicro- and microlevels of the fibers of the most loaded face along the height of the cross section of eccentrically compressed elements to less loaded fibers. This process of stress redistribution along the height of the cross section of concrete columns as a property manifests itself in a change in transverse deformation cу,е and, as a result, a change in the transverse deformation coefficient , affecting the stress state of the compressed zone, similar to internal force connections, providing a significant increase in maximum stresses and strains in non-uniformly compressed concrete.


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