Influence of the Mole Ratio of Salt to Alkali on the Surface Structure of SnO2 Thin Film

2018 ◽  
Vol 279 ◽  
pp. 192-196
Author(s):  
Yue Liu ◽  
Ge Xiong ◽  
Yan Yang ◽  
Long He ◽  
Mei Hua Chen ◽  
...  

This work investigated the effects of molar ratio of salt to alkali on the properties of tin oxide nanofilms to provide reference for optimizing its photoelectric conversion efficiency. The tin oxide film grown by hydrothermal method exhibited poor film-forming property. The macroscopic analysis revealed the formation of a thick film. The bonding force to the FTO substrate was poor, its brittle, and easy to fall off. When the molar ratio of salt to alkali was 1:8, the tin oxide film exhibited improved microstructure and large specific surface area, which could benefit electron transport. Moreover, the film showed excellent photoelectric conversion performance. However, mechanical properties, such as adhesion between the tin oxide film and the conductive glass FTO, remain to be improved.

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1140
Author(s):  
Yuhan Nie ◽  
Yadong Xie ◽  
Ying Zheng ◽  
Yao Luo ◽  
Jianguo Zhang ◽  
...  

In recent years, ZnO nanomaterials have achieved great performance in solar energy applications. How to synthesize a ZnO nanocomposite structure with high photoelectric conversion efficiency has become an urgent problem to solved. In this paper, a narrow band gap bismuth trioxide (Bi2O3) coated on a ZnO nanoarray by magnetron sputtering was used to prepare a composite heterojunction ZnO/Bi2O3. Studies have found that ZnO/Bi2O3 exhibits excellent photoelectric conversion performance. By preparing a composite heterostructure of ZnO/Bi2O3, it can effectively compensate for the insufficient absorption of ZnO in the visible light range and inhibit the recombination of carriers within the material. The influence of Bi2O3 thickness on the microstructure and electronic structure of the ZnO/Bi2O3 composite structure was explored and analyzed. The energy gap width of the composite heterostructure decreases with the increase in the Bi2O3 thickness on the surface of the ZnO nanorod array. At the same time, the conductive glass composite film structure is simple to prepare and is very environmentally friendly. The ZnO/Bi2O3 composite heterogeneous material prepared this time is suitable for solar cells, photodetectors, photocatalysis and other fields.


2018 ◽  
Vol 281 ◽  
pp. 699-704
Author(s):  
Yue Liu ◽  
Jia Zhang ◽  
Cai Liang Pang ◽  
Zong Li Wang ◽  
Jin Shi Li ◽  
...  

To provide reference for optimizing the photoelectric conversion efficiency, we studied the effects of salt–alkali molar ratio on the properties of tin oxide nanofilms. We found that when the hydrothermal temperature was increased to 80 °C, the film growth was not complete. With a hydrothermal temperature of 120 °C, the film became more complete and structured. However, at 160 °C, thick and very irregular tin dioxide (SnO2) crystal particles were deposited on the FTO conductive glass surface. With the increase in heat treatment temperature, crystallization became more and more dense and complete. At 80 °C hydrothermal temperature, the simulated peak of the surface and number of peaks became smaller. However, they significantly increased with a hydrothermal temperature of 120 °C. When the hydrothermal temperature was at 160 °C, the surface simulated peak increased, but the number of peaks decreased. Moreover, the diameter of each peak was greatly increased. The film obtained via the hydrothermal method was relatively pure, and Sn(OH)3 was not completely converted into SnO2.


NANO ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (06) ◽  
pp. 1650066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quangui He ◽  
Jia Zhuang ◽  
Qiuxiang Wen ◽  
Yang Deng ◽  
Jun Yu ◽  
...  

An anatase TiO2 photoanode with a novel three-dimensional nest-like structure was prepared directly on a transparent conductive glass substrate through hydrothermal cycles by three times. First, an unidirectional banded structure film was prepared by a facile hydrothermal method. And then, with the time of hydrothermal cycle increased, part of nanobelts were ruptured into a lot of small polyhedrons, but they still maintained a trend of the previous connection, and some fine nanobelts were interweaved in small polyhedrons. Finally, we successfully prepared a film with a novel 3D nest-like structure, and it had all the characteristics of the hierarchitectures. It had better photoelectric properties than the film with fewer times of hydrothermal cycle. Its photoelectric conversion efficiency reached 3.81%, which is due to a large dye adsorption amount, rapid electronic transmission, and superior light scattering and more electrons transmission paths.


2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (25) ◽  
pp. 13390-13401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enyan Guo ◽  
Longwei Yin

We present a novel type of SrTiO3/TiO2 nanosheet heterostructure via a facile hydrothermal process, with a tunable microstructure, phase component and surface area by adjusting the molar ratio of Sr and Ti precursors.


Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Huan ◽  
Huge Jile ◽  
Yijun Tang ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Zao Yi ◽  
...  

A ZnO seed layer was formed on the fluorine-doped tin oxide substrate by magnetron sputtering, and then a ZnO nanorod was grown on the ZnO seed layer by a hydrothermal method. Next, we prepared a single-crystal Ag seed layer by magnetron sputtering to form a ZnO@Ag composite heterostructure. Finally, Ag3PO4 crystals were grown on the Ag seed layer by a stepwise deposition method to obtain a ZnO@Ag@Ag3PO4 ternary heterojunction. The composite heterostructure of the material has super strong hydrophilicity and can be combined with water-soluble pollutants very well. Besides, it has excellent anti-reflection performance, which can absorb light from all angles. When Ag exists in the heterojunction, it can effectively improve the separation of photo-generated electrons and holes, and improve the photoelectric conversion performance. Based on the above characteristics, this nano-heterostructure can be used in the fields of solar cells, sensors, light-emitting devices, and photocatalysis.


Author(s):  
Tung-Lung Wu ◽  
Jenn-Kai Tsai ◽  
Ya-Zhu Song ◽  
Meng-Xiu Chen ◽  
Tian-Chiuan Wu ◽  
...  

This study explores the influence of molar ratio of the synthetic solution of methylammonium iodide (MAI) and PbI2 on perovskite solar cells. The complete perovskite crystals must be produced in a low-humidity environment. The substrate is spin-coated in the adjusted MAPbI3 synthesis solution and annealed by using a nitrogen furnace tube to form perovskite crystals. During the crystallization of MAPbI3, some of the PbI2 remains, which improves the efficiency of the perovskite solar cell. Therefore, we adjust the molar concentration of MAI to find the appropriate amount of the PbI2 residual. We fix the MAI molar concentration at 1 M and adjust the PbI2 molar concentration from 0.8 M to 1.4 M. The molar ratios of MAI and PbI2 are, then, 1:0.8, 1:1, 1:1.2, and 1:1.4, respectively. Then, we use UV–vis, FE-SEM, and photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) measurements for comparing the growth of perovskite crystals and their photoelectric characteristics. The results show that 1.2 M of PbI2 is the most appropriate concentration for perovskite solar cells among the adjusted concentrations.


2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 289-292
Author(s):  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Ying Hong Qu ◽  
Feng Xiang Zhang ◽  
Xiang Da Peng ◽  
Si Yu Qian ◽  
...  

Er3+,Yb3+:Y2O3nanocrystal up-conversion material has been prepared using the sodium carbonate precursor method and doped in the P25 to prepare up-conversion nano-TiO2powder. The micromorphology, structure and particle size of the up-converting nanoparticles were characterized by atom force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Nano-TiO2powder with up-conversion performance was applied to Dye-sensitized solar cells, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the DSSC with up-conversion material is twice the photoelectric conversion efficiency of normal DSSC irradiated by infrared light.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-281
Author(s):  
Seulki Cho ◽  
Jihun Jang ◽  
Mansik Jo ◽  
Sang-Woo Song ◽  
Suyeol Jang ◽  
...  

In this study, we report on the low-temperature (<120 °C) fabrication of a mesoporous titanium dioxide (TiO2) layer for use in perovskite solar cells. The TiO2 layer used was produced from a solution of TiO2 nanoparticles, purified water and titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) acting as a precursor of an inorganic binder network. We compared the properties of TiO2 layers resulting from different molar ratios (ranging from 0.1:1∼0.5:1) of titanium isopropoxide to TiO2 nanoparticles. Finally, perovskite solar cells were fabricated based on our optimized TiO2 molar ratio (TTIP:TiO2 = 0.1:1) and found to exhibit a short-circuit current density of ∼16.01 mA cm–2 and photoelectric conversion efficiency of ∼5.57%, respectively.


2011 ◽  
Vol 415-417 ◽  
pp. 1764-1768
Author(s):  
Lin Liu ◽  
Xiao Peng ◽  
Xiang Mei Yu ◽  
Ya Qing Feng

The critical material of photo-anode, the TiO2nano-particles, as the most important component in dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) was studied in this paper. The TiO2nanoparticles were prepared by the method of micro-emulsion. In the process of preparation, the factors including the kinds of surfactant, and the molar ratio of water to titanium (R value) were investigated. Finally, the optimal condition for the preparation of the TiO2nano-particles was determined. When Tx-100 was used as the surfactant and R was 35, the TiO2nano-particles were prepared and used as photo-anode in the DSSCs, which were sensitized by N719, test under AM1.5G sunlight. The highest photoelectric conversion efficiency was achieved: Short-circuit photocurrent (Isc) =13.91mA/cm2, open-circuit photo voltage (Voc) =0.83V, fill factor (FF) =55.06%, photoelectric conversion efficiency (η) =6.36%.


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