The Use of Lasers at Various Stages of the Manufacturing Process of Solar Cells Based on Crystalline Silicon

2020 ◽  
Vol 308 ◽  
pp. 138-156
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Musztyfaga-Staszuk ◽  
Piotr Panek
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Laser Radiation ◽  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Point Contact ◽  
Radiation Energy ◽  
Photovoltaic Cell ◽  
Materials Engineering ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this chapter of the book is to present knowledge on the use of laser technology in silicon photovoltaic cell manufacturing processes. Particular consideration was given to the technique of using a disk laser to cut the edges of silicon wafers together with the recognition of the flow of laser micromachining on the quality of cut edges to obtain their minimal deformation. The second topic described is the method of producing point contacts employing laser radiation between a layer of vaporised aluminium and crystalline silicon using the Nd:YAG laser. The results illustrating the impact of the structure and parameters of point contact for a given laser radiation energy on basic electrical parameters for complete, prototype solar cells are included. The chapter in the book provides an overview of the literature on the above topics and presents selected results of experimental works carried out by the authors. The motive for its publication is the need to present selected results of own research carried out in the Welding Department cooperating for many years with the Institute of Engineering and Biomedical Materials (IMIiB) of the Silesian University of Technology and the Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering (IMIM) of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Cracow.

scholarly journals The Role of Silicon Heterojunction and TCO Barriers on the Operation of Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells: Comparison between Theory and Experiment

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Yaser Abdulraheem ◽  
Moustafa Ghannam ◽  
Hariharsudan Sivaramakrishnan Radhakrishnan ◽  
Ivan Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Surface Passivation ◽  
Series Resistance ◽  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Thermionic Emission ◽  
Analytical Description ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
The Impact

Photovoltaic devices based on amorphous silicon/crystalline silicon (a-Si:H/c-Si) heterojunction interfaces hold the highest efficiency as of date in the class of silicon-based devices with efficiencies exceeding 26% and are regarded as a promising technology for large-scale terrestrial PV applications. The detailed understanding behind the operation of this type of device is crucial to improving and optimizing its performance. SHJ solar cells have primarily two main interfaces that play a major role in their operation: the transparent conductive oxide (TCO)/a-Si:H interface and the a-Si:H/c-Si heterojunction interface. In the work presented here, a detailed analytical description is provided for the impact of both interfaces on the performance of such devices and especially on the device fill factor ( FF ). It has been found that the TCO work function can dramatically impact the FF by introducing a series resistance element in addition to limiting the forward biased current under illumination causing the well-known S-shape characteristic in the I-V curve of such devices. On the other hand, it is shown that the thermionic emission barrier at the heterojunction interface can play a major role in introducing an added series resistance factor due to the intrinsic a-Si:H buffer layer that is usually introduced to improve surface passivation. Theoretical explanation on the role of both interfaces on device operation based on 1D device simulation is experimentally verified. The I-V characteristics of fabricated devices were compared to the curves produced by simulation, and the observed degradation in the FF of fabricated devices was explained in light of analytical findings from simulation.

scholarly journals Investigation of the impact of different ARC layers using PC1D simulation: application to crystalline silicon solar cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galib Hashmi ◽  
Mohammad Junaebur Rashid ◽  
Zahid Hasan Mahmood ◽  
Mahbubul Hoq ◽  
Md. Habibur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Silicon Solar Cells ◽  
Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pc1d Simulation

scholarly journals Key Success Factors and Future Perspective of Silicon-Based Solar Cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Binetti ◽  
M. Acciarri ◽  
A. Le Donne ◽  
M. Morgano ◽  
Y. Jestin
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Control Device ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Silicon Technology ◽  
Silicon Based ◽  
The Impact

Today, after more than 70 years of continued progress on silicon technology, about 85% of cumulative installed photovolatic (PV) modules are based on crystalline silicon (c-Si). PV devices based on silicon are the most common solar cells currently being produced, and it is mainly due to silicon technology that the PV has grown by 40% per year over the last decade. An additional step in the silicon solar cell development is ongoing, and it is related to a further efficiency improvement through defect control, device optimization, surface modification, and nanotechnology approaches. This paper attempts to briefly review the most important advances and current technologies used to produce crystalline silicon solar devices and in the meantime the most challenging and promising strategies acting to increase the efficiency to cost/ratio of silicon solar cells. Eventually, the impact and the potentiality of using a nanotechnology approach in a silicon-based solar cell are also described.

Ozone Based Chemical Oxide Growth for Crystalline Solar Cell Production

2012 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 321-324
Author(s):  
Klaus Wolke ◽  
Christiane Gottschalk ◽  
Jochen Rentsch ◽  
Heike Angermann
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Ozone Treatment ◽  
Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells ◽  
Cell Efficiency ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Crystalline Solar Cell ◽  
The Impact

Emitter formation of crystalline silicon solar cells by inline diffusion can be affected by non-uniformities in dopant deposition prior to the furnace due to insufficient wetting of hydrophobic surfaces. The impact of dissolved ozone treatment after texturing has been investigated with respect to the possibility of improving the emitter formation with a low cost process enhancement. The chemically grown thin oxide improves wetting capability without modification of other surface characteristics that can impact cell efficiency. It could be shown that already low concentrations of ozone in UPW prior to phosphorus doping improve the sheet resistance uniformity on Cz-Si and multi-crystalline Si solar cells between 30 and 100 % compared to HF last treated ones.

scholarly journals The Corrosion Resistance of Aluminum Alloy Modified by Laser Radiation

Coatings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 672 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.M. Mroczkowska ◽  
A.J. Antończak ◽  
J. Gąsiorek
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Laser Radiation ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Electrochemical Corrosion ◽  
Radiation Energy ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Surface Development ◽  
The Impact

This study presents an analysis of the impact of the oxide layers, prepared utilizing fiber laser radiation (1062 nm) in ambient air with different process parameters, on the corrosion resistance of EN 5754 aluminum alloy. Due to both high corrosion resistance and high fatigue strength, a 5754 alloy is used, among others, in the marine, aerospace, automotive, and chemical industries. Nevertheless, it corrodes in aggressive environments (with high chloride ions concentration). The controlled delivery of laser radiation energy in the oxygen environment allows the formation of the oxide layer on the surface of the material. We have determined that it significantly affects the resistance of these materials to corrosion. As a result of laser irradiation, changes in the chemical structure of the surface layer (chemical composition as well as surface development) can be observed. It may exert both a positive and a negative consequence on the corrosion resistance. The electrochemical corrosion tests (potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy EIS) have been carried out in an aggressive environment (3% NaCl). Moreover, microscopic examination, chemical tests, and roughness were also performed. The study revealed that appropriate control of the laser process can significantly increase the original corrosion resistance of the 5754 aluminum alloy.

The dependence of the crystalline volume fraction on the crystallite size for hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon based solar cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 1536 ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Schmidt ◽  
Y. Lin ◽  
M. Beaudoin ◽  
G. Xia ◽  
S. K. O'Leary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Nanocrystalline Silicon ◽  
Oxygen Impurity ◽  
Crystalline Volume Fraction ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Crystallite Sizes ◽  
Silicon Based ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTWe have performed an analysis on three hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si:H) based solar cells. In order to determine the impact that impurities play in shaping the material properties, the XRD and Raman spectra corresponding to all three samples were measured. The XRD results, which displayed a number of crystalline silicon-based peaks, were used in order to approximate the mean crystallite sizes through Scherrer's equation. Through a peak decomposition process, the Raman results were used to estimate the corresponding crystalline volume fraction. It was noted that small crystallite sizes appear to favor larger crystalline volume fractions. This dependence seems to be related to the oxygen impurity concentration level within the intrinsic nc-Si:H layers.

scholarly journals Antireflective Nanocomposite Based Coating on Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells for Building-Integrated Photovoltaic Systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Utpal Gangopadhyay ◽  
Sukhendu Jana ◽  
Sayan Das ◽  
Sutapa Garain ◽  
Soma Ray
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Antireflection Coating ◽  
Optical Characteristics ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Crystalline Silicon Solar Cell ◽  
Solar Module ◽  
Building Integrated Photovoltaic ◽  
The Impact

Building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems represent an interesting, alternative approach for increasing the available area for electricity production and potentially for further reducing the cost of solar electricity. In BIPV systems, the visual impression of a solar module becomes important, including its color. However, the range of solar cell colours and shapes currently on offer to architects and BIPV system designers is still very limited, and this is a barrier to the widespread use of PV modules as a constructional “material.” The color of a solar module is determined by the color of the cells in the module, which is given by the antireflection coating (ARC). However, access to efficient, but differently colored, solar cells is important for the further development of BIPV systems. In this paper, we have used Diamond-like nanocomposite layer as an Antireflective Nanocomposite based (ARNAB) coating material for crystalline silicon solar cell, and the impact of varying the color of an ARC upon the optical characteristics and efficiency of a solar cell is investigated. In addition to a comparison of the optical characteristics of such solar cells, the effect of using colored ARCs on solar cell efficiency is quantified using the solar cell modeling tool PC1D.

HF Last Passivation for High Efficiency a-Si/c-Si Heterojunction Solar Cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 345-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrien Danel ◽  
Florent Souche ◽  
Thomas Nolan ◽  
Yannick Le Tiec ◽  
P.J. Ribeyron
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Surface Passivation ◽  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Cell Performance ◽  
Native Oxide ◽  
Surface Recombination Velocity ◽  
Back Side ◽  
Heterojunction Solar Cells ◽  
The Impact

Amorphous/crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cells are commonly made by low temperature deposition of front and back side thin films on bare H-passivated Si wafers, obtained by HF last processes. This work discusses the impact of HF last step parameters on cell performance, considering textured and cleaned Si (100) wafers. A complete native oxide removal is mandatory and achieved in a short time (< 5 min) by HF concentration higher than 1% (by weight). Above 1%, surface passivation and cells performance slightly increases with the concentration. The best process time is found to be the minimum time to deoxidize textured wafers, as seen by a good dewetting. For [H > 2% this is less than 1 min. Longer process times slightly degrade surface passivation. Post rinse and drying, provided they do not reoxydize the surface, were seen to have no impact. The delay between the HF last and deposition steps is critical and depends on the efficiency of the cleaning before the HF last. With a high performance cleaning, leading to a very good surface passivation (< 10 cm/s surface recombination velocity), 30 min delay has no impact and 90 min leads to about 5% relative degradation of cell performance. Regarding the HF cleanliness, HCl spiking is an efficient way to enhance robustness of surface passivation keeping < 10 cm/s values when the metallic contamination, including Cu, is in the sub 50 ppb range.

Bulk Passivation of Defects in Multi-Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells by a-SiNx:H Layers

2009 ◽  
Vol 156-158 ◽  
pp. 357-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Cornagliotti ◽  
Harold F.W. Dekkers ◽  
Caterina Prastani ◽  
Joachim John ◽  
Emmanuel Van Kerschaver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells ◽  
Si Solar Cells ◽  
Recombination Centers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bulk Passivation

In this work the impact of hydrogenation from hydrogen-rich amorphous silicon nitride (a-SiNx:H) on dislocations and grain boundaries in multi-crystalline silicon (mc-Si) solar cells is presented. Layers are deposited by means of plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). Electrical bulk passivation is provided during thermal annealing, in which hydrogen diffuses from a-SiNx:H. The passivation effect is discussed in terms of recombination centers and non-recombinative charge traps reduction as well as in terms of local short circuit current improvement in specially manufactured solar cells.

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