scholarly journals Envisioning an Interconnected Ocean: Understanding the Links Between Geological Ocean Structure and Coastal Communities in the Pacific

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-69
Author(s):  
Megan Lubetkin ◽  
Nicole Raineault ◽  
Sarah Gaines
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Seafloor Mapping ◽  
Marine Management ◽  
Ocean Science ◽  
Ocean Exploration ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
The University

Abstract Covering nearly one third of the Earth's surface, the Pacific Ocean contains many significant interconnected geologic features extending into the coastal zone and the islands themselves. Trenches, ridges, seamount chains, faults, and fracture zones are not only fundamental expressions of Earth processes but also fundamental to life. Without awareness of these features and their natural and cultural importance, marine management and global understanding will remain disjointed. The Ocean Exploration Trust (OET) will spend the next several years in the Pacific conducting scientific expeditions to better understand the ocean through seafloor mapping and ocean exploration. Western ocean science is one of many ways to perceive and value the structural features of the Pacific. Communities across Pacific islands—often volcanic peaks emerging from deep below—are interconnected by water and by the underlying seafloor. We acknowledge the knowledge from local communities and recognize the multitude of ways to conceptualize and relate to the Pacific. With the University of Rhode Island's Coastal Resources Center (CRC), OET seeks to collaborate with local communities to reveal the structural significance and interconnected nature of oceanic features, making a link to the livelihoods of Pacific islanders. Further objectives would be co-designed with partners from local communities.

Satellite Detection of Ghost Nets and Plastic Debris in Pacific Atolls

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangrong Ling ◽  
Lauren Biermann ◽  
Mark Manuel ◽  
Ellen Ramirez ◽  
Austin Coates ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Science Center ◽  
Spectral Angle Mapper ◽  
Plastic Debris ◽  
Fisheries Science ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Derelict Fishing Gear ◽  
Satellite Analysis

<p><span>Since 2014, the NOAA Satellite Analysis Branch has used high resolution optical satellite imagery in an effort to detect ghost nets (derelict fishing gear) and other large plastic debris in the Pacific Ocean and its atolls in support of clean-up efforts (by the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Ocean Voyages Institute, etc.). Until recently, reliable detection has proven challenging. With the application of Worldview imagery matched to <em>in situ</em> information on known net locations, we have been able to extract spectral signatures of floating plastics and use these to detect and identify other instances of plastic debris. Using ENVI’s Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) target detection method, a number of likely locations of nets/plastics in the Pearl and Hermes atoll in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) were highlighted. The resulting locations of the 41 debris detections were strikingly similar to the distributions along the coast reported in surveys, and are consistent with those that would be expected due to the seasonal ocean currents. This satellite imagery analysis procedure will be repeated shortly before the next NWHI clean-up effort, which will better enable us to support the removal of ghost nets and other marine plastics, and also assess the accuracy and rapid reproducibility of the technique.</span></p>

The World’s Oldest Tsunami Victim at the Gateway to the Pacific—and Beyond

Tsunami ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
James Goff ◽  
Walter Dudley
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Mass Graves ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Settlement Abandonment

The 1998 Papua New Guinea tsunami was a significant puzzle for scientists who finally cracked the cause, but it also marks the most recent event of many that can be dated back to at least 6,000 years ago where the skull of the oldest tsunami victim in the world was found. Papua New Guinea was also the starting point for the most remarkable navigational feat in the world, with Polynesians moving rapidly east into the Pacific Ocean, their settlement of the region being punctuated by hiatuses caused by catastrophic tsunamis approximately 3,000, 2,000, and 600 years ago. It was on isolated Pacific islands that humans first came into contact with the deadly Pacific Ring of Fire. Settlement abandonment, mass graves, and cultural collapse mark their progress.

scholarly journals Large-Volume WOCE Radiocarbon Sampling in the Pacific Ocean

Radiocarbon ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minze Stuiver ◽  
H. G. Östlund ◽  
Robert M. Key ◽  
Paula J. Reimer
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Large Volume ◽  
University Of Washington ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Comprehensive Data ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
University Of Miami ◽  
The University

At the University of Miami Tritium Laboratory and the University of Washington Quaternary Isotope Laboratory, more than 1000 large-volume Pacific Ocean radiocarbon samples were measured for the WOCE program. Here we present a comprehensive data set, and a brief discussion of our findings.

scholarly journals Spinal Anaesthesia for Caesarean Section in the Solomon Islands

1994 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Sparks ◽  
H. Perndt ◽  
K. Agiomea ◽  
J. Fa'Arondo
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Spinal Anaesthesia ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
General Anaesthetic ◽  
Tropical Country ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

Results were kept on 43 spinal anaesthetics performed for caesarean section in the Solomon Islands, a developing tropical country in the Pacific Ocean. A 25-gauge Quincke needle was used and either 2.5 ml of heavy bupivacaine 0.5% or 2.0-2.5 ml of plain bupivacaine 0.5% were injected. Hypotension down to 85 mmHg occurred in four patients and there were no spinal headaches. Five patients had to be given a general anaesthetic. We recommend this technique to other doctors working in the Pacific Islands.

The Graphical Records of Matthew Flinders's Voyage to Terra Australis

1984 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Ferrar
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Memorial Lecture ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Cape Of Good Hope ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Marco Polo ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
The University ◽  
Sailing Ship

This second Matthew Flinders Memorial Lecture, in a series sponsored jointly by the Royal Institute of Navigation and the Hydrographic Society with the cooperation of Lincolnshire and Humberside Arts was presented at the University of Hull on 11 May 1983 with Sir John Dudding, Chairman of Lincolnshire and Humberside Arts in the Chair. The first lecture, presented by Rear-Admiral G. S. Ritchie in April 1974 (Journal27, 3) on the bicentenary of the birth of Matthew Flinders, described the hydrographic work of this exploring navigator. Miss Ferrar concentrates on the graphical records of Flinders's Australian voyages.When Marco Polo made his journey to China, overland from Venice in the thirteenth century, the lands around the Pacific Ocean were wholly unknown to Europeans. But the silks and spices with which he returned sowed the seeds of the quest for a sea route to the ‘Spice Islands’ which was to be one of the mainsprings of exploration for nearly 500 years. The Spaniards crossed the Atlantic. But instead of finding themselves on the coast of Asia as they had expected they discovered the lands (and the wealth) of the Aztecs and Incas, and their explorations extended along the Pacific coasts of Central and South America from Mexico to Peru. The Portuguese found their way around southern Africa and across the Indian Ocean to South-east Asia, where they attained their objective and established a lucrative trade with the Spice Islands. Sailing ship routes depend upon the direction of prevailing winds, so the outward voyage took them eastwards from the Cape of Good Hope and then northwards to their destination. The homeward crossing of the Indian Ocean was in more northerly latitudes.

Umzug einer Galapagos-Riesenschildkröte aus dem Zoologischen Garten in die Zoologische Sammlung

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
Antje Angeli ◽  
Jürgen Fiebig XXXMLAUTOR Andreas Bick
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Zoological Garden ◽  
Hohes Alter ◽  
Sparse Vegetation ◽  
Galapagos Archipelago ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Very Old Age ◽  
The University

Galápagos-Riesenschildkröten sind ausschließlich auf dem Galápagos-Archipel im Pazifischen Ozean zu finden. Dort leben sie sowohl in regennassen Regionen als auch in Gebieten mit spärlicher Vegetation. Sie sind tagaktiv und wandern vom Hochland zu ihren Eiablageplätzen in wärmeren Küstengebieten. Sie können ein sehr hohes Alter erreichen, in der Regel werden sie 50–80 Jahre alt. Im Jahr 2020 verzeichnete das Europäische Zuchtbuch für Galápagos-Riesenschildkröten 108 Tiere in 23 Zoos und Einrichtungen. In Europa wird diese Art in 12 Zoos gezeigt, darunter in Rostock und Hoyerswerda. Im Jahr 2012 wurden im Rostocker Zoo fünf Tiere gehalten, die alle aus dem Zoo Zürich kamen. Im Juni 2019 wurde eine der fünf Schildkröten, Elvida, tot in ihrem Gehege aufgefunden. Elvida wurde zur Sektion an das Leibniz-Institut für Zoo- und Wildtierforschung in Berlin übergeben. Danach wurde sie im Museum für Naturkunde Berlin präpariert. Die Präparation erfolgte mit einem Imprägnierverfahren, bei dem das Wasser der Zellen durch Polyethylenglykol (PEG) ersetzt wird. Seit Dezember 2020 ist das Exponat der Galápagos-Riesenschildkröte Elvida Teil der Zoologischen Sammlung der Universität Rostock, wo es den Studierenden für Lehrzwecke zur Verfügung steht und Teil der Ausstellung ist. Relocation of a Galapagos giant tortoise from the Zoological Garden to the Zoological Collection Abstract: Galápagos giant tortoises are found exclusively on the Galápagos archipelago in the Pacific Ocean. There they live both in rain-wet regions and in areas with sparse vegetation. They are diurnal and migrate from the highlands to their egg-laying sites in warmer coastal areas. They can reach a very old age, usually they live 50–80 years. In 2020, the European Studbook for Galápagos giant tortoises listed 108 animals in 23 zoos and institutions. In Europe, this species is kept in 12 zoos, including Rostock and Hoyerswerda. Five individuals were kept at Rostock Zoo in 2012, all of which came from Zurich Zoo. In June 2019, one of the five tortoises, Elvida, was found dead in her enclosure. Elvida was handed over to the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research in Berlin for dissection. After finishing the dissection, it was prepared at the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin. The preparation was carried out with an impregnation procedure in which the water of the cells is replaced by polyethylene glycol (PEG). Since December 2020, the exhibit of the Galápagos giant tortoise Elvida has been part of the Zoological Collection of the University of Rostock, where it is available to students for teaching purposes and is part of the exhibition.

scholarly journals Predicting bycatch hotspots for endangered leatherback turtles on longlines in the Pacific Ocean

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1777) ◽  
pp. 20132559 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Roe ◽  
Stephen J. Morreale ◽  
Frank V. Paladino ◽  
George L. Shillinger ◽  
Scott R. Benson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
Central Pacific ◽  
Leatherback Turtles ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Fisheries Bycatch ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Nesting Beaches

Fisheries bycatch is a critical source of mortality for rapidly declining populations of leatherback turtles, Dermochelys coriacea . We integrated use-intensity distributions for 135 satellite-tracked adult turtles with longline fishing effort to estimate predicted bycatch risk over space and time in the Pacific Ocean. Areas of predicted bycatch risk did not overlap for eastern and western Pacific nesting populations, warranting their consideration as distinct management units with respect to fisheries bycatch. For western Pacific nesting populations, we identified several areas of high risk in the north and central Pacific, but greatest risk was adjacent to primary nesting beaches in tropical seas of Indo-Pacific islands, largely confined to several exclusive economic zones under the jurisdiction of national authorities. For eastern Pacific nesting populations, we identified moderate risk associated with migrations to nesting beaches, but the greatest risk was in the South Pacific Gyre, a broad pelagic zone outside national waters where management is currently lacking and may prove difficult to implement. Efforts should focus on these predicted hotspots to develop more targeted management approaches to alleviate leatherback bycatch.

scholarly journals The Politics of Repair in a Postcolonial Context: A Minor Case Study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathi Ho Schar ◽  
◽  
Daniel S. Friedman ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Deferred Maintenance ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
University Of Hawai'i ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The University

The University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa is the flagship campus for the country’s most remote and westernmost state. It lies over two thousand nautical miles from the nearest continent, roughly in the center of the Pacific Ocean, the largest division of the world hydrosphere. Until 1893, Hawai’i was a sovereign kingdom. In 1959, the U.S. government annexed Hawaiʻi as the last and newest of its fifty states. This vivid context—Pacific, Asian, Hawaiian, American, postcolonial—constitutes both a geographical and cultural orientation. In view of these numerous, vivid conditions, our paper offers a single case study based on small projects underway at Mānoa, where the senior leadership of the university invited the newly established University of Hawai‘i Community Design Center to address the chronic disrepair of campus buildings and public spaces through low-cost, high-impact design interventions. The aim of these interventions is to improve perceived qualities of public space and campus character, which have suffered under the weight of the university’s half-billion dollar deferred maintenance backlog.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and online learning experiences of Solomon Islands students at the University of the South Pacific

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 89-102
Author(s):  
Jeremy Dorovolomo ◽  
Patricia Rodie ◽  
Billy Fito'o ◽  
Loriza Zinnie Rafiq
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Learning Experiences ◽  
The South ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
E Learning ◽  
New Applications ◽  
The University

This study aims to investigate the experiences of Solomon Islands students during the shift to online, remote teaching during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. It utilises the tokstori to collect data from 16 Solomon Islands students of the University of the South Pacific’s (USP) Suva and Honiara campuses. It is framed and analysed data using Khan’s eight dimensions of gauging successful e-learning experiences. Prior to COVID-19, many of the courses at the USP were offered in blended mode, which encompasses both online and face-to-face delivery. However, with a sudden move to fully online offerings, and the associated fears resulting from the unknowns of COVID-19, this was disruptive and traumatic for many students. However, analysis identified several key factors aiding student success including many Solomon Islands students being able to eventually cope with the disruption and displayed independence and resilience. It is also found that Solomon Island students got to experience new applications and tools such as, for example, having to be in Zoom or having to sit an online exam. This study has potential to inform higher education institutes (HEIs) in the Pacific Islands and beyond, and the need to carefully navigate the practical realities of the islands in the interaction between digital technologies, instructors and students to facilitate online learning post-pandemic.

scholarly journals Emilia sonchifolia (red tasselflower).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Trinidad And Tobago ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Virgin Islands ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Annual Herb

Abstract Emilia sonchifolia is an annual herb believed to be native to China and South-East Asia. Since spreading from its natural range, E. sonchifolia now has a pan-tropical distribution and is naturalized elsewhere in Asia, as well as in Australia, the Pacific Islands, Africa and the Americas. This species has been reported as a weed for a number of crops and has been shown to reduce yields and act as a reservoir for crop pathogens. Currently it is listed as invasive in India, Mexico, Brazil, Paraguay, Costa Rica, the Galapagos, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Dominican Republic, Trinidad and Tobago, Madeira, Réunion, Hawaii and on many other islands in the Pacific Ocean. Mechanical control has been shown to be effective, and chemical control has been effective in some annual and perennial crops.

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