NOTES ON THE OCCURRENCE, DISTRIBUTION, POPULATION LEVELS, AND CONTROL OF GRAPHOLITA LIBERTINA HEINR. (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), A PEST OF LINGONBERRIES IN NEWFOUNDLAND

1988 ◽  
Vol 120 (10) ◽  
pp. 867-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray F. Morris ◽  
B.G. Penney ◽  
G. Greenslade ◽  
P.A. Hendrickson ◽  
K.B. McRae
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Larval Population ◽  
Export Markets ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Hymenopterous Parasite ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

AbstractGrapholita libertina Heinr. larvae are a pest of economic importance in lingonberries (partridgeberries), Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. var. minus Lodd, in Newfoundland. Both domestic and export markets are affected. Surveys conducted during the period 1973–1982 to determine distribution and larval population levels, in localities where berries were harvested commercially, indicated they were infested to varying intensities in all 15 localities studied. Highest infestations occurred at Pouch Cove (5 September 1974 — 122 larvae per kilogram of ripe berries) and on Witless Bay Line (9 August 1977 — 276 larvae per kilogram of green berries).In experiments conducted from 1980 to 1982 at six locations, there was a significant decrease in level of infestation as the crop reached maturity. Our results suggest that delaying the opening of the lingonberry harvest season until the last week of September decreased the risk of infestation.Observations on the life history of G. libertina and a naturally occurring hymenopterous parasite are presented.

The Biology of the Genus Pissodes. (George Heriot Research Fellowship Thesis.)

1902 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 319-358
Author(s):  
R. Stewart MacDougall
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Remedial Measures ◽  
Research Fellowship ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Harmful Insect

In the case of any harmful insect of economic importance, in order to war against it, or apply remedial measures at all intelligently, a knowledge of the life-history of the pest is necessary. This proposition will, I think, meet with such ready acceptance as to render proof unnecessary, but I might in illustration mention two cases which came under my own observation, where in the one case a knowledge of the round of life of the attacking insect saved a whole forest, and in the other proved of great importance.

Notes on the Life-history of Cheiloneurus noxius, Compere (Hym.)

1937 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Le Pelley
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Southern California ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
History Of ◽  
Made In

A number of species of this genus of Encyrtid parasites are known to be, and others are suspected to be, secondary parasites ; but apparently the complete life-history has not been observed in any one case. As the genus has an almost world-wide distribution and is doubtless of considerable economic importance, the following observations made in Southern California in part of 1935 and 1936 are recorded.

The life-history and control of Hapatesus hirtus Candeze (Coleoptera: Elateridae) in Victoria

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 827 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Horne ◽  
JA Horne
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Complete Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control ◽  
Potato Crops

The incidence and life-history of potato wireworm, Hapatesus hirtus Candeze, in Victorian potato crops were studied, and insecticidal control measures assessed. Larval stages were present and active throughout the year. Ten larval instars were identified, probably requiring several years to complete development. Egg development occurred in October-November and the most likely timing of oviposition was December. The relative numbers of larval H. hirtus detected in soil samples, pre-planting baits and harvested tubers are presented. Baiting with halves of potatoes provided an efficient means of detecting areas likely to suffer wireworm damage. One formulation of chlorpyrifos ('Lorsban') was effective in reducing damage to, and larval numbers in, potatoes in field trials. The granular formulation of tefluthrin and the controlled release chlorpyrifos were not effective in protecting potato tubers.

Parthenogenesis in the Mealybug, Phenacoccus solani Ferris

1952 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 308-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Planococcus Citri ◽  
The Family ◽  
Clover Root ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pseudococcus Maritimus ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Reproduction in the Pseudococcidae is usually regarded as being predominantly, if not exclusively, bisexual, though Ferris (1950) has pointed out that within the family as defined by him males are known for only a small percentage of the species described to date. Detailed biological observations have been restricted to those members of considerable economic importance and in regard to reproductive habits there are few specific references in the literature. Hough (1922) in his account of the life history of the clover root mealybug Chnaurococcus trifolli (Forbes) Ferris, stated that no males were seen throughout the period of the observations. James (1937) made a comprehensive study of the reproduction of Planococcus citri (Risso) Ferris, Pseudococcus maritimus (Ehrh) Ferris, P. gahani Green, P. adonidum (Linn.) Ferris, and Trionymus peregrinus Green, and found that parthenogenesis did not occur in any of these species. This confirmed conclusions of earlier workers with Pl. citri (Schrader 1923, Sutherland 1932), and with P. gahani and Phenacoccus gossypii Twns & Ckll. (Basinger 1934). However, Myers (1932) reported parthenogenesis in some of his experiments with Pl. citri but his procedure of isolating females from the cultures after the second moult is clearly open to criticism.

A REVIEW OF THE LIFE HISTORY, POPULATION LEVELS, AND SPREAD OF THE ANTLER MOTH, CERAPTERYX GRAMINIS (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), IN NEWFOUNDLAND

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (8) ◽  
pp. 933-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray F. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Black Light ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractThe antler moth, Cerapteryx graminis (L.), first discovered in Newfoundland in 1966, has now successfully established itself over an area of approximately 60 km in the greater St. John’s area and surrounding localities. It has become a pest of limited economic importance in hay and pasture fields, and lawns. Black light traps, operated at Mt. Pearl and Kilbride during 1966–1978, were used to monitor population build-up. Notes on the life history of the antler moth in Newfoundland, with some comparisons with that in Great Britain and Europe, are provided. Natural controls are also discussed.

THE LIFE HISTORY OF ALLOTROPA UTILIS MUES., A HYMENOPTEROUS PARASITE OF THE ORCHARD MEALY BUG IN NOVA SCOTIA

1939 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 160-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. Gilliatt
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
New Species ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Hymenopterous Parasite ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mealy Bug ◽  
A New Species

Soon after the discovery of the mealy bug Phenacoccus aceris Sig. in the orchards of Nova Scotia in 1932, a parasite of much importance was found attacking this pest. This is a small hymenopterous species described in this issue by Dr. C. F. W. Muesebeck as a new species, Allotropa utilis Mues.

On a Bostrychid Wood-borer in the Sudan

1953 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. G. G. Peake
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Sodium Arsenite ◽  
Small Degree ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Complete Life Cycle ◽  
History Of ◽  
Wood Borer ◽  
And Control ◽  
Acacia Seyal

Sinoxylon senegalense is essentially the wood borer of felled Acacia seyal Del. in the Sudan, damage due to other beetles being contributory in a very small degree.The life-history of the Bostrychid is recorded. The period from egg to adult is about eight weeks, but the complete life-cycle is considerably longer. The larval tunnels are superficial and only a few inches in length. The damage is almost entirely due to the adult, which remains boring within the logs for nearly 10 months. A predacious Clerid, Cylidrus fasciatus, and Braconid parasites, a species belonging to genus near Doryctes and Platyspathius pictipennis, were recorded.Destruction of the timber is very rapid and control methods should be undertaken as soon after felling as possible. Insectaries were prepared containing the timber treated in various ways and the behaviour of the insect noted in each instance. The chemicals used in the experiments were sodium arsenite, boracic acid and pentachlorophenol. The latter, used as a spray on barked logs, was found to be the most effective.

Identification of the Root Maggots (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) Attacking Cruciferous Garden Crops in Canada, with Notes on Biology and Control

1951 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 109-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Life History ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cultivation Methods ◽  
Hylemya Brassicae ◽  
Cabbage Maggot ◽  
And Control ◽  
Cruciferous Plants

A great number of papers and notes have been written on the root maggots attacking cabbage, cauliflower, turnip, and radish in Canada and the United States during the past 75 years. These deal chiefly with the occurrence, life-history, and control of the cabbage maggot, Hylemya brassicae (Bouché), or species which have been misidentified as that species. The Canadian work has followed the lead of Gibson and Treherne (1916), but in spite of the accumulation of information on the life-history of the species, on cultivation methods, and on insecticides, the pests of these cruciferous plants remain as noxious as ever.

Identification of Bombyliid Parasites and Hyperparasites of Phalaenidae of the Prairie Provinces of Canada, with Descriptions of Six Other Bombyliid Pupae (Diptera)

1952 ◽  
Vol 84 (12) ◽  
pp. 357-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Detailed Data ◽  
Natural Control ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control ◽  
Total Parasitism ◽  
Prairie Provinces

For many years studies of cutworm bionomics and control, especially of pest species, have been carried on in the Prairie Provinces of Canada. During these studies a number of cutworm parasites and hyperparasites of the bombyliid generaPoecilanthraxOsten Sacken,VillaLioy, andHemipentherLoew have been encountered. These species do not appear to be important factors in the natural control of cutworms, for they cause from two to five per cent of the total parasitism. No detailed data are available on the life-history of any of the species.

The Life History of the Black Cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel), Under Controlled Conditions

1962 ◽  
Vol 94 (11) ◽  
pp. 1183-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Harris ◽  
J. H. Mazurek ◽  
G. V. White
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Agrotis Ipsilon ◽  
Black Cutworm ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

The black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel), is of major economic importance in many areas of the world. In recent years, adequate methods for assessing the toxicity of insecticides to the black cutworm have been developed (Begg and Harris, 1958; Begg et al., in preparation; Harris and Mazurek, 1961). However, with the exception of the works by Crumb (1929) and Satterthwait (1933), less research has been devoted to the life history of this insect.

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