CENTROPTILUM INFREQUENS MCDUNNOUGH (EPHEMEROPTERA: BAETIDAE), A JUNIOR SYNONYM OF PSEUDOCENTROPTILUM PENNULATUM (EATON)

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.G. Lowen ◽  
J.F. Flannagan
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
North America ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
First Record ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Soviet Union

Centroptilum infrequens McDunnough, 1924 was found to be widespread in Canada and was described in detail at the 5th International Ephemeroptera Conference, Marysville, Australia, 1987 (Lowen and Flannagan 1989). At that time, similarities between C. infrequens and published accounts of Pseudocentroptilum pennulatum (Eaton 1870) were noted and it was suggested that these species are conspecific. We have recently compared specimens of C. infrequens with specimens of P. pennulatum from western Europe, and have noted no discernable differences at any life stage. We therefore conclude that Centroptilum infrequens McDumough, 1924 is a junior synonym of Pseudocentroptilum pennulatum (Eaton) 1870. This is the first record of Pseudocentroptilum in North America and the first record of a holarctic Pseudocentroptilum species, as P. pennulatum is also known from the arctic Ural and Pacific Coast regions of the Soviet Union.

Sterility and suggestion: Minor psychotherapy in the Soviet Union, 1956–1985

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 83-106
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Brokman
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
North America ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Ethical Principles ◽  
Standard Practice ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Medical Institutions

This article explores the concept of minor or general psychotherapy championed by physicians seeking to popularise psychotherapy in the post-Stalin Soviet Union. Understood as a set of skills and principles meant to guide behaviour towards and around patients, this form of psychotherapy was portrayed as indispensable for physicians of all specialities as well as for all personnel of medical institutions. This article shows how, as a result of Soviet teaching on the power of suggestion to influence human organisms, every interaction with patients was conceptualised as a form of psychotherapy, leading to the embrace of placebo as a legitimate form of therapy, and to the blurring of the boundary between therapy and other activities in the clinic. The principles of minor psychotherapy reveal a concept of psychotherapy that is much wider, and rooted in different priorities, than the dominant understanding of this type of treatment found in Western Europe and North America. This article addresses the ethical principles implicit in the Soviet perspective, demonstrating that despite fighting against the uncaring and dismissive attitude of other physicians, Soviet psychotherapists remained rooted in the paternalistic tradition. Finally, it traces the efforts to establish minor psychotherapy as standard practice in medical institutions, which, like many other plans and ambitions of Soviet psychotherapists, were constrained by a lack of resources in the healthcare system.

„Socialist postmodernism”: residential architecture in Kyiv Podil district (Ukraine)

BUILDER ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 293 (12) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Svitlana Linda
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
Residential Architecture ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Residential Quarters

Despite the short chronological span of the socialist era architecture heritage, it remains little investigated and underappreciated. Given the political and cultural isolation of the Soviet Union republics and strict architectural design regulations, there was a widespread belief that architects should not use innovative trends. This article exemplifies residential quarters in the historic Podil district, designed and built in the 1970s-1980s in Kyiv. They vividly demonstrate the postmodern ideas embodied in Ukrainian architecture. Methodologically, the article bases on the Ch. Jencks definition of postmodernism and in the comparison of his ideology with the implemented Kyiv project. It states that Kyiv architects proposed not typical Soviet construction projects but international postmodern architectural solutions. It proves that, on the one hand, Ukrainian architects had perfect qualifications to draw construction projects implementing advanced world trends of the time. But on the other hand, it highlights that postmodernism in architecture did not merely confine to Western Europe and the United States but also penetrated the Iron Curtain, exemplifying innovative architectural thinking which ran contrary to the modernist paradigm.

Frequency-dependent attenuation in eastern Kazakhstan and implications for seismic detection thresholds in the Soviet Union

1990 ◽  
Vol 80 (6B) ◽  
pp. 2089-2105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Sereno
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
North America ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Detection Capability ◽  
Detection Thresholds ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Noise Characteristics ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Eastern Kazakhstan

Abstract The frequency-dependent attenuation of regional seismic phases recorded by three stations near the nuclear explosion test site in eastern Kazakhstan is estimated by inverting spectra from 21 events with magnitudes between 2.3 and 4.6 at distances between 200 and 1300 km. The Pn spectra are inverted between 1 and 10 Hz, and the Lg spectra are inverted between 0.5 and 2.5 Hz. The motivation for this study is that previous estimates of detection capability in the Soviet Union are based on data recorded in other regions (eastern North America and Scandinavia) and therefore have large uncertainty. The data recently recorded in eastern Kazakhstan provide an excellent opportunity to compare regional wave propagation and noise characteristics at these sites to conditions assumed in previous detection capability simulations. It is found that attenuation in eastern Kazakhstan is not much different from attenuation in Scandinavia, but it is greater than attenuation in eastern North America. This implies that estimates of detection thresholds that assume attenuation like that observed in eastern North America will be lower than estimates of detection thresholds that assume attenuation like that observed in eastern Kazakhstan or Scandinavia. However, it is not known how well data recorded in eastern Kazakhstan represent conditions in other areas of the Soviet Union.

An Unknown Leningrad Museum

Tempo ◽  
1962 ◽  
pp. 17-18
Author(s):  
Gerald Seaman
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The World

In a far corner of St. Isaac's Square in Leningrad, overshadowed by the gold-domed cupola of the city's most famous cathedral, stands the Institute of Cinema, Theatre and Music. Few foreign visitors to Leningrad realize that on the first floor of that building is contained one of the largest collection of folk instruments in the world, a collection which, though primarily devoted to the Soviet Union, nevertheless contains instruments from Western Europe, China, India and Japan.

Hitler's Antarctic base: the myth and the reality

Polar Record ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Summerhayes ◽  
Peter Beeching
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
Background Knowledge ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Navy ◽  
Dronning Maud Land ◽  
Do So

In January-February 1939, a secret German expedition visited Dronning (or Queen) Maud Land, Antarctica, apparently with the intention inter alia of establishing a base there. Between 1943 and 1945 the British launched a secret wartime Antarctic operation, code-named Tabarin. Men from the Special Air Services Regiment (SAS), Britain's covert forces for operating behind the lines, appeared to be involved. In July and August 1945, after the German surrender, two U-boats arrived in Argentina. Had they been to Antarctica to land Nazi treasure or officials? In the southern summer of 1946–1947, the US Navy appeared to ‘invade’ Antarctica using a large force. The operation, code-named Highjump, was classified confidential. In 1958, three nuclear weapons were exploded in the region, as part of another classified US operation, code-named Argus. Given the initial lack of information about these various activities, it is not, perhaps, surprising that some people would connect them to produce a pattern in which governments would be accused of suppressing information about ‘what really happened’, and would use these pieces of information to construct a myth of a large German base existing in Antarctica and of allied efforts to destroy it. Using background knowledge of Antarctica and information concerning these activities that has been published since the early 1940s, it is demonstrated: that the two U-Boats could not have reached Antarctica; that there was no secret wartime German base in Dronning Maud Land; that SAS troops did not attack the alleged German base; that the SAS men in the region at the time had civilian jobs; that Operation Highjump was designed to train the US Navy for a possible war with the Soviet Union in the Arctic, and not to attack an alleged German base in Antarctica; and that Operation Argus took place over the ocean more than 2000 km north of Dronning Maud Land. Activities that were classified have subsequently been declassified and it is no longer difficult to separate fact from fancy, despite the fact that many find it attractive not to do so.

The upper Paleozoic (Pennsylvanian-Permian) ammonoid Emilites

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Royal H. Mapes ◽  
Darwin R. Boardman
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
North America ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Early Permian ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Upper Paleozoic ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Permian Ammonoid

Four species of Emilites are now known; these are E. incertus (Böse), E. plummeri Ruzhencev, E. brownwoodi n. sp., and E. bennisoni n. sp. Representatives of this genus may occur as early as Middle Pennsylvanian in North America to as late as Early Permian in the Soviet Union. All described taxa are from North America except E. plummeri, which is from the Soviet Union. Because Emilites is extremely rare in upper Paleozoic ammonoid assemblages, generic and species level phylogenetic relationships are poorly understood. Emilites is not considered to be a good generic-level zone indicator due to its relatively long time range and its rarity.

Everyday Life in Wartime Europe

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Mick
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
Foreign Occupation ◽  
Occupied Territories ◽  
Working And Living Conditions ◽  
The Impact

This chapter discusses everyday life under foreign occupation during the Second World War. Living conditions were very different depending on class, race, location, and time. People living in Poland, Greece, Yugoslavia, and the occupied territories of the Soviet Union were not only much more exposed to terror and mass crimes; their standards of living were also much lower than in western Europe. Some experiences, however, were shared. The chapter focuses on certain common daily experiences: procuring food and other daily necessities; the relationship between peasants and urban populations; the working and living conditions in cities and towns; the role of families and the importance of networks; and the impact of terror, destruction, and insecurity on society and individuals. Living under foreign occupation partly corrupted the moral standards governing human relations, but there was also solidarity which focused on a core group of people consisting of family and close friends.

Jews in Eastern Europe and Russia since the End of Communism

2013 ◽  
pp. 424-462
Author(s):  
Antony Polonsky
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Imperial Russia ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
New Period ◽  
Colonial Empire ◽  
History Of ◽  
Independent States

This chapter highlights how the collapse of communism in eastern Europe and the Soviet Union initiated a new period in the history of the Jews in the area. Poland was now a fully sovereign country, and Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, and Moldova also became independent states. Post-imperial Russia faced the task of creating a new form of national identity. This was to prove more difficult than in other post-imperial states since, unlike Britain and France, the tsarist empire and its successor, the Soviet Union, had not so much been the ruler of a colonial empire as an empire itself. All of these countries now embarked, with differing degrees of enthusiasm, on the difficult task of creating liberal democratic states with market economies. For the Jews of the area, the new political situation allowed both the creation and development of Jewish institutions and the fostering of Jewish cultural life in much freer conditions, but also facilitated emigration to Israel, North America, and western Europe on a much larger scale.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Stephen G. Rabe
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
South America ◽  
National Security ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Latin Americans ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
History Of

This introductory chapter provides an overview of U.S. policies toward Latin America during Henry Kissinger's career as national security adviser and secretary of state. Henri Kissinger directed inter-American relations between 1969 and 1977. Like his predecessors, Kissinger judged relations with Western Europe, the Soviet Union, and China as strategically more important than relations with Latin America. But Kissinger launched noteworthy initiatives, such as the attempt to normalize relations with Cuba and to transfer the canal to Panama. The Kissinger years were also historically significant for Latin Americans. The 1970s represented the most violent period in the history of post-independence (1825) South America. This book provides a comprehensive investigation of the foreign policies of the Nixon and Ford administrations toward Latin America and Kissinger's central role in formulating and implementing those policies.

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