Species of Trichomalopsis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) associated with filth flies (Diptera: Muscidae) in North America

2001 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary A.P. Gibson ◽  
Kevin Floate
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Stomoxys Calcitrans ◽  
Stable Fly ◽  
Horn Fly ◽  
Hypoderma Bovis ◽  
Voucher Specimens ◽  
Musca Autumnalis ◽  
Host Associations

AbstractFive species of Trichomalopsis Crawford associated with Haematobia irritans (L.) (horn fly), Musca domestica L. (house fly), Musca autumnalis DeGeer (face fly), and Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (stable fly) in North America are reviewed. The species Trichomalopsis americana (Gahan), Trichomalopsis dubia (Ashmead), Trichomalopsis sarcophagae (Gahan), Trichomalopsis tachinae (Gahan), and Trichomalopsis viridescens (Walsh) are described, keyed, and differentiated from other recognized North American species. Lectotypes are designated for T. dubia, T. sarcophagae, and T. tachinae. Distribution and host associations are recorded for the species. Trichomalopsis americana and T. viridescens are newly recorded as parasitoids of M. domestica; T. dubia and T. sarcophagae are also newly recorded as parasitoids of Hypoderma lineatum (Villers) (common cattle grub) and Hypoderma bovis (L.) (northern cattle grub), respectively. Some previously published host associations and parasitoid identifications are corrected based on examination of voucher specimens. The known biology of each species is reviewed. The presence of Trichomalopsis albipilosa (Gahan) in North America is considered to be erroneous based on a misidentification of T. americana.

Utilization of Freeze-killed House Fly and Stable Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Pupae by Three Pteromalid Wasps

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Pawson ◽  
J. J. Petersen ◽  
R. E. Gold
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Stomoxys Calcitrans ◽  
Stable Fly ◽  
Female Progeny

Utilization of freeze-killed house fly, Musca domestica L., and stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans L., pupae for development by the pteromalid parasitoids, Muscidifurax zaraptor Kogan and Legner, Pachycrepoideus vindemiae (Rondani) and Spalangia nigroaenea Curtis was investigated. All three species of parasitoids used both fly species as hosts. Parasitoid emergence from house fly and stable fly puparia was not significantly different for M. zaraptor and P. vindemiae. However, emergence of S. nigroaenea was significantly higher from house fly puparia than from stable fly puparia. When given a choice, all three pteromalid species preferred ovipositing on house fly pupae, as indicated by parasitoid emergence. Parasitoid emergence from house fly puparia comprised ca. 75, 58 and 90% of the total combined emergence from house fly and stable fly puparia for M. zaraptor, P. vindemiae and S. nigroaenea, respectively. For M. zaraptor, the proportion of female progeny from house fly puparia (ca. 60%) was significantly higher than that from stable fly puparia (ca. 47%). The proportion of females from house fly and stable fly puparia for P. vindemiae and S. nigroaenea was not significantly different.

The Breeding Media of some common Flies

1936 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Thomsen ◽  
Ole Hammer
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
House Fly ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
Stomoxys Calcitrans ◽  
Stable Fly ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common House

When studying the biology of the house-fly or any other fly annoying to man and domestic animals with a view to practical control, it is obvious that a correct knowledge of the breeding-places of the species is perhaps the most important problem which the investigator has to solve. As to the common house-fly (Musca domestica, L.) it is generally held that this problem has been completely cleared up by several workers years ago, but recent observations in Denmark have convinced the writers that this is not the case. We have arrived at conclusions regarding the chief breeding-places of the house-fly differing from those generally found in text-books.Our work has not been limited to Musca domestica, for we have as far as possible studied the breeding-places of other flies occurring in houses or connected with domestic animals, first and foremost the stable-fly (Stomoxys calcitrans, L.). The knowledge of the biology of the stable-fly in Europe is surprisingly meagre, though the practical interest of this species as a tormentor of cattle and horses and a possible vector of infectious diseases is generally recognised.As our observations may be of some interest to workers in other countries we have collected them in this paper, which constitutes the third of a series containing the main results of our investigations into the fly problem started under the auspices of the Health Organisation of the League of Nations and the Danish Committee of Rural Hygiene and with the support of the Danish Ministry of Agriculture and several private funds.

LABORATORY STUDIES ON THE LIFE CYCLE AND PREY RELATIONSHIPS OF PACHYLISTER CAFFER ERICHSON (COLEOPTERA: HISTERIDAE)

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Summerlin ◽  
G. T. Fincher ◽  
J. P. Roth ◽  
H. D. Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Prey Species ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Stomoxys Calcitrans ◽  
Stable Fly ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Pupal Development ◽  
Horn Fly ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Behavior

The biology and behavior of Pachylister caffer Erichson were studied to determine the developmental history of this cattle manure-attracted, predaceous beetle and to evaluate its potential for controlling the horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L.). Females deposit eggs singly 0.5–3.0 cm deep in soil beneath cattle manure. Embryonic incubation averaged 3.9 days, larval development (two instars) 37.3 days, and pupal development 16.4 days. Development from oviposition to adult averaged 57.6 days. Prey consumption of horn fly; stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), and house fly, Musca domestica L., pupae by P. caffer larvae was compared. Although the total weight of all prey species consumed was similar, the number of prey consumed and the development time of beetle larvae varied with prey species. Horn fly pupae accounted for 65.6% of the prey consumed, whereas stable fly and house fly pupae accounted for 26.9% and 7.5%, respectively.

Biological control of house flies Musca domestica and stable flies Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) by means of inundative releases of Spalangia cameroni (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 555-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Skovgård ◽  
G. Nachman
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Stomoxys Calcitrans ◽  
Stable Fly ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Stable Flies

AbstractThe efficacy of the pupal parasitoid Spalangia cameroni Perkins as a biological control agent was tested against house flies Musca domestica Linnaeus and stable flies Stomoxys calcitrans (Linnaeus) in one dairy cattle and two pig installations in Denmark. Weekly releases of S. cameroni from April through to September–October 1999 and 2000 resulted in significant suppressions of house fly populations to below nuisance level, whereas no effect on stable flies was found. Parasitism was significantly higher in the release years compared to the control years, but was below 25% averaged over the fly season for each farm. A statistical model based on a functional relationship between the innate capacity of increase of the two fly species and three explanatory variables (air temperature, fly density and parasitism) provided a fairly good fit to data with the abundances of house flies and stable flies explained mostly by temperature, but intra- and interspecific competition, and parasitism had a significant effect as well. Overall, the model was capable of explaining 14% and 6.6% of the total variation in data for house fly and stable fly, respectively. Spalangia cameroni was the predominant parasitoid to emerge from exposed house fly pupae, but from mid summer onwards Muscidifurax raptor Girault & Sanders (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) was also quite common. The study indicated that biological control of house flies can be an efficient alternative to chemical control.

Musca autumnalis Deg. in North America (Diptera: Muscidae)

1953 ◽  
Vol 85 (11) ◽  
pp. 422-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Vockeroth
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
New World ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Musca Autumnalis

Musca domestica L., the house fly, has hitherto been the only species of the genus definitely known to occur in North America. West (1951) wrote: “This paucity of species in the New World is somewhat strange…it would not be surprising if one or more additional representatives of the genus Musca should sooner or later put in their appearance on the American scene.” An authentic record of a second species, M. autumnalis Deg. [=M. corvina Fab.], is therefore of considerable interest.

SURVEY AND RELEASE OF PARASITOIDS (HYMENOPTERA) ATTACKING HOUSE AND STABLE FLIES (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE) IN DAIRY OPERATIONS

1999 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
pp. 743-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja McKay ◽  
Terry D. Galloway
Keyword(s):  
House Fly ◽  
Stomoxys Calcitrans ◽  
Stable Fly ◽  
Nasonia Vitripennis ◽  
Pupal Parasitoid ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Stable Flies ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
The Status ◽  
No Releases

AbstractIn 1995, Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), a commercially available pupal parasitoid of the house fly, Musca domestica L., and stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), was purchased to examine the status of wasps being sold to Manitoba producers. Percentage of pupae parasitized, numbers of parasitoids per pupa, total parasitoids, and parasitoid sex ratio were determined for each shipment of parasitoids received. To determine the extent to which these wasps could successfully parasitize house flies and stable flies, parasitoids were released weekly in four Manitoba dairy barns and levels of parasitism estimated. In 10 622 freeze-killed sentinel house fly pupae, 2.2% were parasitized throughout the season by N. vitripennis, and 5.8% were parasitized by eight other species of parasitoids. Of 11 897 naturally occurring house fly and stable fly pupae, 0.6% were parasitized by N. vitripennis, and 3.4% by eight other species of parasitoids. In four barns where there were no releases of N. vitripennis, 1.1% of 11 779 sentinel pupae were parasitized by four species of parasitoids and 3.8% of 8384 naturally occurring house fly and stable fly pupae were parasitized by nine species. The release of an estimated 3 648 093 N. vitripennis did not result in substantial parasitism in either sentinel pupae or naturally occurring pupae. In 1996, live sentinel house fly pupae (n = 50 842) and house fly and stable fly pupae occurring naturally (n = 4691) were collected in two of the nonrelease barns from the 1995 study to examine the activity of endemic parasitoids. Of the sentinel and naturally occurring pupae sampled, 4.0% and 9.4% were parasitized, respectively. Phygadeuon fumator Gravenhörst (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) was the most abundant parasitoid, accounting for 97.4% and 79.9% of parasitoids collected from sentinel pupae and naturally occurring pupae, respectively. Other parasitoids included Urolepis rufipes (Ashmead), Muscidifurax raptor Girault and Sanders, Muscidifurax zaraptor Kogan and Legner, Spalangia subpunctata Först, Spalangia cameroni Perkins, Spalangia nigra Latreille, and a species of Trichomalopsis Crawford (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae).

Filth fly parasitoids on dairy farms in Ontario and Quebec, Canada

2004 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.A.P. Gibson ◽  
K.D. Floate
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Stable Fly ◽  
New Host ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Fly Control ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
New Host Records

AbstractHymenopterous parasitoids of filth flies (Diptera: Muscidae) were surveyed during 2 years on dairy farms in Ontario and Quebec near Ottawa, Ontario, using freeze-killed sentinel house fly (Musca domestica L.) pupae and naturally occurring fly pupae collected on site. Musca domestica and Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (stable fly) represented 98.3% of the natural fly hosts from which parasitoids emerged. Muscidifurax raptor Girault et Saunders, Nasonia vitripennis Walker, Pachycrepoideus vindemiae (Rondani), Spalangia cameroni Perkins, S. nigra Latreille, Trichomalopsis viridescens (Walsh), and Urolepis rufipes (Ashmead) (Pteromalidae) were recovered from both sentinel and natural fly pupae. Another eight species, S. drosophilae Ashmead, S. endius Walker, S. haematobiae Ashmead, S. nigroaenea Curtis, S. subpunctata Förster, Trichomalopsis dubia (Ashmead) (Pteromalidae), Aphaereta pallipes (Say) (Braconidae), and Phygadeuon ?fumator Gravenhörst (Ichneumonidae), were recovered only from natural pupae. Over the 2 years, M. raptor comprised 90.7% of emerged parasitoids from sentinel pupae but only 17.0% of emerged parasitoids from natural pupae. From natural pupae, S. cameroni, S. nigra, and S. nigroaenea collectively comprised 60.3% of emerged parasitoids; P. ?fumator comprised 13.5% and the remaining nine species 9.2%. The recoveries of S. endius and S. nigroaenea represent new distribution records for Canada, and several new host records are identified based on structure of the host fly puparium. The parasitoid fauna is compared with that known for western Canada, and recommendations are made for both regions concerning potential natural enemy enhancement for filth fly control.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document