Filth fly parasitoids on dairy farms in Ontario and Quebec, Canada

2004 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.A.P. Gibson ◽  
K.D. Floate
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Stable Fly ◽  
New Host ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Fly Control ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
New Host Records

AbstractHymenopterous parasitoids of filth flies (Diptera: Muscidae) were surveyed during 2 years on dairy farms in Ontario and Quebec near Ottawa, Ontario, using freeze-killed sentinel house fly (Musca domestica L.) pupae and naturally occurring fly pupae collected on site. Musca domestica and Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (stable fly) represented 98.3% of the natural fly hosts from which parasitoids emerged. Muscidifurax raptor Girault et Saunders, Nasonia vitripennis Walker, Pachycrepoideus vindemiae (Rondani), Spalangia cameroni Perkins, S. nigra Latreille, Trichomalopsis viridescens (Walsh), and Urolepis rufipes (Ashmead) (Pteromalidae) were recovered from both sentinel and natural fly pupae. Another eight species, S. drosophilae Ashmead, S. endius Walker, S. haematobiae Ashmead, S. nigroaenea Curtis, S. subpunctata Förster, Trichomalopsis dubia (Ashmead) (Pteromalidae), Aphaereta pallipes (Say) (Braconidae), and Phygadeuon ?fumator Gravenhörst (Ichneumonidae), were recovered only from natural pupae. Over the 2 years, M. raptor comprised 90.7% of emerged parasitoids from sentinel pupae but only 17.0% of emerged parasitoids from natural pupae. From natural pupae, S. cameroni, S. nigra, and S. nigroaenea collectively comprised 60.3% of emerged parasitoids; P. ?fumator comprised 13.5% and the remaining nine species 9.2%. The recoveries of S. endius and S. nigroaenea represent new distribution records for Canada, and several new host records are identified based on structure of the host fly puparium. The parasitoid fauna is compared with that known for western Canada, and recommendations are made for both regions concerning potential natural enemy enhancement for filth fly control.

STUDIES OF WESTERN TREE RUSTS: VI. THE AECIAL HOST RANGES OF MELAMPSORA ALBERTENSIS, M. MEDUSAE, AND M. OCCIDENTALIS

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolf G. Ziller
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Host Reaction ◽  
New Host ◽  
New Host Records

Results from controlled inoculation experiments show that conifers of six genera (Abies, Larix, Picea, Pinus, Psendotsuga, and Tsuga) are susceptible to the poplar (Populus) rusts of western Canada. Twenty-one new host records are established. It is suggested that Melampsora albertensis Arth. be reduced to synonymy with M. medusae Thüm., because they appear to be indistinguishable from each other in morphology, life history, host range, and host reaction.

Predicting nuisance fly outbreaks on cattle feedlots in subtropical Australia

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 343 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Godwin ◽  
D. G. Mayer ◽  
G. W. Brown ◽  
D. M. Leemon ◽  
P. J. James
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Stable Fly ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Fly Control ◽  
Cattle Feedlots

Flies are important arthropod pests in intensive animal facilities such as cattle feedlots, with the potential to cause production loss, transmit disease and cause nuisance to surrounding communities. In the present study, seasonal population dynamics of three important nuisance flies, namely house flies (Musca domestica L.), bush flies (M. vetustissima Walker) and stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), were monitored on cattle feedlots in south-eastern Queensland, Australia, over 7 years. Musca domestica was by far the dominant species, comprising 67% of the total flies trapped. Models were developed to assess the relationship between weather parameters and fly abundance and to determine whether population trends could be predicted to improve the timing of control measures. For all three species, there were two main effects, namely time-of-year (mainly reflected by minimum temperatures and solar radiation) and rainfall. The abundance of all three species increased with increasing temperature and rainfall, reaching a peak in summer, before decreasing again. Rainfall events resulted in significantly elevated numbers of M. domestica for up to 5 weeks, and for 1 week for M. vetustissima. Peak fly numbers were predicted by the model to occur in spring and summer, following 85–90-mm weekly rainfall. The population dynamics of S. calcitrans were least influenced by rainfall and it was concluded that weather variables were of limited use for forecasting stable fly numbers in this environment and production system. The models provide a useful tool for optimising the timing of fly-control measures, such as insecticide or biopesticide applications, adding to the efficiency of integrated control programs.

SURVEY AND RELEASE OF PARASITOIDS (HYMENOPTERA) ATTACKING HOUSE AND STABLE FLIES (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE) IN DAIRY OPERATIONS

1999 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
pp. 743-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja McKay ◽  
Terry D. Galloway
Keyword(s):  
House Fly ◽  
Stomoxys Calcitrans ◽  
Stable Fly ◽  
Nasonia Vitripennis ◽  
Pupal Parasitoid ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Stable Flies ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
The Status ◽  
No Releases

AbstractIn 1995, Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), a commercially available pupal parasitoid of the house fly, Musca domestica L., and stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), was purchased to examine the status of wasps being sold to Manitoba producers. Percentage of pupae parasitized, numbers of parasitoids per pupa, total parasitoids, and parasitoid sex ratio were determined for each shipment of parasitoids received. To determine the extent to which these wasps could successfully parasitize house flies and stable flies, parasitoids were released weekly in four Manitoba dairy barns and levels of parasitism estimated. In 10 622 freeze-killed sentinel house fly pupae, 2.2% were parasitized throughout the season by N. vitripennis, and 5.8% were parasitized by eight other species of parasitoids. Of 11 897 naturally occurring house fly and stable fly pupae, 0.6% were parasitized by N. vitripennis, and 3.4% by eight other species of parasitoids. In four barns where there were no releases of N. vitripennis, 1.1% of 11 779 sentinel pupae were parasitized by four species of parasitoids and 3.8% of 8384 naturally occurring house fly and stable fly pupae were parasitized by nine species. The release of an estimated 3 648 093 N. vitripennis did not result in substantial parasitism in either sentinel pupae or naturally occurring pupae. In 1996, live sentinel house fly pupae (n = 50 842) and house fly and stable fly pupae occurring naturally (n = 4691) were collected in two of the nonrelease barns from the 1995 study to examine the activity of endemic parasitoids. Of the sentinel and naturally occurring pupae sampled, 4.0% and 9.4% were parasitized, respectively. Phygadeuon fumator Gravenhörst (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) was the most abundant parasitoid, accounting for 97.4% and 79.9% of parasitoids collected from sentinel pupae and naturally occurring pupae, respectively. Other parasitoids included Urolepis rufipes (Ashmead), Muscidifurax raptor Girault and Sanders, Muscidifurax zaraptor Kogan and Legner, Spalangia subpunctata Först, Spalangia cameroni Perkins, Spalangia nigra Latreille, and a species of Trichomalopsis Crawford (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae).

Utilization of Freeze-killed House Fly and Stable Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Pupae by Three Pteromalid Wasps

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Pawson ◽  
J. J. Petersen ◽  
R. E. Gold
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Stomoxys Calcitrans ◽  
Stable Fly ◽  
Female Progeny

Utilization of freeze-killed house fly, Musca domestica L., and stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans L., pupae for development by the pteromalid parasitoids, Muscidifurax zaraptor Kogan and Legner, Pachycrepoideus vindemiae (Rondani) and Spalangia nigroaenea Curtis was investigated. All three species of parasitoids used both fly species as hosts. Parasitoid emergence from house fly and stable fly puparia was not significantly different for M. zaraptor and P. vindemiae. However, emergence of S. nigroaenea was significantly higher from house fly puparia than from stable fly puparia. When given a choice, all three pteromalid species preferred ovipositing on house fly pupae, as indicated by parasitoid emergence. Parasitoid emergence from house fly puparia comprised ca. 75, 58 and 90% of the total combined emergence from house fly and stable fly puparia for M. zaraptor, P. vindemiae and S. nigroaenea, respectively. For M. zaraptor, the proportion of female progeny from house fly puparia (ca. 60%) was significantly higher than that from stable fly puparia (ca. 47%). The proportion of females from house fly and stable fly puparia for P. vindemiae and S. nigroaenea was not significantly different.

The Breeding Media of some common Flies

1936 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Thomsen ◽  
Ole Hammer
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
House Fly ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
Stomoxys Calcitrans ◽  
Stable Fly ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common House

When studying the biology of the house-fly or any other fly annoying to man and domestic animals with a view to practical control, it is obvious that a correct knowledge of the breeding-places of the species is perhaps the most important problem which the investigator has to solve. As to the common house-fly (Musca domestica, L.) it is generally held that this problem has been completely cleared up by several workers years ago, but recent observations in Denmark have convinced the writers that this is not the case. We have arrived at conclusions regarding the chief breeding-places of the house-fly differing from those generally found in text-books.Our work has not been limited to Musca domestica, for we have as far as possible studied the breeding-places of other flies occurring in houses or connected with domestic animals, first and foremost the stable-fly (Stomoxys calcitrans, L.). The knowledge of the biology of the stable-fly in Europe is surprisingly meagre, though the practical interest of this species as a tormentor of cattle and horses and a possible vector of infectious diseases is generally recognised.As our observations may be of some interest to workers in other countries we have collected them in this paper, which constitutes the third of a series containing the main results of our investigations into the fly problem started under the auspices of the Health Organisation of the League of Nations and the Danish Committee of Rural Hygiene and with the support of the Danish Ministry of Agriculture and several private funds.

Laboratory Studies of DDT-Resistant House Flies (Diptera) in Canada

1953 ◽  
Vol 85 (9) ◽  
pp. 340-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. O. Roadhouse
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
House Flies

Early in the summer of 1949 reports were received that in various parts of Ontario and Quebec, particularly about dairy barns and stables, DDT residual sprays were not controlling the house fly, Musca domestica L. A preliminary investigation of these areas during that summer confirmed chat, in most instances, DDT applied as a residual spray was not giving satisfactory control. The DDT residual applications had been used at these dairy farms since 1946 and, in general, the insecticide had been properly applied. NevertheIess, a decline in control was noticed during 1948, even though the insecticide was applied more frequently than in previous years. Accordingly, studies were conducted on collections of these flies to ascertain whether shains of flies resistant to DDT had developed in Canada and, if so, to what degree.

The prevalence of Sarcocystis Lankester, 1882, in some bird species in western Canada, with notes on its life cycle

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 1915-1921 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Drouin ◽  
J. L. Mahrt
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
New Host ◽  
Migratory Routes ◽  
New Host Records

The prevalence of Sarcocystis in 930 birds of 58 species from western Canada is reported. All birds were examined for macroscopic cysts, and tissue from 916 birds was also examined histologically for microscopic cysts. Different prevalences were obtained for several species, and nine new host records are reported. Histological examination of muscle revealed Sarcocystis in many birds which would have otherwise been reported uninfected because only microscopic cysts were present. The prevalence of Sarcocystis in some anatids in Alberta was significantly different from two other surveys. Different migratory routes and overwintering g rounds in each of the studies are suggested as explanations for these findings. Several unsuccessful attempts to complete the life cycle using dogs, coyotes, mink, ferrets, cats, kittens, and rats are reported. The failure to establish infection in any of these carnivores with the macroscopic cysts from ducks is considered supporting evidence for the hypothesis that this parasite is transmitted by another host in another area.

A Study of the Environmental Factors Affecting the Dispersion of House Flies (Musca domestica L.) in a Dairy Community near Fort Whyte, Manitoba

1956 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 270-272
Author(s):  
William Hanec
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Fly Control

House fly control as practiced at present requires a combination of thorough sanitation supplemented with the use of insecticides. Farms vary considerably in the standard of sanitation maintained. The question arises whether a farmer who conscientiously applies house fly control measures on his premises will find his efforts frustrated by invasions of house flies breeding on less sanitary farm-steads in the neighborhood. To answer this question it is necessary to understand the factors that affect house fly dispersal. These include wind direction, intensity of mind-borne odors and possibly variation in the tendency of flies to migrate. Some of these questions were answered in investigations during the summer of 3951, by releasing and recovering radioactive house flies in a dairy community near Fort Whyte, Manitoba.

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