КЛІНІКО-ЕПІЗООТИЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПЕРЕБІГУ ЕКТОПАРАЗИТОЗІВ У ВЕЛИКОЇ РОГАТОЇ ХУДОБИ

Серед актуальних проблем розвитку сучасного скотарства вагому роль відіграють паразитарнізахворювання. У статті представлена проблема ектопаразитозів великої рогатої худоби в Сумськійобласті. На думку вітчизняних та зарубіжних вчених, основні економічні збитки, нанесені ектопара-зитами, зумовлені зниженням середньодобового приросту маси тіла молодняку та недоотриманням молока в період льоту комах. Метою нашої роботи було визначити поширення ектопаразитозів великої рогатої худоби у дрібних фермерських господарствах Сумської області та з’ясувати їхні клініко-епізоотичні особливості. За результатами проведених досліджень виявлено поширення гіпо-дермозу й сифункулятозу, екстенсивність яких у середньому становила 8,20 та 21,69 % відповідно, хвороби були спричинені збудниками Hypoderma bovis та H. lineatum й Linognathus vituli та Haema-topinus eurysternus відповідно. Під час клінічного обстеження тварин, хворих на гіподермоз, в літню пору року на волосяному покриві виявляли яйця підшкірних оводів. У місцях проникнення личинок під шкіру спостерігався свербіж, набряки підшкірної клітковини, болючість. У деяких тварин – пору-шення координації рухів. Під шкірою вздовж хребта ідентифікували жовна. В центрі їх були утво-рені отвори – норицеві ходи, з яких виділявся серозний, подекуди серозно-гнійний ексудат. За наявності сифункулятозної інвазії у тварин спостерігали свербіж, розчоси шкіри, локальне облисіння й дерматит, на шкірі були помітні краплі присохлої крові. Варто зазначити, що в умовах дрібних фермерських господарств Сумської області виявлені захворювання мали виражену вікову динаміку. Найбільшого ураження (16,67 %) на гіподермоз зазнавали тварини у віці від 1 до 2 років, а найниж-чого (2,17 %) – молодняк віком до 1 року. За наявності сифункулятозів, спричинених збудниками Linognathus vituli та Haematopinus eurysternus, найчастіше вражався молодняк віком до 1 року, де показник екстенсивності інвазії становив 33,70 %, а найменше – тварини віком старше 5 років з показником ураженості 10,48 %. Отримані дані мають надзвичайно важливе практичне значення, адже дають змогу практикуючим лікарям ветеринарної медицини здійснювати планування лікувально-профілактичних заходів, зважаючи на особливості перебігу хвороб у різних вікових груп тварин.

CATTLE HYPODERMATOSIS IN SOUTH TAJIKISTAN

The article presents data on the infestation of cattle by subcutaneous gadflies in the southern regions of Tajikistan. It has been established that two species of subcutaneous gadfly parasitize in cattle – Hypoderma bovis and Hypoderma lineatum. The prevalence of gadfly larva in cattle is 11.4–31.1% and the intensity of infection is 2–21 specimens, and Hypoderma lineatum larva is 4.6–11.3% and the intensity of infection is 5–15 specimens of connective tissue capsules per animal, respectively. Connective tissue capsules Hypoderma bovis in the back area of animals appeared in late January and early February, and Hypoderma lineatum in late December and early January. Development of larvae under the skin of animals lasted on average 50–55 days. The release of the Hypoderma lineatum larva was noted in the second and third decades of February, and the gadfly in mid-March. The flying of the Hypoderma lineatum imago is from mid-April to the second decade of June, and the gadfly from the second decade of May to early July at an optimal air temperature of 18–25°C. This is due to the fact that there are favorable natural and climatic conditions in these areas for the development of larvae in the pupation stage and a fairly dense population of animals (cattle) per a hectare of pasture.

Effect of Mixed Invasions of Hypoderma bovis and Ostertagia ostertagi in Cattle on Milk Yield and Contents in Polish Dairy Farms

Wide distribution of ecto- and endoparasites in cattle is a serious problem in the sustainability of a farm, due to the negative impact on animals’ health and productivity. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of antibodies against Ostertagia and Hypoderma in udder milk samples and the comparison of milk yield and content of the basic components of milk in ELISA-positive and ELISA-negative cows. Milk samples were collected from 148 lactating cows from 3 herds. Antibody detection was performed using specific ELISAs for Ostertagia ostertagi and Hypoderma bovis. Milk yield and content of protein, fat, and dry matter were studied in samples from each individual cow 11 times per year at 4 week intervals. The extensiveness of dual parasitic invasions in individual herds, estimated on the basis of udder milk testing with the ELISA test, varied and amounted to 3.22%, 11.36%, and 4.76% in the three studied herds, respectively. No antibodies were found in 61.2%, 22.7%, and 57.1% of the milk samples from the cows in each herd. The milk yield of ELISA-positive cows was significantly lower in comparison to the efficiency of ELISA-negative cows and amounted to 294 kg and even to 3672 kg of milk per year, per cow. No significant differences were found between the fat and protein contents of milk between ELISA-positive and -negative cows for both parasites.

Bovine hypodermatosis in Stavropol region: distribution, pathogenesis, veterinary and sanitary assessment of slaughter products

Summary. Data on distribution of hypodermatosis among large horned cattle in Stavropol region are presented in the article. It was proved that this pathology is widespread in this region. From 12% to 38% of animals from the total number of examined livestock are affected. Ordinary subcutaneous botfly (stroma) Hypoderma bovis de Geer and south subcutaneous botfly (pischevodnik) Hypoderma lineatum de Villers parasites on large horned cattle. The species ratio of gadflies is: Hypoderma bovis (de Gee - 61.1%, Hypoderma lineatum de Villers - 38.9%). The disease is widespread in all climatic zones of Stavropol region. Animals of all age and sex groups are infected, but young animals are more often affected. Linear relationship between the indicators of the transformation of climatic conditions in Stavropol region, the spread of hypodermatosis and the timing of treatment and preventive measures were determined. Authors proved that the complete death of H. bovis and H. lineatum imago (regardless of the time of their hatching) was noted when the temperature drops to -3°C for two days. Thus, this temperature determines the start of treatment and preventive measures against hypodermatosis in the area of animal welfare. When analyzing the histomorphological changes caused by H. bovis and H. lineatum in the body of large horned cattle, perforation of the skin, swelling of adjacent tissues, disorganization of the stroma and structural elements, erythrocyte aggregation, hemorrhages, hydropic degeneration of cellular elements, tissue necrosis, polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration of affected organs and tissues were observed. The data on pathogenesis were presented, the analysis of economic damage and the veterinary and sanitary assessment of the products of slaughter of cattle with hypodermatosis were carried out.

Blood Chemistry Value Assesment in Hypodermatosis of Cattle in the Chechen Republic

This article is devoted to the problem of cattle hypodermatosis caused by Hypoderma bovis De Geer and Hypoderma lineatum De Villers hypoderma flies. The results of studies of blood chemistry value of cattle diseased with hypodermatosis in the Chechen Republic are revealed in the article. The examination of ten blood samples taken from cattle diseased with animals hypodermatosis showed an increase in the activity of creatinine parameters above normal by 60 % or more, a significant decrease in carotene indicators (within 50 % or more), a relative decrease in crude protein, a decrease in glucose levels, an increase in alkaline phosphatase and alanine-aminotransferase, reduction of the studied reserve alkalinity index vol. % CO2 from 2 to 5 units (12 %) is lower, in six samples an increase in the activity of immunoglobulin IgA. All this is connected with the complex of pathomorphological changes expressed in the mechanical impact – traumatization, intoxication and hypersusceptibility of the organism of the infested animal with the development of inflammatory and dystrophic manifestations associated with injuries of muscle cells and tissues, intoxication, and an acid-alkali balance of the body shift in the acidic side (acidosis), pathological liver abnormality or diseases, with the defeat of organs and body systems, edema in different parts of the body, defect of immunoreaction and homeostasis in the body. Information obtained from biochemical screen provide an opportunity to conduct a deeper assessment of homeostasis and the body’s ability to self-regulate, promptly and comprehensively diagnosing diseases, study the dynamics of the development of pathological processes and conditions in the body, determine the clinical course and justifiably prescribe a complex of effective household and medical-preventive activities aimed at reducing the economic damage to livestock [8, 10].

Ecological concept of parasitic system functioning in cattle hypodermatosis

It is shown that agents of hypodermatosis of cattle are: ordinary subcutaneous gadfly (string) Hypoderma bovis de Geer and South subcutaneous gadfly (pediatric) Hypoderma lineatumde Villers. The data on the ubiquitous prevalence of hypodermatosis in all agricultural zones of the Stavropol territory are presented. It was established that hypodermatosis in cattle is more often recorded in pasture than stall-walking rearing. The extent of invasion in animals kept in farms of different forms of ownership is 15.4-42.5 %, the intensity of invasion varies within 18.5-29.5 specimens/head. It is emphasized that the activity of skin gadflies in the biocenosis during the day and spring-summer period is regulated by environmental conditions. Populations gadflies in the Stavropol region demonstrated a certain species ratio of Hypoderma bovis (De Gee – 64.7%, Hypoderma lineatum DeVillers and 33.7%. The factors of population size regulation of H. bovis and H. Lineatum were studied.

Hypodermosis in Northern Serbia (Vojvodina)

This paper describes the first documented case of cattle grub (hypodermosis) in Northern Serbia (Vojvodina). Subcutaneous warbles were determined in a si x year old Simmental cow, at nine places along the spine. After the extirpation of larvae, based on the morphological characterisation, larvae of the third stage of Hypoderma bovis were diagnosed. The cow was administered therapeutic treatment, which had a favorable outcome, with no signs of recurrence. To the authors’ best knowledge, the case described in this paper is the first documented case of hypodermosis in cattle in Northern Serbia (Vojvodina). As the climate changed in the past few decades, it is important to pursue detailed investigations of the prevalence of this parasitic myiasis, as there are few such literature data for the Southern region of Serbia. One should also not ignore the fact that species of the genus Hypoderma can cause myiasis in humans as well.