New species of the genus Camisia (Acari: Oribatida): an arboreal mite with enclosed sensilli

2002 ◽  
Vol 134 (6) ◽  
pp. 707-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Olszanowski ◽  
M.R. Clayton ◽  
L.M. Humble
Keyword(s):  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Oribatid Mite ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Coastal Forests ◽  
Distinctive Structure

AbstractA new oribatid mite (Acari), Camisia abdosensillasp.nov., is described from all instars, based on specimens from British Columbia, Canada. This species occurs on branches and foliose lichens in the canopies of western hemlock, Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg., 1898 (Pinaceae), and Pacific silver fir, Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex J. Forbes, 1939 (Pinaceae), growing in high elevation coastal forests. The most unusual feature of this species is the distinctive structure of the prodorsal trichobothrium in adults; the significantly reduced sensillus is completely enclosed within the bothridium. A resemblance between the structure of this organ and those of the superfamily Crotonioidea appears to have resulted from parallel evolution rather than being evidence of a sister-group relationship. Another species, Camisia islandica Gjelstrup and Solhøy, 1994, is herein recognized as a junior synonym of Camisia solhoeyi Colloff, 1993. A key of the Nearctic species of the genus Camisia is given.

Water stress and survival of three species of conifer seedlings planted on a high elevation south-facing clear-cut

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 1115-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Livingston ◽  
T. A. Black
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
High Survival ◽  
High Survival Rate ◽  
Poor Survival ◽  
Tolerance Mechanisms ◽  
Clear Cut

Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco), western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), and Pacific silver fir (Abiesamabilis (Dougl.) Forbes) container-grown 1-0 seedlings were spring planted on a south-facing high elevation clear-cut located on Mount Arrowsmith, Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Treatments, which included inclining seedlings to the southwest, provision of shade cards, irrigation, and irrigation and shade cards combined, were applied to determine whether modification of seedling microclimate would increase survival. Highest survival rates, regardless of treatment, were shown by Douglas-fir. By April 1984, 72 and 82% of untreated Douglas-fir seedlings planted in 1981 and 1982, respectively, survived, whereas survival of treated seedlings ranged from 81 to 95%. The high survival rate in Douglas-fir appeared to be due to their high drought tolerance. The osmotic potential of unirrigated Douglas-fir seedlings declined by over 1.1 MPa during the course of the 1982 growing season in response to decreasing soil water potentials and consequently turgor was maintained in the foliage. Transpiration rates of these seedlings were never less than 50% of those that were irrigated. Western hemlock and Pacific silver fir seedlings exhibited very poor survival, possibly owing to the lack of stress avoidance and tolerance mechanisms. Survival rates of the two species were increased by shade cards and irrigation but never exceeded 64%.

Systematics and ecology of Anachipteria geminus sp. nov. (Acari: Oribatida: Achipteriidae) from arboreal lichens in western North America

2008 ◽  
Vol 140 (5) ◽  
pp. 539-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoë Lindo ◽  
Marilyn Clayton ◽  
Valerie M. Behan-Pelletier
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Oribatid Mite ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Molecular Sequence Data ◽  
The Family

AbstractWe present the systematics and ecology of a new species of arboreal oribatid mite in the family Achipteriidae, Anachipteria geminussp. nov., a dominant arthropod in canopy lichens associated with western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. (Pinaceae)) and Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex Forbes (Pinaceae)) in the coniferous temperate and montane forests of the Pacific Northwest of North America. The species is described on the basis of the morphology of all active instars plus molecular sequence data for the D3 region of the 28s rRNA (D3-28s) and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) genes. Anachipteria geminus is the dominant oribatid mite in foliose lichens in the upper canopies of Pacific montane conifer trees. Specimens were found in 100% of canopy lichens sampled, and abundances can reach 1450 individuals / 100 g dry mass of lichen. Analysis of the population structure indicates that A. geminus has seasonally stable populations consistent with overlapping generations. Anachipteria geminus expresses morphological character states that require expanding the diagnoses of the genus Anachipteria and the family Achipteriidae. A revised diagnosis and morphological key to species of Anachipteria in Canada are given.

Spatial and population characteristics of dwarf mistletoe infected trees in an old-growth Douglas-fir – western hemlock forest

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 990-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C Shaw ◽  
Jiquan Chen ◽  
Elizabeth A Freeman ◽  
David M Braun
Keyword(s):  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Old Growth

We investigated the distribution and severity of trees infected with western hemlock dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium tsugense (Rosendahl) G.N. Jones subsp. tsugense) in an old-growth Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) – western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) forest. With the use of Hawksworth six-class dwarf mistletoe rating system, infection status was assessed for 3516 hemlock and true firs ≥5 cm diameter on a 12-ha stem-mapped plot located in the Cascade Mountains of southwest Washington State. Within the plot, 33% of the area had some level of infection and 25% (719) of western hemlocks, 2.2% (12) of Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis (Dougl.) Forbes), and 29% (2) of noble fir (Abies procera Rehd.) trees were infected. Infected trees are larger than uninfected trees, on average, and within the infected tree population, the severely infected trees averaged larger than lightly infected trees. Abundant dwarf mistletoe in larger trees definitely positions the dwarf mistletoe population for future spread. Ripley's K analysis indicates a negative association between infected and uninfected hemlock trees, confirming that the infected trees form distinct dwarf mistletoe infection centers. The infection centers are actively spreading at their margins, which was confirmed by nearest neighbor analysis. Heavily infected trees had a negative association with uninfected trees, while lightly infected trees had a positive association with uninfected trees.

The growth and water use of three species of conifer seedlings planted on a high-elevation south-facing clearcut

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1234-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Livingston ◽  
T. A. Black
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Seedling Leaf

Container-grown 1-0 seedlings of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco), western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), and Pacific silver fir (Abiesamabilis (Dougl.) Forbes) were spring planted on a south-facing high-elevation clearcut located on Mount Arrowsmith, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, and their growth and development was measured over three successive growing seasons. Treatments designed to modify seedling microclimate, including provision of shade cards, irrigation, and irrigation and shade cards combined, had a marked effect on the extent and type of growth in all species. Irrigated seedlings had the largest shoot dry masses and the highest shoot to root dry mass ratios. Shaded seedlings had larger shoots than untreated seedlings, which had the lowest shoot to root dry mass ratios. All seedlings showed a pronounced decline in seasonal growth 1 year after planting. Douglas-fir seedlings exhibited a high degree of drought tolerance; in the driest year there was only a 20% difference in total dry matter production between irrigated and nonirrigated seedlings. Western hemlock and Pacific silver fir seedlings, despite not being drought tolerant, expended water to achieve growth and thereby exposed themselves to desiccation. Measurements of growing-season seedling dry matter production were better related to estimates of growing-season transpiration, obtained by summing the products of seedling leaf area, hourly D/(RvT′), where D is vapour pressure deficit, Rv is the gas constant for water vapour, and T′ is the absolute air temperature, and stomatal conductance derived from a boundary-line analysis model, than to estimates of growing-season average total seedling canopy conductance, i.e., the average of the products of seedling leaf area and stomatal conductance.

Systematics and ecology of the genus Dendrozetes (Acari: Oribatida: Peloppiidae) from arboreal habitats in Western North America

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2403 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZOE LINDO ◽  
MARILYN CLAYTON ◽  
VALERIE BEHAN-PELLETIER
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Oribatid Mite ◽  
First Record ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Molecular Sequence Data

We present the systematics and ecology of a new species of arboreal oribatid mite in the family Peloppiidae (Acari: Oribatida), Dendrozetes jordani n. sp., a dominant arthropod on branch tips and arboreal lichens associated with western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Pinaceae)) and Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis (Pinaceae)) in the coniferous temperate and montane forests of the Pacific Northwest of North America. Dendrozetes jordani represents the first record of the genus Dendrozetes in North America. The species is described on the basis of morphology of all active instars plus molecular sequence data for the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene. Dendrozetes jordani is compared with type specimens of D. caudatus Aoki from Japan, and a revised diagnosis of the genus Dendrozetes is given. Dendrozetes jordani has a stable, overlapping population structure through the year, and its association with trees in Pinaceae is an ecological characteristic shared with D. caudatus from Japan.

BOTRYOSPHAERIA TSUGAE N. SP., CAUSING DIEBACK OF WESTERN HEMLOCK IN BRITISH COLUMBIA

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 769-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Funk
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Coastal Forests ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Conidial State

Botryosphaeria tsugae n. sp. was found to have a Macrophoma conidial state. The fungus causes cankers and dieback of branches and leaders of Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. in the coastal forests of British Columbia. The fungus attacks the cambium, kills meristematic cells, and causes the collapse of the phloem.

Modeling the incidence and severity of hemlock dwarf mistletoe in 110-year-old wind-disturbed forests in Southeast Alaska

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1501-1508 ◽  
Author(s):  
L M Trummer ◽  
P E Hennon ◽  
E M Hansen ◽  
P S Muir
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
Picea Sitchensis ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Coastal Forests ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Southeast Alaska ◽  
Preliminary Validation

Amodel was developed to predict the severity of dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium tsugense (Rosendahl) G.N. Jones) in western hemlock trees (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) that developed within forests of Southeast Alaska that experienced near-catastrophic windthrow in the late 1800s. The model suggests that the degree of dwarf mistletoe severity on western hemlock trees was significantly and positively correlated with levels of dwarf mistletoe infection and basal area (m2/ha) in large and small residual trees that survived the wind disturbance. No significant relationships were found between severity level and any other factors, including site productivity, density of coexisting Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.), or slope. The model demonstrates the overriding importance of infected residual trees to predict future severity of dwarf mistletoe; greater size and infection level of residual trees results in greater dwarf mistletoe levels on regenerating hemlock crop trees. The model, derived from 76 plots on Kuiu Island, was tested in 18 plots on Chichagof Island, providing a preliminary validation. Slower rates of dwarf mistletoe spread and intensification in forests of southeastern Alaska, as compared with similar coastal forests south of Alaska, provide an opportunity for managers to manipulate the parasite to desired levels in managed forests.

Old-Growth Douglas-Fir and Western Hemlock: A 36-Year Record of Growth and Mortality

1987 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 111-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean S. DeBell ◽  
Jerry F. Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Volume Growth ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Stand Volume

Abstract Growth and mortality were measured at 6-year intervals in a 1,180-acre old-growth stand in southwestern Washington. Principal tree species were Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla), Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis), western redcedar (Thuja plicata), and western white pine (Pinus monticola). They composed 59, 27, 6, 6, and 1%, respectively, of the total cubic volume (13,290 ft³) in 1947. Gross volume growth averaged 94 ft³ per acre per year, and mortality averaged 86 ft³ per acre per year. Net growth was therefore minimal, and total stand volume remained nearly constant for 36 years. Douglas-fir, which accounted for only one-third of the gross growth and nearly one-half of the mortality, is losing dominance to western hemlock, which provided nearly one-half the gross growth and only 28% of the mortality. Pacific silver fir increased in importance in the lower canopy and composed 60% of the in-growth. Thus, although net gain in timber volume was nil, substantial changes occurred in stand characteristics during the 1947-1983 period. West. J. Appl. For. 2(4):111-114, October 1987.

scholarly journals Comparative Susceptibility of Conifers to Western Hemlock Dwarf Mistletoe in the Cascade Mountains of Washington and Oregon

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Mathiasen ◽  
Carolyn M. Daugherty
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Mixed Conifer ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Resource Managers ◽  
Abies Procera ◽  
Live Tree

Abstract A total of 24 mixed conifer stands in Washington and Oregon infested with western hemlock dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium tsugense subsp. tsugense) were sampled to compare host susceptibility to this parasitic plant. Temporary circular plots were established around dominant, severely infected western hemlocks (Tsuga heterophylla). Within plots, species, diameter at breast height, and dwarf mistletoe rating (6-class system) were determined for each live tree. More than 5,700 trees were sampled in 275 plots. Based on the incidence of infection, tree species were assigned to host susceptibility classes. Western hemlock is classified as the only principal host of western hemlock dwarf mistletoe. Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis), noble fir (Abies procera), and mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana) are classified as occasional hosts. Resource managers can use the host susceptibility classifications based on this study for decisions regarding which trees to retain when selectively harvesting mixed conifer stands infested with western hemlock dwarf mistletoe in the Pacific Northwest. West. J. Appl. For. 20(2):94–100.

First description of the male of Cretaconiopteryx grandis Liu & Lu, 2017 (Neuroptera: Coniopterygidae) from the Cretaceous Burmese amber

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4674 (4) ◽  
pp. 482-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
HONGYU LI ◽  
BO WANG ◽  
XINGYUE LIU
Keyword(s):  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Burmese Amber ◽  
Representative Species ◽  
First Time

The male of Cretaconiopteryx grandis Liu & Lu, 2017, which is the only representative species of the extinct dustywing subfamily Cretaconiopteryginae, is described for the first time from the Upper Cretaceous Burmese amber. The male genitalia, well preserved in the examined specimen, show a number of plesiomorphic characters, which support the sister group relationship between Coniopterygidae and the rest of extant lacewing families. 

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