Sow Vaccination Against Virulent Glaesserella Parasuis Shapes the Nasal Microbiota of Their Offspring

Glaesserella parasuis is the etiological agent of Glässer’s disease, a common pathology in the pork industry with higher prevalence in the postweaning period. Vaccination is one of the strategies to control this disease. Here, we investigated the effect that sow vaccination against virulent strains of G. parasuis had in the nasal microbiota of their offspring. Nasal swabs from fifteen days-old piglets from vaccinated (vs-P, N=11) and unvaccinated sows (cs-P, N=11) were obtained and DNA was extracted for 16S amplicon sequencing. Microbiota composition was different, with lower diversity in vs-P, and a strong clustering of the groups in beta diversity analysis. Among the 1,509 sequences associated to either study group, all the sequences classified as G. parasuis (N=10) had lower relative abundance in the vs-P group. A list of 32 inferred metabolic pathways were statistically different between groups. A distinctive structure of the two microbial networks was detected, with modules in the cs-P not conserved in the vs-P network. In conclusion, vaccination of the sows had a large effect in the microbiota composition of their offspring that went beyond the effect on the targeted pathogen. The mechanisms underneath these changes may include alteration of the microbiota network due to the elimination of the targeted pathogen and/or immunological changes.

Alveoli form directly by budding led by a single epithelial cell

Oxygen passes along the ramifying branches of the lung's bronchial tree and enters the blood through millions of tiny, thin-walled gas exchange sacs called alveoli. Classical histological studies have suggested that alveoli arise late in development by a septation process that subdivides large air sacs into smaller compartments. Although a critical role has been proposed for contractile myofibroblasts, the mechanism of alveolar patterning and morphogenesis is not well understood. Here we present the three-dimensional cellular structure of alveoli, and show using single-cell labeling and deep imaging that an alveolus in the mouse lung is composed of just 2 epithelial cells and a total of a dozen cells of 7 different types, each with a remarkable, distinctive structure. By mapping alveolar development at cellular resolution at a specific position in the branch lineage, we find that alveoli form surprisingly early by direct budding of epithelial cells out from the airway stalk between enwrapping smooth muscle cells that rearrange into a ring of 3-5 myofibroblasts at the alveolar base. These alveolar entrance myofibroblasts are anatomically and developmentally distinct from myofibroblasts that form the thin fiber partitions of alveolar complexes ('partitioning' myofibroblasts). The nascent alveolar bud is led by a single alveolar type 2 (AT2) cell following selection from epithelial progenitors; a lateral inhibitory signal transduced by Notch ensures selection of only one cell so its trailing neighbor acquires AT1 fate and flattens into the cup-shaped wall of the alveolus. Our analysis suggests an elegant new model of alveolar patterning and formation that provides the foundation for understanding the cellular and molecular basis of alveolar diseases and regeneration.

Outstanding Photo-bioelectrochemical Cell by Integrating TiO2 and Chlorophyll as Photo-bioanode for Sustainable Energy Generation

Photosynthesis is a technique for converting light energy into chemical energy that is both efficient and sustainable. Chlorophyll in energy-transducing photosynthetic organisms is unique because of their distinctive structure and composition. In photo-bioelectrochemical research, the chlorophyll's quantum trapping efficiency is attractive. Chlorophyll from Spirulina platensis is demonstrated to communicate directly with TiO2-modified Indium Thin Oxide (ITO) to generate electricity without the use of any mediator. TiO2-modified ITO with a chlorophyll concentration of 100 % generated the greatest power density and photocurrent of approximately 178.15 mW/m2 and 596.92 mA/m2 from water oxidation under light among all the other materials. While the sensitivity with light was 0.885 mA/m2.lux, and Jmax value was 1085 mA/m2. Furthermore, the power and photocurrent density as a function of chlorophyll content are studied. The polarizability and Van der Waals interaction of TiO2 and chlorophyll are crucial in enhancing electron transport in photo-bioelectrochemical systems. As a result, this anode structure has the potential to be improved and used to generate even more energy.

Bioprinting of Cartilage with Bioink Based on High-Concentration Collagen and Chondrocytes

The study was aimed at the applicability of a bioink based on 4% collagen and chondrocytes for de novo cartilage formation. Extrusion-based bioprinting was used for the biofabrication. The printing parameters were tuned to obtain stable material flow. In vivo data proved the ability of the tested bioink to form a cartilage within five to six weeks after the subcutaneous scaffold implantation. Certain areas of cartilage formation were detected as early as in one week. The resulting cartilage tissue had a distinctive structure with groups of isogenic cells as well as a high content of glycosaminoglycans and type II collagen.

An LSTM-Based Approach to Predict Stock Price Movement for IT Sector Companies

A stock market is an aggregation of buyers and sellers where issuance, buying, and selling of stocks happen. Predicting stock price is a significant concern due to volatility. Historical stock price and historical price data reveal the effect of such factors. Since stock data is time series and prediction can be made accurately with time series forecasting model. LSTM (Long Short Term Memory) model, a particular kind of RNN (Recurrent Neural Network), based on time series forecasting used to predict stock price. LSTM doesn’t have long term dependencies because of its distinctive structure. The study focuses on major IT firms considering the company’s low and high prices. But, mid-price, which is a mean of the low and close price, is considered for the prediction. LSTM based methodology employing mid-price is effective in predicting values compared to other attributes and accuracy of prediction using the LSTM model. We conclude with the present model is more efficient in stock price prediction with a decrease in mean square error.

An LSTM-Based Approach to Predict Stock Price Movement for IT Sector Companies

A stock market is an aggregation of buyers and sellers where issuance, buying, and selling of stocks happen. Predicting stock price is a significant concern due to volatility. Historical stock price and historical price data reveal the effect of such factors. Since stock data is time series and prediction can be made accurately with time series forecasting model. LSTM (Long Short Term Memory) model, a particular kind of RNN (Recurrent Neural Network), based on time series forecasting used to predict stock price. LSTM doesn’t have long term dependencies because of its distinctive structure. The study focuses on major IT firms considering the company’s low and high prices. But, mid-price, which is a mean of the low and close price, is considered for the prediction. LSTM based methodology employing mid-price is effective in predicting values compared to other attributes and accuracy of prediction using the LSTM model. We conclude with the present model is more efficient in stock price prediction with a decrease in mean square error.

Experimental Investigation on Integrated Subsurface Monitoring of Soil Slope Using Acoustic Emission and Mechanical Measurement

Compared with slope surface measurement, subsurface monitoring has the potential to detect abnormal changes at an earlier stage. Due to the large-scale deformation of landslides and the complex geological environment, the existing subsurface devices generally have limited measuring range or high economic cost. Thus, it is urgent to develop an advanced method to improve the sustainable monitoring of large subsurface deformation. In this study, a novel flexible device is designed for slope subsurface monitoring, which combines an active waveguide of acoustic emission and the distinctive structure of a large-deformation bolt. An experimental system is built and a loading process of three-stage deformation is carried out to test the performance of the flexible device. The kinematic, mechanical and acoustic emission parameters are synchronously obtained in the whole landslide model test. The results indicate that different evolution stages of a landslide can be distinguished by sliding acceleration. The axial tension within the anchor cable changes consistently with sliding thrust. In addition, using acoustic emission to quantify slope deformation has achieved strong correlation. An extra experiment with constant velocity is conducted to explore the precision of deformation quantification by acoustic emission. A schematic diagram is presented for how this novel device would be used for landslide monitoring in the field, with the potential practicability of stabilizing the slope.

Graziaphylus, a new genus and two new species of Eremophila-feeding (Scrophulariceae) Phylinae (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae) from Australia

The new genus Graziaphylus is described to include two new species, Graziaphylus joceliae and G. nigripes. This new taxon is part of a large suite of Heteroptera from Australia known to feed on species of Eremophila (Scrophulariaceae), including other members of the Miridae as well as the Tingidae. The appearance of Graziaphylus spp. is similar to that of Xiphoidellus Weirauch and Schuh from Australia, and to Chlamydatus Fieber from the Northern Hemisphere (among other genera), but with scalelike setae, and elongate pulvilli adnate over most of the claw length, and the distinctive structure of the male genitalia.

A Review on MoS2 Properties, Synthesis, Sensing Applications and Challenges

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is one of the compounds discussed nowadays due to its outstanding properties that allowed its usage in different applications. Its band gap and its distinctive structure make it a promising material to substitute graphene and other semiconductor devices. It has different applications in electronics especially sensors like optical sensors, biosensors, electrochemical biosensors that play an important role in the detection of various diseases’ like cancer and Alzheimer. It has a wide range of energy applications in batteries, solar cells, microwave, and Terahertz applications. It is a promising material on a nanoscale level, with favorable characteristics in spintronics and magnetoresistance. In this review, we will discuss MoS2 properties, structure and synthesis techniques with a focus on its applications and future challenges.

PANTUN MELAYU BANGKA: KAJIAN BENTUK, FUNGSI, DAN MAKNA

People of Bangka, one of Indonesia’s region, keeps using pantun in their various traditional and national activities. However, it is a deep concern that such oral traditions is about to extinct. Therefore, a study on pantun is important. This study aimed to examine the form, function, and meaning of the Malayan-Bangka pantun. This research used descriptive qualitative method and documentation techniques. Primary data source were speech and printed information. Secondary data sources were theory of stucture and meaning of poetry by I.A. Richard, theory of function by William R. Bascom, and theory of meaning (semantics) by Pateda. The research resulted that Malayan-Bangka pantun had a distinctive structure and inner structure of meaning. Besides, Malayan-Bangka pantun functioned as means of communication, identity, decorating oral traditions, education and sermon speech, embodiment of customs, entertainment, cultural symbols, cultivating heroism, as well as a means of connecting Malayan-Bangka community. Key words: Malayan-Bangka pantun, structure, function, and meaning