Nesting biology and subsociality in Ceratina calcarata (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra M. Rehan ◽  
Miriam H. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Social Life ◽  
North American Species ◽  
Nesting Biology ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Active Season ◽  
Carpenter Bees ◽  
Nest Founding ◽  
Ceratina Calcarata

AbstractTo evaluate sociality in small carpenter bees (Ceratina Latreille), we studied the life history and nesting biology of a common eastern North American species, Ceratina (Zadontomerus) calcarata Robertson. Pan-trap and nest collections throughout the active season (May to September 2006) were used to assess C. calcarata’s seasonal phenology and nesting biology in southern Ontario. Adults overwintered in their natal nests. Males emerged in early May and occupied preexisting hollows in twigs and stems. Females emerged from hibernacula 2 weeks later, founding new nests. Nest founding and provisioning occurred throughout the spring; females remained with developing brood through the summer. Complete nests contained, on average, 6.9 offspring, with egg-to-adult development averaging 46 days. Ceratina calcarata is subsocial rather than solitary: mothers are long-lived and nest-loyal, and care for offspring from egg to adulthood. Subsociality is found in all behaviourally classified small carpenter bees, while some species cross the boundary into social life, making Ceratina an important genus for the study of the transition between solitary and social life.

Language and life history: A new perspective on the development and evolution of human language

2006 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Locke ◽  
Barry Bogin
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge ◽  
Human Language ◽  
Juvenile Period ◽  
Development Of Language ◽  
New Perspective

It has long been claimed that Homo sapiens is the only species that has language, but only recently has it been recognized that humans also have an unusual pattern of growth and development. Social mammals have two stages of pre-adult development: infancy and juvenility. Humans have two additional prolonged and pronounced life history stages: childhood, an interval of four years extending between infancy and the juvenile period that follows, and adolescence, a stage of about eight years that stretches from juvenility to adulthood. We begin by reviewing the primary biological and linguistic changes occurring in each of the four pre-adult ontogenetic stages in human life history. Then we attempt to trace the evolution of childhood and juvenility in our hominin ancestors. We propose that several different forms of selection applied in infancy and childhood; and that, in adolescence, elaborated vocal behaviors played a role in courtship and intrasexual competition, enhancing fitness and ultimately integrating performative and pragmatic skills with linguistic knowledge in a broad faculty of language. A theoretical consequence of our proposal is that fossil evidence of the uniquely human stages may be used, with other findings, to date the emergence of language. If important aspects of language cannot appear until sexual maturity, as we propose, then a second consequence is that the development of language requires the whole of modern human ontogeny. Our life history model thus offers new ways of investigating, and thinking about, the evolution, development, and ultimately the nature of human language.

scholarly journals Nesting Biology of Podium angustifrons Kohl (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae) in an Araucaria Forest Fragment

2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 493-500
Author(s):  
MLT. Buschini ◽  
CE. Buss
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Nesting Biology ◽  
Araucaria Forest ◽  
Trap Nests ◽  
French Guyana ◽  
Coated Surfaces

Podium angustifrons Kohl 1902 is a species of solitary wasp which nests in pre-existing cavities, with neotropical distribution in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Guyana and French Guyana. The aim of this study was to investigate the nesting biology of P. angustifrons, discussing aspects of their life history. To capture its nests, wooden trap-nests were installed in the Parque Municipal das Araucárias, Guarapuava (PR), Brazil, from January 2003 to April 2009. A total of 29 nests were collected, all during the warmer months. These showed no vestibular and intercalary cells, and their closures were made up of chewed plants and mud mixed with organic materials and resin-coated surfaces, sometimes showing a layer of lichens. The cells were provisioned with various wild species of cockroaches (Chorisoneura sp, Riata sp and Helgaia sp) in the nymph stage and/or adults. The sex ratio was 4.6 females per male, significantly higher that the expected 1:1. Most pre-pupae entered diapause in winter with development time ranging from 187 to 283 days for females and 180 to 283 days for males. Deaths occurred in 41.66% of cells provisioned, 33.33% were attributed to faulty development and 8.33% to Chrysididae.

Society, Nature, Emancipation

Why History? ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 154-190
Author(s):  
Donald Bloxham
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Vicarious Experience ◽  
Human History ◽  
Speculative Philosophy ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Intellectual Traditions ◽  
History Of

This chapter is predominantly concerned with the thought tendencies grouped under the heading ‘the Enlightenment’, with regulation caveats about variations in character, national and otherwise, of the intellectual traditions denoted by the term: the French, Scottish, and German cases are each given separate attention. The governing concern is with the most theoretically self-conscious attempts to establish the utility of History as a way of understanding the human experience in light of influential concepts like Volksgeist, circonstance, esprit général, represéntations, and even ‘relations of production’, that elucidated human diversity across time and place. When explaining the broad sweep of human history providential accounts were replaced by secular ones, though in some instances the latter were structurally similar to the former and so had some of the character of History as Speculative Philosophy. On the whole the scholarship under examination evinced a liberal spirit as regards confessional and national differences, though it was frequently marked by a partiality to occidental civilization. Overall, we see a shift away from the study of religious and political institutions and towards—or back towards, insofar as there was some crossover with the French ‘new History’ of the sixteenth century—civic morals, culture, and the structural conditions of social life. History expanded further from being an instruction in statecraft for public men to proffering more rounded edification in the form of vicarious experience of different spheres of life.

The life histories of north-temperate populations of the crayfish Cambarus robustus and Cambarus bartoni

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 2313-2322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Premysl Hamr ◽  
Michael Berrill
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Carapace Length ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
The Third ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
First Time

The life histories of the crayfish Cambarus robustus and Cambarus bartoni were studied in the Kawartha Lakes region of southern Ontario. There were marked differences in their breeding and molting cycles compared with the familiar pattern of the Orconectes species of this region. Egg extrusion occurred later (July in C. robustus, June in C. bartoni), and juveniles therefore did not become free living until late summer or early fall. With little growing time in their first summer, they measured only 5–10 mm in carapace length (CPL) before growth ceased for the winter. At the end of their second summer the still immature crayfish measured 17–26 mm CPL in C. robustus and 13–20 mm CPL in C. bartoni. Maturity was therefore not attained until the end of the third summer, when most C. robustus matured at 34–45 mm CPL and C. bartoni at 25–30 mm CPL. The majority of individuals apparently reproduced for the first time during their fourth summer; a few apparently survived into another summer, reaching carapace lengths greater than 50 mm in C. robustus and 30 mm in C. bartoni. In males of both species, form 1 and form 2 occur throughout the summer. Although lacking the synchrony of Orconectes species, breeding and molting activities are still confined to the period between April and October. The timing of the life-history events observed in these two Cambarus species may be adaptations to seasonal stresses of the swift water environments that these species inhabit as well as to the relative harshness of the northern temperate climate.

scholarly journals Nesting Biology of Xylocopa xinjiangensis (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Xylocopinae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunling He ◽  
Chaodong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Social Evolution ◽  
Western China ◽  
Straight Chain ◽  
Nesting Biology ◽  
Wood Structures ◽  
Soil Walls ◽  
Building Process ◽  
Carpenter Bees ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wooden Structures

Abstract Xylocopa, an important genus in Hymenoptera: Apidae, is of great significance in research on the early stages of insect social evolution. Most species in this genus burrow into wooden structures. Only the Proxylocopa subgenus nests in the soil. Here, we report the nesting behavior of Xylocopa xinjiangensis (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Xylocopinae), which is distributed only in Western China. During July 2013 and August 2016, we observed the nest architecture and nest building process of X. xinjiangensis. X. xinjiangensis is solitary and nests in the soil walls of gullies, mounds, and cliffs in the Manas area, Xinjiang, multiplying at the rate of one generation a year. Newly emerged females eclose in the fall and build wintering nests first. The next spring, outbound wintering females build breeding nests, although a few wintering females may use the breeding nests built by their mothers. The location and structure of X. xinjiangensis wintering nests are different from those of the breeding nests. The wintering nest is simple in structure, consisting of a tunnel leading perpendicularly from the surface to the interior. The structure of the breeding nest may be either a branching tunnel or a straight-chain tunnel. The first cell that X. xinjiangensis builds in the breeding nest is closest to the entrance, which is a significant difference from the behavior of carpenter bees that construct nests in wood structures. The results of this study lay the foundation for the utilization and protection of X. xinjiangensis resources and facilitate a better understanding of the evolution of the Xylocopa population.

Nesting biology and life history of the dung beetle Onthophagus lecontei (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Arellano ◽  
C. Castillo-Guevara ◽  
C. Huerta ◽  
A. Germán-García ◽  
C. Lara
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Nesting Behavior ◽  
Nesting Biology ◽  
Preimaginal Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Capra Aegagrus

Obtaining knowledge about a species’ life history and reproductive behaviour is fundamental for understanding its biology, ecology, and potential role in ecosystem services. Here, we focused on the dung beetle species Onthophagus lecontei. Adults were collected in the field and then confined to terrariums, where they were supplied with semi-fresh domestic goat dung (Capra aegagrus Erxleben, 1777). After being paired (26 pairs), the nesting behavior of beetles was observed under laboratory conditions and the preimaginal development of individuals obtained from mating (from the deposition of the egg until the emergence of the adult) was described. Their nesting behavior was found to be characteristic of what is known as pattern I, which comprises building of brood masses, oviposition of a single egg in each brood mass, development of three larval instars, construction of a pupation chamber, pupal stage and adult emergence. Both sexes were involved in the handling of dung, tunnel construction, and mass nest elaboration. Pairs built from one to seven brood masses. The pre-nesting period (feeding) lasted 16 days; the egg stage two days, the larval period 22 days; the pupal period 11 days and the imagoes four days, after which the adults emerged. Our results are discussed and compared with other species in the genus. However, our knowledge of this dung beetle is still limited, and further studies are required in all areas of its biology.

Observations on the Life History of Laemophloeus minutus (Ol.) (Col. Cucujidae) when bred on various Stored Cereals and Cereal Products

1954 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwyneth C. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Cereal Products ◽  
High Death Rate ◽  
High Death ◽  
History Of ◽  
Newly Hatched Larvae ◽  
Maize Germ

Laemophloeus minutus (Ol.) has been reared on six food materials of a type with which the genus, Laemophloeus, is commonly associated in the field. Consideration of the length of egg to adult development, together with the mortality, recorded from each medium indicates that Manitoba wheat and whole-meal flour are equally favourable for the development of the species, followed in order of precedence by Plate maize, English wheat and, finally, National (85 per cent. extraction) and Canadian (70–75 per cent. extraction) flour which proved equally unfavourable.The stage of the life-history at which mortality mainly occurred varied with the diet. The high death-rate on English wheat was caused by the inability of newly hatched larvae to enter grains undamaged in the germ region. Mortality on National and Canadian flour occurred chiefly in the fourth instar.There were indications of cannibalism in both larval and adult stages, at any rate when the diet was unfavourable.The germ of wheat was attacked in preference to any other part of the grain. Maize germ was also consumed but whether it was preferred to the same extent as that of wheat was not established.Pupation was mainly, but not exclusively, intergranular in wheat. Normal cocoons were formed in National and Canadian flours but some larvae pupated in loose webbing or in flour free from webbing and freshly emerged adults were observed in unwebbed National and Canadian flour.

The Life History of Aptesis basizona (Grav.) on Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.) in Southern Ontario

1961 ◽  
Vol 93 (11) ◽  
pp. 1005-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Neodiprion Sertifer ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
History Of

Aptesis biasizona (Grav.) is a common and widely distributed parasite of diprionid sawflies in central, western, and northern Europe, with parasitism varying from three to 90 per cent on different hosts and in different areas. One of these sawflies, Neodiprion sertifer (Geoff.), is very commonly attacked, with parasitism of 30 to 80 per cent in Czechoslovakia, 10 to 52 per cent in Hungary, and 17.5 to 40 per cent in Sweden (Morris et al., 1937).

Life history patterns of Hydropsyche bronta and H. morosa (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in summer-warm rivers of southern Ontario

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary J. Mackay
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Larval Instars ◽  
Life History Patterns

Life history patterns are described for Hydropsyche bronta and Hydropsyche morosa in the Credit and Humber rivers of southern Ontario. In the lower reaches (stream orders 4 and 5) of these rivers, summer water temperatures exceed 24 °C for 3 months and reach maxima of 27–30 °C. Here H. morosa appeared to be bivoltine while at least half of the H. bronta population at each of four sites was trivoltine. At a fifth site below an impoundment on a second-order tributary to the Humber, H. bronta was bivoltine; H. morosa was extremely rare at this site and in upper reaches in general. Hydropsyche bronta is smaller than H. morosa and tends to overwinter in slightly older larval instars than H. morosa. Both these characteristics, and the fact that H. bronta is probably living in the optimal part of its habitat range in the Credit and Humber, may explain its ability to be trivoltine.

Notes on the Biology of the Pitted Ambrosia Beetle, Corthylus punctatissimus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), in Ontario and Quebec

1967 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Finnegan
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Ambrosia Beetle ◽  
Southern Ontario

AbstractThe pitted ambrosia beetle, Corthylus punctatissimus (Zimm.), was studied during widespread infestations in sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) stands of southern Ontario and Quebec. A brief description of each stage of the insect is given, and its life history and habits, as well as the damage caused to the host plant are discussed.

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