Density Measurement of Three-Phase Flows Inside of Vertical Piping Using Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence PLIF

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Brooke McCleney ◽  
Kevin Robert Supak
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Transient Flow ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Mixture Density ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Planar Laser ◽  
Flow Features ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Oil Gas

Abstract Planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) is a measurement technique that can be used to provide a laboratory reference for validating the performance of field instrumentation that either directly measures mixture density or infers it from a combination of ancillary techniques. PLIF density measurements offer high-speed response and the ability to resolve minute flow features in transient flow patterns. Fundamentally, PLIF can also be used to verify multiphase flow models and predictive tools that are used for designing production piping. The use of PLIF to determine an instantaneous mixture density of two-phase flows has been successfully accomplished in previous fundamental laboratory studies found in literature. However, the use of this technique to determine the mixture density of three-phase flows for field-related scenarios has not been previously evaluated. To assess PLIF as a potential reference measurement system, a testing effort was undertaken to measure the instantaneous mixture density from a comingled oil-gas, water-oil, and oil-water-gas flow that was subjected to slug, churn, and bubble transient flow conditions inside of vertical piping. The objective of this work was to compare and validate the results obtained using the PLIF measurement approach against a commercially available gamma densitometer and tomography system for a variety of flowing conditions. The PLIF technique was able to resolve transient flow features and density values for both two-phase and three-phase flows through the piping. Distinct slug flow features such as the slug head, gas pocket, pocket collapse, and the tail were captured by PLIF and were observable in the raw image sequence captured by a high-speed camera. Additionally, the results for a variety of water-oil-gas flowing conditions were within 3% difference of a mixture density model that was calculated from liquid and gas flow measurements utilized in the test facility. The comparison of the PLIF results to the reference instrumentation indicates that this technique is successful at obtaining a mixture density for steady and transient oil, water, and gas comingled flows.

scholarly journals Bubble Dynamics in a Two-Phase Bubbly Mixture

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvind Jayaprakash ◽  
Sowmitra Singh ◽  
Georges Chahine
Keyword(s):  
Void Fraction ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Bubble Dynamics ◽  
Bubble Radius ◽  
Discharge Voltage ◽  
Large Bubble ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Mixture Density ◽  
Bubbly Medium

The dynamics of a primary relatively large bubble in a water mixture including very fine bubbles is investigated experimentally and the results are provided to several parallel on-going analytical and numerical approaches. The main/primary bubble is produced by an underwater spark discharge from two concentric electrodes placed in the bubbly medium, which is generated using electrolysis. A grid of thin perpendicular wires is used to generate bubble distributions of varying intensities. The size of the main bubble is controlled by the discharge voltage, the capacitors size, and the pressure imposed in the container. The size and concentration of the fine bubbles can be controlled by the electrolysis voltage, the length, diameter, and type of the wires, and also by the pressure imposed in the container. This enables parametric study of the factors controlling the dynamics of the primary bubble and development of relationships between the bubble characteristic quantities such as maximum bubble radius and bubble period and the characteristics of the surrounding two-phase medium: micro bubble sizes and void fraction. The dynamics of the main bubble and the mixture is observed using high speed video photography. The void fraction/density of the bubbly mixture in the fluid domain is measured as a function of time and space using image analysis of the high speed movies. The interaction between the primary bubble and the bubbly medium is analyzed using both field pressure measurements and high-speed videography. Parameters such as the primary bubble energy and the bubble mixture density (void fraction) are varied, and their effects studied. The experimental data is then compared to simple compressible equations employed for spherical bubbles including a modified Gilmore Equation. Suggestions for improvement of the modeling are then presented.

Influence of Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Intermittent Flow on Hydraulic Sand Dune Migration in Horizontal Pipelines

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Afshin Goharzadeh ◽  
Peter Rodgers ◽  
Chokri Touati
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Sand Dune ◽  
Front Velocity ◽  
Intermittent Flow ◽  
Sand Particle ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Horizontal Pipe ◽  
Particle Mobility ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Gas Ratio

This paper presents an experimental study of three-phase flows (air-water-sand) inside a horizontal pipe. The results obtained aim to enhance the fundamental understanding of sand transportation due to saltation in the presence of a gas-liquid two-phase intermittent flow. Sand dune pitch, length, height, and front velocity were measured using high-speed video photography. Four flow compositions with differing gas ratios, including hydraulic conveying, were assessed for sand transportation, having the same mixture velocity. For the test conditions under analysis, it was found that the gas ratio did not affect the average dune front velocity. However, for intermittent flows, the sand bed was transported further downstream relative to hydraulic conveying. It was also observed that the slug body significantly influences sand particle mobility. The physical mechanism of sand transportation was found to be discontinuous with intermittent flows. The sand dune local velocity (within the slug body) was measured to be three times higher than the averaged dune velocities, due to turbulent enhancement within the slug body.

Numerical Simulation and Analysis of Effect of Injection Volume on Biomass Particle Cyclone Venturi Dryer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guohai Jia ◽  
Guoshuai Tian ◽  
Zicheng Gao ◽  
Dan Huang ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Continuous Phase ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Velocity Change ◽  
Injection Volume ◽  
Wood Debris

Abstract Cyclone venturi dryer is suitable for drying materials with large particle size and wide distribution. The working process of cyclone venturi dryer is a very complicated three-dimensional and turbulent motion, so it is difficult to be studied theoretically and experimentally. In order to study the internal flow characteristics of the biomass particle cyclone venturi dryer, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software was used to simulate the gas-solid two-phase flow field inside the cyclone venturi dryer. The continuous phase adopts the Realizable k-ε turbulence model and the particle phase is discrete. The effects of different injection volume on the pressure, velocity, and temperature fields inside a cyclone venturi dryer were analyzed. The results showed that the maximum pressure drop and velocity change inside the dryer were at the venturi pipe. The wet material of the cyclone venturi dryer was inhaled into the venturi contraction tube by the negative pressure formed after the highspeed airflow was ejected, thus the mixture was completed in the venturi throat. The wood debris material was mixed with the high-speed hot gas flow in the venturi throat and then sprayed into the diffusion pipe. In the diffusion pipe of venturi, the heat and mass transfer process of wet wood debris and heat flow in venturi diffusion tube was completed. It is in good agreement with the simulation results. This study can provide a reference for the optimization design of the related cyclone venturi dryer structure.

The Effect of Gas Evolution on Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Fluid Flow in Pipeline

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geylani M. Panakhov ◽  
Eldar M. Abbasov ◽  
Sayavur I. Bakhtiyarov ◽  
Dennis A. Siginer
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Variable Cross Section ◽  
Throughput Capacity ◽  
Hydrodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Variable Cross ◽  
Gas Generation ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Oil Gas

A relative motion of different phases leads to formation of certain forces at the interface of transported fluid and pipe walls. In the non-isothermal flow case a thermal interaction between the phases will affect the flow velocity, the pressure and the temperature distributions in variable cross section pipes. Laboratory experiments were conducted in order to study the effects of the gas generation at the pipe walls on the hydrodynamic characteristics of the two-phase oil/gas flow. It is shown that a throughput capacity of the pipe is affected by the temperature difference between the oil and the pipe walls. At certain temperature difference value (∼3°C) the pipe capacity reached a maximum value.

Application of Wavelet Analysis for Online Measurement of Crude Oils

2005 ◽  
Vol 295-296 ◽  
pp. 417-422
Author(s):  
X. Li ◽  
Z.L. Ding ◽  
F. Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Analysis ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Lms Algorithm ◽  
Crude Oils ◽  
Online Measurement ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Water Gas

The correlation method had once been considered as one of the best methods for the measurement of multiphase flow. However, if the behavior of flow does not fit the ergodic random process, the measured cross correlation plot will have a gross distortion when the different components of flow do not pervade within one another to the full extent. We measured a variety of parameters of three phase oil/water/gas flow in an oil pipeline. The change of flow pattern is so complex that the measured signals are always contaminated by stochastic noises. The weak signals are very easily covered by the noise so that it will result in great deviation. Wavelet transformation is an analytical method of both time and frequency domain. The method can achieve signal decomposition and location in time and frequency domain through adjustment and translation of scale. An LMS algorithm in wavelet transform is studied for denoising the signals based on the use of a novel smart capacitive sensor to measure three phase oil/water/gas flow in oil pipeline. The results of simulation and data processing by MATLAB reveal that wavelet analysis has better denoising effects for online measurement of crude oils with high measurement precision and a wide application range.

Hydrodynamic Modeling of Three-Phase Flow in Production and Gathering Pipelines

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Zaghloul ◽  
Michael Adewumi ◽  
M. Thaddeus Ityokumbul
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Fluid Model ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Gas Oil ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Flow Reduction ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Three Phase Flow ◽  
Oil Water

The transport of unprocessed gas streams in production and gathering pipelines is becoming more attractive for new developments, particularly those is less friendly enviroments such as deep offshore locations. Transporting gas, oil, and water together from wells in satellite fields to existing processing facilities reduces the investments required for expanding production. However, engineers often face several problems when designing these systems. These problems include reduced flow capacity, corrosion, emulsion, asphaltene or wax deposition, and hydrate formation. Engineers need a tool to understand how the fluids travel together, quantify the flow reduction in the pipe, and determine where, how much, and the type of liquid that would from in a pipe. The present work provides a fundamental understanding of the thermodynamics and hydrodynamic mechanisms of this type of flow. We present a model that couples complex hydrodynamic and thermodynamic models for describing the behavior of fluids traveling in near-horizontal pipes. The model incorporates: • A hydrodynamic formulation for three-phase flow in pipes. • A thermodynamic model capable of performing two-phase and three-phase flow calculations in an accurate, fast and reliable manner. • A new theoretical approach for determining flow pattern transitions in three-phase (gas-oil-water) flow, and closure models that effectively handle different three-phase flow patterns and their transitions. The unified two-fluid model developed herein is demonstrated to be capable of handling systems exhibiting two-phase (gas-water and gas-oil) and three-phase (gas-oil-water) flow. Model predictions were compared against field and experimental data with excellent matches. The hydrodynamic model allows: 1) the determination of flow reduction due to the condensation of liquid(s) in the pipe, 2) assessment of the potential for forming substances that might affect the integrity of the pipe, and 3) evaluation of the possible measures for improving the deliverability of the pipeline.

scholarly journals Axial dispersion of the liquid phase on a three-phase Karr reciprocating plate column

2004 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 581-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljubisa Nikolic ◽  
Vesna Nikolic ◽  
Vlada Veljkovic ◽  
Miodrag Lazic ◽  
Dejan Skala
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Dispersion Coefficient ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Axial Dispersion ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Phase Liquid ◽  
Similar Equation ◽  
Plate Column

The influence of the gas flow rate and vibration intensity in the presence of the solid phase (polypropylene spheres) on axial mixing of the liquid phase in a three phase (gas-liquid-solid) Karr reciprocating plate column (RPC) was investigated. Assuming that the dispersionmodel of liquid flow could be used for the real situation inside the column, the dispersion coefficient of the liquid phase was determined as a function of different operating parameters. For a two-phase liquid-solid RPC the following correlation was derived: DL = 1.26(Af)1.42 UL 0.51 ?S 0.23 and a similar equation could be applied with ? 30 % confidence for the calculation of axial dispersion in the case of a three-phase RPC: DL = 1.39(Af)0.47 UL0.42UG0.03 ?S -0.26.

Two-Phase Wakes in Adiabatic Liquid-Gas Flow Around a Cylinder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dohwan Kim ◽  
Matthew J. Rau
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Reynolds Number ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Water Channel ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Flow Around A Cylinder ◽  
High Heat Transfer

Abstract Small tubes and fins have long been used as methods to increase surface area for convective heat transfer in single-phase flow applications. As demands for high heat transfer effectiveness has increased, implementing evaporative phase-change heat transfer in conjunction with small fins, tubes, and surface structures in advanced heat exchanger and heat sink designs has become increasingly attractive. The complex two-phase flow that results from these configurations is poorly understood, particularly in how the gas phase interacts with the flow structure of the wake created by these bluff bodies. An experimental study of liquid-gas bubbly flow around a cylinder was performed to understand these complex flow physics. A 9.5 mm diameter cylinder was installed horizontally within a vertical water channel facility. A high-speed camera captured the movement of the liquid-gas mixture around the cylinder for a range of bubble sizes. Liquid Reynolds number, calculated based on the cylinder diameter, was varied approximately from 100 to 3000. Time-averaged probability of bubble presence was calculated to characterize the cylinder wake and its effects on the bubble motion. The influence of the liquid Reynolds number, superficial air velocity, and bubble size is discussed in the context of the observed two-phase flow patterns.

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