A case-control study on the risk factors of cerebral infarction in rural areas of Okayama prefecture

Data on asthma aetiology in Africa are scarce. We investigated the risk factors for asthma among schoolchildren (5–17 years) in urban Uganda. We conducted a case-control study, among 555 cases and 1115 controls. Asthma was diagnosed by study clinicians. The main risk factors for asthma were tertiary education for fathers (adjusted OR (95% CI); 2.32 (1.71–3.16)) and mothers (1.85 (1.38–2.48)); area of residence at birth, with children born in a small town or in the city having an increased asthma risk compared to schoolchildren born in rural areas (2.16 (1.60–2.92)) and (2.79 (1.79–4.35)), respectively; father’s and mother’s history of asthma; children’s own allergic conditions; atopy; and cooking on gas/electricity. In conclusion, asthma was associated with a strong rural-town-city risk gradient, higher parental socio-economic status and urbanicity. This work provides the basis for future studies to identify specific environmental/lifestyle factors responsible for increasing asthma risk among children in urban areas in LMICs.

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Determinants of maternal deaths amongst mothers who suffered from post-partum haemorrhage: a community-based case control study

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20182472 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (7) ◽

pp. 2814

Author(s):

Divya Khanna ◽

Jai Veer Singh ◽

Monika Agarwal ◽

Vishwajeet Kumar

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Paired Data ◽

Community Based ◽

Maternal Deaths ◽

Control Study

Background: The WHO estimates that, of the 529 000 maternal deaths occurring every year 136 000 take place in India amongst which postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) being the most (29.6%) commonly reported complication. However deaths from PPH can be prevented. The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors contributing to maternal deaths amongst women who develop PPH.Methods: This was a community based paired case-control study done in rural areas of Lucknow, UP (India) done in a period of one year. Thirty-one maternal deaths due to PPH (cases) were matched and compared with two mothers who survived from PPH (controls). Data was analysed using SPSS version 17.0 and Open Epi version 2.3. The appropriate significance test was applied using MacNemar test for paired data. Risk factors obtained significant in bivariate analysis were subjected to conditional multiple logistic regressions for adjustment and controlling the effect of confounding variables. Results have been given in form of unadjusted Odds ratio (UOR) and adjusted Odds ratio (AOR).Results: It was seen that the mothers who had taken ≥4 antenatal visits during the index pregnancy had a protective effect against deaths due to PPH. Home delivery raised the odds of death by seven times.Conclusions: Deaths due to PPH can be reduced by ensuring institutional delivery, good antenatal care and better referral facilities, especially for mothers from weaker sections of society.

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Risk Factors for Acute Respiratory Infections in Children Between 0 and 23 Months of Age in a Peri-Urban District in Pakistan: A Matched Case–Control Study

Frontiers in Pediatrics ◽

10.3389/fped.2021.704545 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Fatima Mir ◽

Shabina Ariff ◽

Maria Bhura ◽

Suhail Chanar ◽

Apsara Ali Nathwani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Childhood Mortality ◽

Urban District ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Matched Case ◽

Matched Case Control Study ◽

Control Study

Background: Acute respiratory infection (ARI) accounts for nearly 15% of all childhood mortality in South Asia, with children from rural areas at higher risk due to inaccessibility to healthcare facilities. We therefore aimed to identify risk factors associated with ARI in children under 2 years of age in rural Pakistan.Methods: A retrospective 1:2 matched case–control study was conducted between October and December 2018 in Taluka Kotri, Jamshoro District of Pakistan. Cases were identified as children between 0 and 23 months of age with a history of fever, cough, sore throat, fast breathing, difficulty breathing, or chest indrawing in the 2 weeks prior to the survey. Controls were participants without symptoms of ARI, matched based on age in months. Data analysis was conducted using STATA version 15. Univariate and multivariable conditional logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with ARI, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: We identified 1,071 cases of ARI who were matched with 2,142 controls. Multivariable analysis revealed that female gender [odds ratio (OR) 0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.67–0.91], exclusive breastfeeding (OR 0.81, 95% CI: 0.69–0.97), and comorbidity with diarrhea (OR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.40–1.91) were significantly associated with ARI.Conclusion: Pakistan continues to progress toward reducing childhood mortality, particularly ARI-related deaths, for which it bears a great burden. This study identifies risk factors such as the male gender, breastfeeding, and comorbidities with diarrhea, which could open grounds for further programmatic implications in targeting a multifaceted approach to reducing incidences of ARI in rural areas of the country.

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An analysis of risk factors of non-fatal drowning among children in rural areas of Guangdong Province, China: a case-control study

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/1471-2458-10-156 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Wen Jun Ma ◽

Shao Ping Nie ◽

Hao Feng Xu ◽

Yan Jun Xu ◽

Xiu Ling Song ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Guangdong Province ◽

Case Control ◽

Control Study

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A Population-based Case-control Study on Risk Factors for Gastric Cardia Cancer in Rural Areas of Linzhou

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention ◽

10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.5.2897 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 2897-2901 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Chang-Qing Sun ◽

Yu-Bo Chang ◽

Ling-Ling Cui ◽

Jia-Jun Chen ◽

Nan Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Population Based ◽

Case Control ◽

Gastric Cardia ◽

Cardia Cancer ◽

Gastric Cardia Cancer ◽

Control Study

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Risk Factors for Cervical Cancer in Rural Areas of Wuhan China: a Matched Case-control Study

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention ◽

10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.12.7595 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 14 (12) ◽

pp. 7595-7600 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Bin Zhang ◽

Ai-Fen Zhou ◽

Chang-Cai Zhu ◽

Ling Zhang ◽

Bing Xiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cervical Cancer ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Matched Case ◽

Matched Case Control Study ◽

Control Study

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Important risk factors of mortality among children aged 1-59 months in rural areas of Shahroud, Iran: A community-based nested case-control study

International Journal of Preventive Medicine ◽

10.4103/2008-7802.104859 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 3 (12) ◽

pp. 875 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Reza Chaman ◽

Ali Alami ◽

MohammadHassan Emamian ◽

KouroshHolakouie Naieni ◽

Majid Mirmohammadkhani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Community Based ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

Control Study

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Risk factors for indigenousCampylobacter jejuniandCampylobacter coliinfections in The Netherlands: a case-control study

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s095026881000052x ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 138 (10) ◽

pp. 1391-1404 ◽

Cited By ~ 102

Author(s):

Y. DOORDUYN ◽

W. E. VAN DEN BRANDHOF ◽

Y. T. H. P. VAN DUYNHOVEN ◽

B. J. BREUKINK ◽

J. A. WAGENAAR ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

The Netherlands ◽

Proton Pump Inhibitors ◽

Proton Pump ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Campylobacter Coli ◽

Control Study

SUMMARYA case-control study comprising 1315Campylobacter jejunicases, 121Campylobacter colicases and 3409 frequency-matched controls was conducted in The Netherlands in 2002–2003. Risk factors for bothC. jejuniandC. colienteritis were consumption of undercooked meat and barbecued meat, ownership of cats and use of proton pump inhibitors. Consumption of chicken was a predominant risk factor forC. jejunienteritis, but many additional risk factors were identified. Unique risk factors forC. coliinfections were consumption of game and tripe, and swimming. Contact with farm animals and persons with gastroenteritis were predominant risk factors forC. jejunienteritis in young children (0–4 years). Important risk factors for the elderly (⩾60 years) were eating in a restaurant, use of proton pump inhibitors and having a chronic intestinal illness. Consumption of chicken in spring, steak tartare in autumn and winter and barbecued meat in rural areas showed strong associations withC. jejuniinfections. This study illustrates that important differences in risk factors exist for differentCampylobacterspp. and these may differ dependent on age, season or degree of urbanization.

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