scholarly journals Microcrystalline Tyrosine and Aluminum as Adjuvants in Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy Protect from IgE-Mediated Reactivity in Mouse Models and Act Independently of Inflammasome and TLR Signaling

2018 ◽  
Vol 200 (9) ◽  
pp. 3151-3159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah S. Leuthard ◽  
Agathe Duda ◽  
Sandra N. Freiberger ◽  
Sina Weiss ◽  
Isabella Dommann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Models ◽  
Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
Tlr Signaling ◽  
Allergen Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
Ige Mediated

Immunotheraphy in Allergic Diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1174-1194
Author(s):  
Albert Roger ◽  
Maria Basagana ◽  
Aina Teniente-Serra ◽  
Nathalie Depreux ◽  
Yanina Jurgens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
World Population ◽  
Allergen Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
Disease Modifying Therapy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ige Mediated ◽  
Special Case

The prevalence of allergic diseases is increasing worldwide. It is estimated that more than 30% of the world population is now affected by one or more allergic conditions and a high proportion of this increase is in young people. The diagnosis of allergy is dependent on a history of symptoms on exposure to an allergen together with the detection of allergen-specific IgE. Accurate diagnosis of allergies opens up therapeutic options. Allergen specific immunotherapy is the only successful disease-modifying therapy for IgE-mediated allergic diseases. New therapeutic strategies have been developed or are currently under clinical trials. Besides new routes of administration, new types of allergens are being developed. The use of adjuvants may amplify the immune response towards tolerance to the antigens. In this review, we analyze different antigen-specific immunotherapies according to administration route, type of antigens and adjuvants, and we address the special case of food allergy.

scholarly journals Allergen-specific immunotherapy. Analytic review of current international and Russian federal position papers

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
O M Kurbacheva ◽  
K S Pavlova ◽  
M A Galitzkaya
Keyword(s):  
Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Allergen Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
Detailed Understanding ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
Ige Mediated ◽  
Federal Guidelines

The article analyses the international position papers devoted to allergen-specific immunotherapy published in recent years. It also describes in details Russian federal guidelines, published in the 2013-2016 years and dedicated to allergen-specific immunotherapy as a method of treatment of IgE-mediated allergic diseases, as well as Russian federal guidelines. Detailed understanding of indications, contraindications, and usage of AIT in various clinical situations are widely discussed.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of allergen-specific immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis and food allergies

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiu Yan Lam ◽  
Vinay Tergaonkar ◽  
Kwang Seok Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Potential Treatment ◽  
Allergen Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
Detailed Mechanism ◽  
Ige Mediated ◽  
Immunological Changes ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Specific Allergen

Abstract Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is currently the only potential treatment for allergies including allergic rhinitis (AR) and food allergies (FA) that can modify the underlying course of the diseases. Although AIT has been performed for over a century, the precise and detailed mechanism for AIT is still unclear. Previous clinical trials have reported that successful AIT induces the reinstatement of tolerance against the specific allergen. In this review, we aim to provide an updated summary of the knowledge on the underlying mechanisms of IgE-mediated AR and FA as well as the immunological changes observed after AIT and discuss on how better understanding of these can lead to possible identification of biomarkers and novel strategies for AIT.

scholarly journals Allergic Rhinitis: What Do We Know About Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy?

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadech Boonpiyathad ◽  
Mongkol Lao-Araya ◽  
Chirawat Chiewchalermsri ◽  
Sasipa Sangkanjanavanich ◽  
Hideaki Morita
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
Joint Inflammation ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Vaccine Adjuvants ◽  
Allergen Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
Ige Mediated

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an IgE-mediated disease that is characterized by Th2 joint inflammation. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is indicated for AR when symptoms remain uncontrolled despite medication and allergen avoidance. AIT is considered to have been effective if it alleviated allergic symptoms, decreased medication use, improved the quality of life even after treatment cessation, and prevented the progression of AR to asthma and the onset of new sensitization. AIT can be administered subcutaneously or sublingually, and novel routes are still being developed, such as intra-lymphatically and epicutaneously. AIT aims at inducing allergen tolerance through modification of innate and adaptive immunologic responses. The main mechanism of AIT is control of type 2 inflammatory cells through induction of various functional regulatory cells such as regulatory T cells (Tregs), follicular T cells (Tfr), B cells (Bregs), dendritic cells (DCregs), innate lymphoid cells (IL-10+ ILCs), and natural killer cells (NKregs). However, AIT has a number of disadvantages: the long treatment period required to achieve greater efficacy, high cost, systemic allergic reactions, and the absence of a biomarker for predicting treatment responders. Currently, adjunctive therapies, vaccine adjuvants, and novel vaccine technologies are being studied to overcome the problems associated with AIT. This review presents an updated overview of AIT, with a special focus on AR.

scholarly journals CpG Adjuvant in Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy: Finding the Sweet Spot for the Induction of Immune Tolerance

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillem Montamat ◽  
Cathy Leonard ◽  
Aurélie Poli ◽  
Ludger Klimek ◽  
Markus Ollert
Keyword(s):  
Immune Tolerance ◽  
Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Cpg Odn ◽  
Allergen Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
Immune Modulator ◽  
The Past ◽  
Limited Success ◽  
Ige Mediated

Prevalence and incidence of IgE-mediated allergic diseases have increased over the past years in developed and developing countries. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is currently the only curative treatment available for allergic diseases that has long-term efficacy. Although AIT has been proven successful as an immunomodulatory therapy since its beginnings, it still faces several unmet needs and challenges today. For instance, some patients can experience severe side effects, others are non-responders, and prolonged treatment schedules can lead to lack of patient adherence and therapy discontinuation. A common strategy to improve AIT relies on the use of adjuvants and immune modulators to boost its effects and improve its safety. Among the adjuvants tested for their clinical efficacy, CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) was investigated with limited success and without reaching phase III trials for clinical allergy treatment. However, recently discovered immune tolerance-promoting properties of CpG-ODN place this adjuvant again in a prominent position as an immune modulator for the treatment of allergic diseases. Indeed, it has been shown that the CpG-ODN dose and concentration are crucial in promoting immune regulation through the recruitment of pDCs. While low doses induce an inflammatory response, high doses of CpG-ODN trigger a tolerogenic response that can reverse a pre-established allergic milieu. Consistently, CpG-ODN has also been found to stimulate IL-10 producing B cells, so-called B regulatory cells (Bregs). Accordingly, CpG-ODN has shown its capacity to prevent and revert allergic reactions in several animal models showing its potential as both preventive and active treatment for IgE-mediated allergy. In this review, we describe how CpG-ODN-based therapies for allergic diseases, despite having shown limited success in the past, can still be exploited further as an adjuvant or immune modulator in the context of AIT and deserves additional attention. Here, we discuss the past and current knowledge, which highlights CpG-ODN as a potential adjuvant to be reevaluated for the enhancement of AIT when used in appropriate conditions and formulations.

scholarly journals Guideline on allergen-specific immunotherapy in IgE-mediated allergic diseases

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 282-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Pfaar ◽  
Claus Bachert ◽  
Albrecht Bufe ◽  
Roland Buhl ◽  
Christof Ebner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Allergen Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
Ige Mediated

scholarly journals Dynamics of the cytokine profile in achieving the therapeutic effect of allergen-specific immunotherapy in children with allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 176-182
Author(s):  
O. V. Skorokhodkina ◽  
S. A. Arkhipova ◽  
T. V. Klykova ◽  
G. M. Zaynetdinova ◽  
E. B. Kruglova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Cytokine Profile ◽  
Allergen Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
Atopic Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Regulatory T Lymphocytes ◽  
Ige Mediated ◽  
Medical University

Allergen-specific immunotherapy is a pathogenetic method for the treatment of IgE-mediated allergic diseases.Objective. To evaluate effectiveness of allergen-specific immunotherapy in 471 children with allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma, as well to analyze the dynamics of the cytokine profile at baseline and 1 year after the start of treatment in 86 children. The research was supported by a grant from the International Scientific Council for Young Scientists of Kazan State Medical University.Results. Analysis of the data obtained demonstrated that allergen-specific immunotherapy is a highly effective method of treating children with allergic rhinitis and atopic bronchial asthma. The dynamics of the level of the studied cytokines during treatment indirectly indicates an increase in the functional activity of adaptive subpopulations of regulatory T-lymphocytes (T-reg) and B-lymphocytes (B-reg) with a decrease in the activity of Th2 lymphocytes, which may indicate the reconstruction of the immune response and possible disease-modifying effect.

scholarly journals Venom Immunotherapy: From Proteins to Product to Patient Protection

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 616
Author(s):  
Martin Feindor ◽  
Matthew D. Heath ◽  
Simon J. Hewings ◽  
Thalia L. Carreno Velazquez ◽  
Simon Blank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Allergen Specific Immunotherapy ◽  
Patient Protection ◽  
Current Topic ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Ige Mediated ◽  
Marker Allergens ◽  
Dried Extract

In this review, we outline and reflect on the important differences between allergen-specific immunotherapy for inhalant allergies (i.e., aeroallergens) and venom-specific immunotherapy (VIT), with a special focus on Venomil® Bee and Wasp. Venomil® is provided as a freeze-dried extract and a diluent to prepare a solution for injection for the treatment of patients with IgE-mediated allergies to bee and/or wasp venom and for evaluating the degree of sensitivity in a skin test. While the materials that make up the product have not changed, the suppliers of raw materials have changed over the years. Here, we consolidate relevant historical safety and efficacy studies that used products from shared manufacture supply profiles, i.e., products from Bayer or Hollister–Stier. We also consider the characterization and standardization of venom marker allergens, providing insights into manufacturing controls that have produced stable and consistent quality profiles over many years. Quality differences between products and their impacts on treatment outcomes have been a current topic of discussion and further research. Finally, we review the considerations surrounding the choice of depot adjuvant most suitable to augmenting VIT.

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