Effect of expanded polystyrene content and press temperature on the properties of low-density wood particleboard

Recent years have brought dynamic developments in surveying equipment and techniques. These include reflectorless electromagnetic distance measurement (RL EDM), which is used in a range of devices, especially total stations. Studies concerning the influence of the reflecting surface on the accuracy of RL EDM tend to focus on the colour of the measurement surface, while the influence of the density and thickness of materials is usually neglected. Therefore, this study undertook to examine 53 samples representing various materials of dissimilar features: colour, type of surface and density. The results show that dark and mat surfaces cause higher RL EDM errors than bright, gloss materials. Nonetheless, 76% of the results were in compliance with equipment specifications. Moreover, it was found that the density of the samples had significant impact on the overall accuracy. RL EDM to EPS (expanded polystyrene sheets, low-density material, commonly called Styrofoam) involved a significantly higher error rate. It demonstrates that total station measurements and laser scanning should be performed cautiously, especially with regard to materials of low density (e.g., EPS) and on short distances, where the value of relative error is high.

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Study of the Use of Sawdust and Mycelium Composite as a Substitute of EPS

Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering - Advances on Mechanics, Design Engineering and Manufacturing III ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-70566-4_12 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 67-72

Author(s):

R. Miralbes ◽

D. Ranz ◽

D. Zouzias

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Composite Material ◽

Material Properties ◽

Strain Curve ◽

Expanded Polystyrene ◽

Low Density ◽

Stress Strain ◽

Petroleum Origin ◽

Small Grains ◽

Substitute Material

AbstractExpanded polystyrene foams are a petroleum-origin material that is usually used in some applications such as motorcyclist helmets. Despite it notably mechanical properties, it low density and its capability to absorb energy during an impact, it is necessary to find a renewable-origin substitute material. Thus, it has been studied the use of a sawdust and mycelium composite material under quasi-static and dynamic efforts. Sawdust is a waste material that has very small grains that are totally disaggregated so it has very low material properties. The use of oyster mushroom mycelium generates an internal structure that joins grains and, consequently, the resultant material has notably high mechanical properties. Then it has been compared the resultant properties (stress-strain curve, absorbed energy, decelerations, etc.) with the different densities EPS ones and it has been concluded that this composite material, despite it high density, it could be a suitable substitute material and in some cases it has better properties.

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Research on Expanded Polystyrene Light-aggregate Concrete

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.276 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 168-170 ◽

pp. 276-280 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xun An Ning ◽

Jing Yong Liu ◽

Zuo Yi Yang

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Expanded Polystyrene ◽

Interfacial Bonding ◽

Low Density ◽

Light Weight ◽

Adhesive Material ◽

Aggregate Concrete ◽

Cement Ratio ◽

Water Cement Ratio ◽

Modified Polymers

EPS(Expanded polystyrene)is used as light-weight.By adding fly ash and modified polymers in proper proportion aggregate, and cement is used as adhesive material, the uniformity and stability of pastes can be improved. The EPS light-weight concrete is obtained with good physical mechanical perform ance and some problems of segregated layers, weak interfacial bonding, and low density and strength etc, can be solved. The effects of water cement ratio and fly ash proportion on the mobitity of the mixture and the strength of the concrete are analyzed.

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Study about concrete with recycled expanded polystyrene

Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais ◽

10.1590/s1983-41952019000600010 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 1390-1407 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C. H. R. CARVALHO ◽

L. A. C. MOTTA

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Thermal Properties ◽

Thermal Performance ◽

Large Volume ◽

Large Scale ◽

Expanded Polystyrene ◽

Low Density ◽

Structural Walls ◽

Physical Density

Abstract This work studied the properties of lightweight concretes with addition of expanded polystyrene (EPS) for structural walls applications. EPS for being a material produced on a large scale and has low density, produces a large volume of waste. These residues are not reused, especially in Brazil. Given that, in order to perform a comparison of the performance of concrete with adding of EPS in pearls and recycled, it have been manufactured five concrete types, a control without addition of EPS and four other samples with two different percentages of EPS. The mechanical (compressive strength) and physical (density, voids content, absorption by immersion and capillarity) properties were evaluated, and tests were carried out to evaluate the thermal performance of the mixtures studied. The concretes with EPS presented compressive strength less than the reference concrete, however, the absorption for capillarity and thermal properties was better in concretes with EPS. It is concluded that it is feasible to replace the EPS in pearls by recycled EPS, due to the close results found.

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Recovery and Incorporation of expanded polystyrene SolidWaste in Lightweight Concrete

Ingeniería ◽

10.14483/23448393.15681 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 237-249

Author(s):

María Paula Espinoza-Merchán ◽

Laura Juliana Torres-Parra ◽

Nicolas Rojas-Arias ◽

Pablo Miguel Coha-Vesga

Keyword(s):

Coarse Aggregate ◽

Lightweight Concrete ◽

Expanded Polystyrene ◽

Raw Material ◽

Low Density ◽

Chemical Attack ◽

High Consumption ◽

Chemical Agents ◽

Concrete Failure ◽

Attack Process

Context: The high consumption of parts made from expanded polystyrene (EPS) generates environmental problems when disposed. Due to its low density and the low possibility of being utilized in other applications after its disposal, it is necessary to generate an alternative for the recovery and application of this type of waste. This work aims to generate an alternative in the application of EPS waste, particularly as a coarse aggregate in the manufacturing of lightweight concrete. Method: This study used discarded EPS containers as raw material. The material was cleaned, crushed and subsequently reduced in volume by applying acetone, generating pieces of polystyrene (R-PS) to be applied as a coarse aggregate for the manufacturing of lightweight concrete in different proportions. In addition, the pieces were subjected to a chemical attack process in order to observe their behavior. Results: The results show the degree of volume reduction of the EPS pieces by using different acetone ratios, establishing the best degree of reduction (in volume) of this material. Likewise, chemical attack tests show the behavior of R-PS against different agents in R-PS samples. Meanwhile, the failure tests on different concrete samples determine the best R-PS ratio as coarse aggregate for the manufacturing of lightweight concrete. Conclusions: The data obtained in this study show that the application of acetone on EPSW samples reduces its volume by up to 55 %. Concrete failure tests show that an optimum P-RS addition value, to be used as an aggregate in the manufacturing of lightweight concrete, is 7 %. This improves its resistance to chemical agents and weight reduction without significantly reducing the mechanical properties of concrete.

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Low density polyethylene, expanded polystyrene and expanded polypropylene: Strain rate and size effects on mechanical properties

Polymer Testing ◽

10.1016/j.polymertesting.2016.04.018 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 40-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

D.S. Cronin ◽

S. Ouellet

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Strain Rate ◽

Size Effects ◽

Expanded Polystyrene ◽

Low Density Polyethylene ◽

Low Density

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Properties of low-density cement-bonded composite panels manufactured from polystyrene and jute stick particles

Journal of Wood Science ◽

10.1186/s10086-019-1831-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Md Nasim Rana ◽

Md Nazrul Islam ◽

Suresh Kumar Nath ◽

Atanu Kumar Das ◽

Md Ashaduzzaman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Modulus Of Elasticity ◽

Expanded Polystyrene ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Low Density ◽

Processing Conditions ◽

Thickness Swelling ◽

Pressing Time ◽

Jute Fibers ◽

Bonded Composite

Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate the properties of cement-bonded composite (CBC) manufactured using jute stick particles and expanded polystyrene (EPS) beads to reduce the density of CBC for mitigating the main limitation of CBC in its applications. The CBCs were manufactured by using cement, jute stick particle, EPS and jute fiber by cold pressing having the pressure of 5 MPa and pressing time of 24 h. CBCs were also manufactured by replacing the jute stick particles with EPS beads, the processing conditions remaining the same. There were at least 5 replications for each type of board. Waste jute fibers were added for improving the degenerated mechanical properties of CBC caused by the addition of EPS beads. Important physical properties, i.e., density, water absorption (WA) and thickness swelling (TS) and mechanical properties, i.e., modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) of the manufactured CBCs were tested following the Malaysian Standards. Higher percentage of EPS beads significantly reduced the density of CBCs and the lowest density (0.91 ± 0.02 g/cm3) was found when the EPS beads replaced 30% jute stick particles. As expected, mechanical properties decreased with the gradual replacement of jute stick particles by EPS beads. However, the degraded mechanical properties significantly increased when waste jute fibers were added in the CBCs. Addition of EPS beads in CBCs reduced the density, which might increase the potentiality for the utilization of cement-bonded composites for various applications.

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Radiative Properties of Expanded Polystyrene Foams

Journal of Heat Transfer ◽

10.1115/1.2994764 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 131 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Coquard Rémi ◽

Baillis Dominique ◽

Quenard Daniel

Keyword(s):

Heat Transfer ◽

Structural Parameters ◽

Expanded Polystyrene ◽

Radiative Properties ◽

Low Density ◽

Complex Morphology ◽

Hemispherical Reflectance ◽

Good Accordance ◽

Porous Morphology ◽

Thick Material

Expanded polystyrene foams are one of the most widely used materials for a building’s thermal insulation. Owing to their very low density, a substantial proportion of the heat transfer is due to thermal radiation propagating through their porous structure. In order to envisage an optimization of their thermal performances, an accurate modeling of their radiative behavior is required. However, the previous studies on this subject used several drastic simplifications regarding their radiative behavior (optically thick material) or their porous morphology (homogeneous cellular material, dodecahedral cells). In this study, we propose a more accurate model based on a detailed representation of their complex morphology allowing us to predict their entire monochromatic radiative properties. We investigated the influence of the different structural parameters on these properties. We checked the validity of our model by comparing the spectral hemispherical reflectance and transmittance measured on slabs of foam samples with values predicted by our model. A good accordance was found globally.

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Modeling of Heat Transfer in Low-Density EPS Foams

Journal of Heat Transfer ◽

10.1115/1.2188464 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 128 (6) ◽

pp. 538-549 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

R. Coquard ◽

D. Baillis

Keyword(s):

Heat Transfer ◽

Thermal Conductivity ◽

Structural Characteristics ◽

Expanded Polystyrene ◽

Radiative Properties ◽

Cell Diameter ◽

Low Density ◽

Equivalent Thermal Conductivity ◽

Numerical Resolution ◽

Steady State Heat Transfer

Expanded polystyrene (EPS) foams are one of the most widely used thermal insulators in the building industry. Owing to their very low density, both conductive and radiative heat transfers are significant. However, only few studies have already been conducted in the modeling of heat transfer in this kind of medium. This is due to their complex porous structure characterized by a double-scale porosity which has always been ignored by the previous works. In this study, we present a model of one-dimensional steady state heat transfer in these foams based on a numerical resolution of the radiation-conduction coupling. The modeling of the conductive and radiative properties of the foams takes into account their structural characteristics such as foam density or cell diameter and permits us to study the evolution of their equivalent thermal conductivity with these characteristics. The theoretical results have been compared to equivalent thermal conductivity measurements made on several EPS foams using a flux-meter apparatus and show a good agreement.

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THE EQUILIBRIUM MOISTURE CONTENT OF LOW-DENSITY THERMAL INSULATING MATERIALS/LENGVŲ TERMOIZOLIACINIŲ MEDŽIAGŲ NUOSTOVUSIS DRĖGNIS

Journal of Civil Engineering and Management ◽

10.3846/13921525.2001.10531754 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 359-365

Author(s):

Ivan Gnip ◽

Sigitas Vėjelis ◽

Vladislovas Keršulis

Keyword(s):

Water Vapour ◽

Statistical Treatment ◽

Cellulose Fibre ◽

Expanded Polystyrene ◽

Glass Wool ◽

Low Density ◽

Air Humidity ◽

Insulating Materials ◽

Thermal Insulating ◽

Relative Air Humidity

Data about water vapour sorption by modern low-density thermal insulating materials are very scarce. The isothermal sorption of water vapour dependent on relative air humidity was investigated for rock and glass wool products in this paper as well as for expanded and extruded polystyrene slabs and cellulose fibre produced in Lithuania, Poland and Estonia. The moisture in these materials is bound by several ways, therefore it is not possibile to express the equilibrium moisture Wp dependency on relative air humidity ϕ by an exact analytical equation [1, 6]. These dependencies were expressed by a two-constant empiric equation (1) for interval ϕ from 0 to 0,97 based on BET equations [1, 7, 8]. The experimental data are given in Figs 1–9, statistical treatment of this data results are given in Tables 1–3. The two fields are typical for all isothermal sorption curves: 0<ϕ<0,8 moisture bound as adsorbate) and 0,8<ϕ<0,97 (capillary bound moisture). The hygroscopicity of investigated glass wool products is higher than for rock wool products and depends on their density. This value is very small for expanded polystyrene and is considerable for cellulose fibre.

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