The Influence of Target Properties on the Accuracy of Reflectorless Distance Measurements

Recent years have brought dynamic developments in surveying equipment and techniques. These include reflectorless electromagnetic distance measurement (RL EDM), which is used in a range of devices, especially total stations. Studies concerning the influence of the reflecting surface on the accuracy of RL EDM tend to focus on the colour of the measurement surface, while the influence of the density and thickness of materials is usually neglected. Therefore, this study undertook to examine 53 samples representing various materials of dissimilar features: colour, type of surface and density. The results show that dark and mat surfaces cause higher RL EDM errors than bright, gloss materials. Nonetheless, 76% of the results were in compliance with equipment specifications. Moreover, it was found that the density of the samples had significant impact on the overall accuracy. RL EDM to EPS (expanded polystyrene sheets, low-density material, commonly called Styrofoam) involved a significantly higher error rate. It demonstrates that total station measurements and laser scanning should be performed cautiously, especially with regard to materials of low density (e.g., EPS) and on short distances, where the value of relative error is high.

Evaluation of chemical changes in karonda candy during storage at ambient temperature

The studies were based on effect of different recipes on storage period of Karonda candy. The experiment comprised of two types of karonda i.e. green and pink with seed and without seed were stored at ambient temperature. From the findings it was observed that, there was a gradual increase in TSS, acidity, reducing sugars and total sugars content of candy irrespective of fruit colour type and recipes used in experimentation. However, pH, nonreducing sugars, ascorbic acid, moisture, iron content of candy were found to be decreased with the advancement of storage period. The karonda candy prepared from different recipes of sugar concentration of 60 B, 65 B and 70 B can be stored upto 120 days without any microbial count. From the present findings it is concluded that karonda candy with 65 Brix sugar is suitable sugar concentration for karonda candy preparation.

A REPORT ON WORLD’S TOP 20 UNIVERSITIES WEBSITE MARKETING COMMUNICATION STRATEGY: WHAT CAN BE EMULATED

The university website is important as a window for potential students. Its quality is directly associated with the image and reputation of the university, reflecting the level of the university. Therefore, it is vital that a university is able to establish a website that has a high level of usability, functionality, and creativity which can attract and retain the users. In order to have a rational understanding and learning from the experienced university websites, this study has selected the top 20 universities around the world where important elements from their websites are being studied and evaluated thoroughly. The elements include picture resolution, typography, layout, web structure and colour, type of information and content as well as the privacy and trust policy. The study provides important provision on how the world-class universities designed their websites which would potentially yield refinements to the current website of other universities around the globe.

The The Role of Breast Sonography and Ductography in the Evaluation of Different Causes of the Nipple Discharge

ABSTRACT Background : The aim of this work is to assess the role of breast sonography and ductography in the evaluation of different causes of nipple discharge. Methods : The study will be carried out on twenty-five female patients referred to the Radiodiagnosis department at Alexandria Main University Hospital presenting with nipple discharge. They were divided into two groups: Group I include 10 patients (40%) with surgically significant nipple discharge who were the patients with unilateral, uniorificial surgically significant colour type nipple discharge .They were investigated by mammography, sonography, and ductography. Group II include 15 patients (60%) with surgically insignificant nipple discharge. They were further subdivided into 9 patients (36%) with unilateral multiorificial and 6 patients (24%) with bilateral nipple discharge. They were subjected to mammography ,sonography without ductography. Results Nipple discharge is the release of fluid from the nipple. It is the third most common breast complaint for women seek medical attention, after lumps and breast pain. It is a symptomatic problem that causes many women both discomfort and anxiety. Conclusion : The current study showed certain diagnostic sonographic features for patients of multiple papillomatosis was agreed with studies carried out Key words : Breast, Ductography, Nipple Corresponding address to : Dr. Ahlam Jamil Al-Ani m.b.b.ch. Al- Faloja Hospital

Sistem Klasifikasi Kelor dalam Etnobotani Masyarakat Wolio

<p>This article studies about ethnobotany kelor (Moringa oleifera) of Wolio people in Baubau, Southeast Sulawesi Province. The aim of this research is to know how the classification systems of kelor plants in Wolio people and why the kelor plants to be classified. Data collection of this research is using ethnography method, in-depth interview and participatory observation to know the view of Wolio people concern with kelor. The result of this research shows that kelor classification system of Wolio people consists of females and males. According to Wolio people, the existence of kelor classification due to a difference of colour, type, size, and taste. The use of kelor gender as kelor classification system reflects the life of Wolio people. </p><p> </p>

Conceptualisation in reference production: Probabilistic modelling and experimental testing

In psycholinguistics, there has been relatively little work investigating conceptualisation –how speakers decide which concepts to express. This contrasts with work in natural language generation (NLG), a subfield of AI, where much research has explored content determination during the generation of referring expressions. Existing NLG algorithms for conceptualisation during reference production do not fully explain previous psycholinguistic results, so we developed new models that we tested in three language production experiments.In our experiments, participants described target objects to another participant. In Experiment 1, either its size, its colour, or both its size and colour distinguished the target from all distractor objects; in Experiment 2, either colour, type or both colour and type distinguished it from all distractors; In Experiment 3, either colour, size or the border around the object distinguished the target. We tested how well the different models fit the distribution of description types (e.g., “small candle”, “grey candle”, “small grey candle”) that participants produced.Across these experiments, the PRO model provided the best fit. In this model, speakers first choose a property that rules out all distractors. If there is more than one such property, then they probabilistically choose one based on a preference for that property. Next, they sometimes add another property, with the probability again determined by its preference and speakers’ eagerness to overspecify.

The Analysis of Czech Genetic Resources of Nutrias (Myocastor coypus)

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effective population size and fertility in the Czech Genetic Resources of nutrias during the last ten years. This study includes three Czech colour types of nutrias: Czech Type of Standard (ST), Moravian Silver (MS), and Prestice Multicolour (PM). The effective population size of ST shows that this colour type is endangered, while MS and PM are critical. The average number of pregnancy was the highest (P ≤ 0.004) in ST (1.7 pregnancy) and the lowest in PM (1.3 pregnancy). ST and MS nutrias had the significantly biggest litter size (P ≤ 0.004). For the number of kits born per female in a year (P < 0.001) the significantly lowest value was in PM (5.1 kits). For weaned kits the highest value (P ≤ 0.006) was in ST (4.8 kits). The results showed that the population size of MS and PM is low and there is a risk of biodiversity loss in these colour types.

Genetic background of coat colour in sheep

The coat colour of animals is an extremely important trait that affects their behaviour and is decisive for survival in the natural environment. In farm animal breeding, as a result of the selection of a certain coat colour type, animals are characterized by a much greater variety of coat types. This makes them an appropriate model in research in this field. A very important aspect of the coat colour types of farm animals is distinguishing between breeds and varieties based on this trait. Furthermore, for the sheep breeds which are kept for skins and wool, coat/skin colour is an important economic trait. Until now the study of coat colour inheritance in sheep proved the dominance of white colour over pigmented/black coat or skin and of black over brown. Due to the current knowledge of the molecular basis of ovine coat colour inheritance, there is no molecular test to distinguish coat colour types in sheep although some are available for other species, such as cattle, dogs, and horses. Understanding the genetic background of variation in one of the most important phenotypic traits in livestock would help to identify new genes which have a great effect on the coat colour type. Considering that coat colour variation is a crucial trait for discriminating between breeds (including sheep), it is important to broaden our knowledge of the genetic background of pigmentation. The results may be used in the future to determine the genetic pattern of a breed. Until now, identified candidate genes that have a significant impact on colour type in mammals mainly code for factors located in melanocytes. The proposed candidate genes code for the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), agouti signaling protein (ASIP), tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1), microphthalmia-associated transcription factor MITF, and v-kit Hardy–Zuckerman 4 feline sarcoma viral oncogene homologue (KIT). However, there is still no conclusive evidence of established polymorphisms for specific coat colour types in sheep.