Rugged ICs against Corrosion, Shock plus Hotter Temperatures

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 (HITEC) ◽  
pp. 000343-000348 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal Display ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Operating Life ◽  
Gold Plating ◽  
Package Design ◽  
Display Driver ◽  
Ball Bonding ◽  
Engineering Effort ◽  
Gold Diffusion

More applications need microcontrollers to operate at higher temperatures. ICs must survive faster corrosion rate and higher stresses. Improving wire bonding, mold compound or package design requires engineering effort, long evaluation and cost. Because packages are already optimized, further optimization often does not yield the needed improvements. Without changing either chip design or the packaging, one can achieve high temperature reliability by protecting ICs with a gold, over passivation metal (OPM). Low cost CMOS liquid crystal display driver ICs are plated with gold bumps at high volume. Similar gold plating process can be quickly and cheaply implemented over all microcontrollers. Between ICs to the electroplated gold OPM is a barrier metal that slows gold diffusion into aluminum and thereby increases operating life before Au-Al intermetallic wire bond failure. Reliability is improved 6x to 94x under different test conditions. Ball bonding to gold pads are 10% to 40% stronger than onto aluminum pads. Furthermore, gold-gold mono-metallic bonds are ductile and can withstand stresses of extreme package reliability tests consisting of: AATC, MSL1 preconditioning, autoclave and then 190C HTB for 1000 hours. Ductile bonds can strain under mechanical stress and shock. Gold is resistant against corrosion such that packaged ICs survive reliability tests causing mold compound delamination and then moisture ingress from autoclave.

scholarly journals A rapid, accurate, scalable, and portable testing system for COVID-19 diagnosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanhua Xun ◽  
Stephan Thomas Lane ◽  
Vassily Andrew Petrov ◽  
Brandon Elliott Pepa ◽  
Huimin Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Volume ◽  
N Gene ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Target Sequence ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Sequence Detection ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Speed Accuracy

AbstractThe need for rapid, accurate, and scalable testing systems for COVID-19 diagnosis is clear and urgent. Here, we report a rapid Scalable and Portable Testing (SPOT) system consisting of a rapid, highly sensitive, and accurate assay and a battery-powered portable device for COVID-19 diagnosis. The SPOT assay comprises a one-pot reverse transcriptase-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) followed by PfAgo-based target sequence detection. It is capable of detecting the N gene and E gene in a multiplexed reaction with the limit of detection (LoD) of 0.44 copies/μL and 1.09 copies/μL, respectively, in SARS-CoV-2 virus-spiked saliva samples within 30 min. Moreover, the SPOT system is used to analyze 104 clinical saliva samples and identified 28/30 (93.3% sensitivity) SARS-CoV-2 positive samples (100% sensitivity if LoD is considered) and 73/74 (98.6% specificity) SARS-CoV-2 negative samples. This combination of speed, accuracy, sensitivity, and portability will enable high-volume, low-cost access to areas in need of urgent COVID-19 testing capabilities.

High-Reliability Low-Cost Gold Plating Connector

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Kamo ◽  
Hiroya Inaoka ◽  
Tetuo Kato ◽  
Tomio Hirano
Keyword(s):  
High Reliability ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Gold Plating

Plastic Encapsulated MCM Technology for High Volume, Low Cost Electronics

Circuit World ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Fillion ◽  
R. Wojnarowski ◽  
T. Gorcyzca ◽  
E. Wildi ◽  
H. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
High Volume

scholarly journals An IoT based Low-cost Weather Monitoring System for Smart Farming

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.P.S.S.K. Dayananda ◽  
A. Narmilan ◽  
P. Pirapuraj
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Liquid Crystal Display ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Arduino Uno

Background: Weather monitoring is an important aspect of crop cultivation for reducing economic loss while increasing productivity. Weather is the combination of current meteorological components, such as temperature, wind direction and speed, amount and kind of precipitation, sunshine hours and so on. The weather defines a time span ranging from a few hours to several days. The periodic or continuous surveillance or the analysis of the status of the atmosphere and the climate, including parameters such as temperature, moisture, wind velocity and barometric pressure, is known as weather monitoring. Because of the increased usage of the internet, weather monitoring has been upgraded to smart weather monitoring. The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the new technology that can help with many precision farming operations. Smart weather monitoring is one of the precision agriculture technologies that use sensors to monitor correct weather. The main objective of the research is to design a smart weather monitoring and real-time alert system to overcome the issue of monitoring weather conditions in agricultural farms in order for farmers to make better decisions. Methods: Different sensors were used in this study to detect temperature and humidity, pressure, rain, light intensity, CO2 level, wind speed and direction in an agricultural farm and real time clock sensor was used to measured real time weather data. The major component of this system was an Arduino Uno microcontroller and the system ran according to a program written in the Arduino Uno software. Result: This is a low-cost smart weather monitoring system. This system’s output unit were a liquid crystal display and a GSM900A module. The weather data was displayed on a liquid crystal display and the GSM900A module was used to send the data to a mobile phone. This smart weather station was used to monitor real-time weather conditions while sending weather information to the farmer’s mobile phone, allowing him to make better decisions to increase yield.

scholarly journals A modular protein subunit vaccine candidate produced in yeast confers protection against SARS-CoV-2 in non-human primates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil C Dalvie ◽  
Lisa H Tostanoski ◽  
Sergio A Rodriguez-Aponte ◽  
Kawaljit Kaur ◽  
Sakshi Bajoria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Subunit Vaccine ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Protein Subunit ◽  
Middle Income

Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have been distributed at massive scale in developed countries, and have been effective at preventing COVID-19. Access to vaccines is limited, however, in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to insufficient supply, high costs, and cold storage requirements. New vaccines that can be produced in existing manufacturing facilities in LMICs, can be manufactured at low cost, and use widely available, proven, safe adjuvants like alum, would improve global immunity against SARS-CoV-2. One such protein subunit vaccine is produced by the Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd. and is currently in clinical testing. Two protein components, the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) and hepatitis B surface antigen virus-like particles (VLPs), are each produced in yeast, which would enable a low-cost, high-volume manufacturing process. Here, we describe the design and preclinical testing of the RBD-VLP vaccine in cynomolgus macaques. We observed titers of neutralizing antibodies (>104) above the range of protection for other licensed vaccines in non-human primates. Interestingly, addition of a second adjuvant (CpG1018) appeared to improve the cellular response while reducing the humoral response. We challenged animals with SARS-CoV-2, and observed a ~3.4 and ~2.9 log10 reduction in median viral loads in bronchoalveolar lavage and nasal mucosa, respectively, compared to sham controls. These results inform the design and formulation of current clinical COVID-19 vaccine candidates like the one described here, and future designs of RBD-based vaccines against variants of SARS-CoV-2 or other betacoronaviruses.

scholarly journals A credible pathway for heavy ion driven target fabrication and injection

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.T. GOODIN ◽  
A. NOBILE ◽  
N.B. ALEXANDER ◽  
L.C. BROWN ◽  
J.L. MAXWELL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Fusion Energy ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Development Program ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Target Chamber ◽  
Inertial Fusion ◽  
Inertial Fusion Energy

The Target Fabrication Facility (TFF) of an inertial fusion energy (IFE) power plant must supply about 500,000 targets per day. The target is injected into the target chamber at a rate of 5–10 Hz and tracked precisely so the heavy ion driver beams can be directed to the target. The feasibility of developing successful fabrication and injection methodologies at the low cost required for energy production (about $0.25/target, approximately 104 times less than current costs) is a critical issue for inertial fusion energy. A significant program is underway to develop the high-volume methods to supply economical IFE targets. This article reviews the requirements for heavy ion driven IFE target fabrication and injection, and presents the current status of and results from the development program. For the first time, an entire pathway from beginning to end is outlined for fabrication of a high-gain, distributed radiator target. A significant development and scale-up program will be necessary to implement this pathway for mass production of IFE targets.

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