Cost Comparison of Fan-out Wafer-Level Packaging to Fan-out Panel-Based Packaging

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (1) ◽  
pp. 000180-000184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chet Palesko ◽  
Amy Lujan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Cost Comparison ◽  
Wafer Level ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Total Potential ◽  
Wafer Level Packaging ◽  
Cost Impact ◽  
Manufacturing Activity ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Fan-out wafer-level packaging (FOWLP) offers many significant benefits over other packaging technologies. It is one of the smallest packaging options, but unlike fan-in wafer-level packaging, the IO count of FOWLP is not limited to the area of the die. Given these advantages, FOWLP continues to grow in popularity. While the cost of FOWLP is usually reasonable, there are still opportunities for future cost reduction. Many FOWLP suppliers are exploring panel-based manufacturing instead of the current wafer-based approach. Since many more packages can fit on a large panel than on a wafer, the cost per package can be reduced. The surface area of a 370mm × 470mm panel is 1,739 sq.cm. compared to 706 sq.cm. for a 300mm wafer. This means more than twice as many packages can be manufactured on a single panel. However, this does not mean that the cost per package will be cut in half. Many of the costly manufacturing activities do not depend on the surface area of the panel or wafer and they will not be affected by a larger panel. This paper analyzes the current cost of FOWLP activities and highlights which activities will benefit from a move to panels. An analysis of each manufacturing activity is presented comparing the cost impact of panel versus wafer. The total potential cost savings is also presented.

Cost Comparison of Fan-out Wafer Level Packaging and Flip Chip Packaging

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (DPC) ◽  
pp. 1-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Lujan
Keyword(s):  
Flip Chip ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cost Comparison ◽  
Cost Modeling ◽  
Wafer Level ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Wafer Level Packaging ◽  
Flip Chip Packaging ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Cost

In recent years, there has been increased focus on fan-out wafer level packaging with the growing inclusion of a variety of fan-out wafer level packages in mobile products. While fan-out wafer level packaging may be the right solution for many designs, it is not always the lowest cost solution. The right packaging choice is the packaging technology that meets design requirements at the lowest cost. Flip chip packaging, a more mature technology, continues to be an alternative to fan-out wafer level packaging. It is important for many in the electronic packaging industry to be able to determine whether flip chip or fan-out wafer level packaging is the most cost-effective option. This paper will compare the cost of flip chip and fan-out wafer level packaging across a variety of designs. Additionally, the process flows for each technology will be introduced and the cost drivers highlighted. A variety of package sizes, die sizes, and design features will be covered by the cost comparison. Yield is a key component of cost and will also be considered in the analysis. Activity based cost modeling will be used for this analysis. With this type of cost modeling, a process flow is divided into a series of activities, and the total cost of each activity is accumulated. The cost of each activity is determined by analyzing the following attributes: time required, labor required, material required (consumable and permanent), capital required, and yield loss. The goal of this cost comparison is to determine which design features drive a design to be packaged more cost-effectively as a flip chip package, and which design features result in a lower cost fan-out wafer level package.

scholarly journals 2694. Incidence of Pneumocytis jiroveci (PJP) Infection with 3-Month Prophylaxis of Aerosolized Pentamidine (AP) in Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT)

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S947-S947
Author(s):  
Sarah Perreault ◽  
Dayna McManus ◽  
Rebecca Pulk ◽  
Jeffrey E Topal ◽  
Francine Foss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Savings ◽  
Cost Comparison ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
One Year ◽  
Relapsed Disease ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Autologous Hsct

Abstract Background HSCT patients are at an increased risk of developing PJP after transplant due to treatment induced immunosuppression. Given the risk of cytopenias with co-trimoxazole, AP is utilized as an alternative for PJP prophylaxis. A prior study revealed a 0% (0/19 patients) incidence when AP prophylaxis was given for one year post autologous HSCT. Current guidelines recommend a duration of 3 – 6 months for PJP prophylaxis in autologous HSCT. The primary endpoint of this study was to assess the incidence of PJP infection within one year post autologous HSCT in patients who received 3 months of AP. Secondary endpoint was a cost comparison of 3 months compared with 6 months of AP. Methods A single-center, retrospective study of adult autologous HSCT patients at Yale New Haven Hospital between February 2013 and December 2017 was performed. Patients were excluded if: <18 years of age, received < or >3 months of AP, changed to alternative PJP prophylactic agent or received no PJP prophylaxis, received tandem HSCT, deceased prior to one year post-transplant from a non PJP-related infection, HIV positive, or lost to follow-up. Pentamidine was given as a 300 mg inhalation monthly for 3 months starting Day +15 after autologous HSCT. Results A total of 288 patients were analyzed, no PJP infections occurred within one year post HSCT. Additionally, 187 (65%) patients received treatment post HSCT with 135/215 (63%) receiving maintenance immunomodulatory drugs for myeloma and 40/288 (14%) patients developing relapsed disease. 43% of the chemotherapy regimens for relapsed disease included high dose corticosteroids. The cost difference of using 3 months vs. 6 months of AP is $790, reflecting the cost of drug and its administration. Applying our incidence of 0%, potential cost savings of 3 months vs. 6 months of AP would be $330,000 over 5 years or $66,000 per year. Conclusion Three months of AP for PJP prophylaxis in autologous HSCT patients is safe and effective as well as cost-effective compared with a 6 month regimen. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Plastic Liners for Offshore Production Lines: A Cost Effective Alternative Solution to Corrosion Resistant Alloys?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Delaplace ◽  
Morgan Gouriou ◽  
Denis Melot
Keyword(s):  
Cost Savings ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Cost Comparison ◽  
Production Lines ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
Offshore Production ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
The Cost

Abstract This paper presents the investigations performed by TotalEnergies and Saipem on the cost effectiveness potential of internal plastic lining for corrosion protection of offshore production lines. Objective was to better understand for a complete EPCI cost comparison the various parameters that could have a significant impact on the potential savings associated with the use of plastic lining instead of CRAs (Corrosion Resistant Alloys) for very corrosive production fluids such as sour gases. An extensive cost comparison study between CRA lining and plastic lining for offshore production lines was performed considering sensitivity on several parameters: 3 pipe diameters, S-Lay, Reel-Lay and J-Lay installation, sensitivity to external thermal insulation requirements, mechanical and design requirements, to pipe length and fixed costs (technologies and vessels). A dedicated calculation tool for system design and cost assessment was built on purpose for this sensitivity study. Costs were assessed for the various cases, starting from pipe design, then assessing procurement costs, fabrication costs then installation costs with preliminary cycle time assessment. Project management and engineering costs have been considered to obtain comparative EPCI (as installed) cost assessments for the various study cases. Plastic lining appears to be a cost-effective solution installed in J-Lay or S-Lay in addition to reeling (up to 45% of potential cost savings on installed line compared to CRA lining). The main driver for the cost savings is associated to the procurement of the pipes and associated lining, including pipe manufacturing. Some smaller savings can also be obtained from the offshore cycle times in J-Lay and S-Lay as the CRA welding add a significant operation time in comparison with standard CS welds. The fixed additional costs associated to the plastic lining (specific tooling for example) can be quickly amortized after a few kilometers thanks to the material cost savings. Integrating them as a company investment allows to unlock costs savings even for shorter lines. The thermal contribution of the plastic liner is also interesting regarding the overall pipe insulation design. This study completes the works already performed by the industry on the offshore costs of plastic lining as it considers the whole EPCI CAPEX costs from the Contractor and Operator points of view and offshore experience. The study integrates the S-Lay and J-Lay installation methods (while previous studies mainly focused on Reel-Lay) and includes an extensive sensitivity study with various key parameters such as pipe sizes, pipe design requirements, material costs and offshore operation times to get a general overview of potential benefits associated with plastic linings for offshore production lines transporting corrosive fluids such as sour gases.

scholarly journals Cost Comparison of Atypical Antipsychotics: Paliperidone ER and Risperidone

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 389-392
Author(s):  
Kiranjit Luther ◽  
Guang Mei Fung ◽  
Farah Khorassani
Keyword(s):  
Drug Utilization ◽  
Atypical Antipsychotics ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Cost Comparison ◽  
Prescribing Patterns ◽  
Utilization Review ◽  
Drug Utilization Review ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Therapy Cost ◽  
The Cost

Purpose: Paliperidone and risperidone are atypical antipsychotics that are structurally and therapeutically similar. Risperidone is metabolized by the liver via cytochrome (CYP) 2D6 to an active metabolite, 9-hydroxyrisperidone. The atypical antipsychotic paliperidone is 9-hydroxyrisperidone formulated separately as an extended-release (ER) tablet and is considerably more expensive than risperidone. The purpose of this retrospective drug utilization review is to evaluate the prescribing patterns of paliperidone ER and evaluate potential cost savings by converting paliperidone ER orders to risperidone at an inpatient psychiatric hospital’s formulary. Methods: This retrospective drug utilization review includes 100 patients, older than 18 years old, who were prescribed oral paliperidone ER at an inpatient, psychiatric hospital between January 1, 2017, and June 2, 2017. The data were collected through the electronic medical records. Patients who were prescribed oral paliperidone ER and refused to take paliperidone ER were excluded from the study population. The cost of each patient’s oral paliperidone ER pharmacotherapy was calculated using average wholesale prices. An equivalent total dose of risperidone therapy was calculated using a 2:3 paliperidone ER to risperidone conversion. The cost savings were then analyzed by comparing the total costs of paliperidone ER with risperidone therapy. Results: The results indicate that from January through June 2017, approximately 68% of all paliperidone ER utilization was for its approved indication of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. The other 32% of utilization was either off-label or for approved indications of risperidone. The total paliperidone ER therapy cost for 100 patients was approximately $17 000, while the cost of risperidone therapy would be approximately $400 for the same patients over 6 months. Overall, this would provide an estimated cost savings of over $33 000 per year or about $169 in savings per patient. Conclusion: The study analysis demonstrates that there are opportunities for cost savings through therapeutic interchange of paliperidone ER to risperidone.

Cost Comparison of Fan-out Wafer-Level Packaging to Embedded Die Packaging

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 000721-000726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chet Palesko ◽  
Amy Lujan
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Cost Comparison ◽  
Wafer Level ◽  
Cost Drivers ◽  
Wafer Level Packaging ◽  
Market Requirements ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Fan-out wafer-level packaging (FOWLP) and embedded die packaging offer similar advantages over traditional packaging technologies. For example, both packages can be quite thin since the die is placed early in the manufacturing process and the package is fabricated around the die. This is in contrast to traditional packaging technologies, in which the package is fabricated first, and then the die is placed on top of the package. This results in a thicker package compared to fabricating the package around the die. Due to the ongoing miniaturization market requirements, thinner packages are becoming increasingly important. Both FOWLP and embedded die packaging also provide the capability of placing multiple die and passives in a single package. This capability can have both size and performance benefits since the interconnect distance between the embedded components is shorter. In this paper, the cost and cost drivers of FOWLP and embedded die packaging technologies will be compared. Activity based modeling will be used to characterize the cost of each activity in the two manufacturing flows.

Cost-minimization analysis of drugs used in the treatment of Asthma and COPD diseases in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Billu Payal ◽  
Anoop Kumar ◽  
Harsh Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Generic Drugs ◽  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Pulmonary Medicine ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Maximum Cost ◽  
Cost Minimization Analysis ◽  
Cost Variation ◽  
The Cost

Background: Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD) are well known respiratory diseases affecting millions of peoples in India. In the market, various branded generics, as well as generic drugs, are available for their treatment and how much cost will be saved by utilizing generic medicine is still unclear among physicians. Thus, the main aim of the current investigation was to perform cost-minimization analysis of generic versus branded generic (high and low expensive) drugs and branded generic (high expensive) versus branded generic (least expensive) used in the Department of Pulmonary Medicine of Era Medical University, Lucknow for the treatment of asthma and COPD. Methodology: The current index of medical stores (CIMS) was referred for the cost of branded drugs whereas the cost of generic drugs was taken from Jan Aushadi scheme of India 2016. The percentage of cost variation particularly to Asthma and COPD regimens on substituting available generic drugs was calculated using standard formula and costs were presented in Indian Rupees (as of 2019). Results: The maximum cost variation was found between the respules budesonide high expensive branded generic versus least expensive branded generic drugs and generic versus high expensive branded generic. In combination, the maximum cost variation was observed in the montelukast and levocetirizine combination. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study inferred that substituting generic antiasthmatics and COPD drugs can bring potential cost savings in patients.

Evaluation of the dosing strategies of biologic agents and the theoretical impact of dose rounding

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Savannah Lindsey ◽  
Laura Beth Parsons ◽  
Lindsay Rosenbeck Figg ◽  
Jill Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Academic Medical Center ◽  
Wholesale Price ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Cost Avoidance ◽  
The Cost

Introduction Monoclonal antibodies possess unique pharmacokinetic properties that permit flexible dosing. Increased use and high costs of these medications have led to the development of cost-containing strategies. This study aims to quantify the cost savings and clinical impact associated with dose rounding monoclonal antibodies to the nearest vial size. Methods This study was a single-arm, retrospective chart review assessing all monoclonal antibody doses dispensed at an outpatient community infusion center associated with an academic medical center between August 2014 and August 2015. All monoclonal antibody doses were reviewed to determine the cost of drug wasted using two methods. The waste-cost analysis described the amount of drug disposed of due to the use of partial vials. The theoretical dose savings described potential cost avoidance based on rounding the ordered dose to the nearest vial size. The theoretical rounded dose was compared to the actual ordered dose to explore clinical implications. Results A total of 436 doses were included. Of these, 237 were not rounded to the nearest vial size and included in the analysis. The cost of waste associated with these doses was $108,013.64 using actual wholesale price. The potential cost avoidance associated with the theoretical dose calculation was $83,595.53. Rounding these doses to the nearest vial size resulted in a median 6.7% (range, 1.4–20%) deviation from ordered dose. Conclusions Rounding monoclonal antibodies to the nearest vial size could lead to significant cost and waste savings with minimal deviation from the actual ordered dose.

Cost Comparison of Panel Level and Wafer Level Fan-out Packaging

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (DPC) ◽  
pp. 000141-000164
Author(s):  
Amy Lujan
Keyword(s):  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Cost Comparison ◽  
Cost Modeling ◽  
Cost Models ◽  
Wafer Level ◽  
Process Flow ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Large Panels ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, the possibility of panels replacing wafers in some fan-out applications has been a topic of interest. Questions of cost and yield continue to arise even as the industry appears to be full steam ahead. While large panels allow for more packages to be produced at once, the cost does not scale simply based on how many more packages can be generated from a panel over a wafer. This analysis begins by breaking down the types of cost and will discuss how those types of cost are impacted (or not) by the shift from wafer to panel. Activity based cost modeling is used; this is a detailed, bottom-up approach that takes into account each type of cost for each activity in a process flow. Two complete cost models were constructed for this analysis. A variety of package sizes are analyzed, and multiple panel sizes are included as well. For each set of activities in the fan-out process flow, there is an explanation of how the process changes with the move to panel, including assumptions related to throughput, equipment price, and materials. The cost reduction that may be achieved at each package and panel size will be presented for each processing segment. The focus of this analysis is on the details of each segment of the process flow, but results for the total cost of various packages will also be presented. There is also a section of analysis related to the impact of yield on the competitiveness of panel processing.

Oral Antibiotic Management of Acute Osteomyelitis of the Hand: Outcomes and Cost Comparison to Standard Intravenous Regimen

Hand ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 155894471987314
Author(s):  
Mark Henry ◽  
Forrest H. Lundy
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Direct Cost ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
Cost Comparison ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Oral Antibiotic ◽  
Direct Inoculation ◽  
The Cost

Background: Acute, direct inoculation osteomyelitis of the hand has traditionally been managed by intravenous antibiotics. With proven high levels of bone and joint penetration, specific oral antimicrobials may deliver clinical efficacy but at substantially lower cost. Methods: Sixty-nine adult patients with surgically proven acute, direct inoculation osteomyelitis of the hand were evaluated for clinical response on a 6-week postdebridement regimen of susceptibility-matched oral antibiotics. Inclusion required gross purulence and bone loss demonstrated at the initial debridement and radiographic evidence of bone loss. Excluded were 2 patients with extreme medical comorbidities. There were 53 men and 16 women with a mean age of 46 years. Mean follow-up was 16 weeks (±10). The cost model for the outpatient oral antibiotic treatment was intentionally maximized using Walgreen’s undiscounted cash price. The cost model for the traditional intravenous treatment regimen was intentionally minimized using the fully discounted Medicare fee schedule. Results: All patients achieved resolution of osteomyelitis by clinical and radiographic criteria. In addition, 7 patients underwent successful subsequent osteosynthesis procedures at the previously affected site without reactivation. The mean postdebridement direct cost of care per patient in the study cohort was $482.85, the cost of the antibiotic alone. The postdebridement direct cost of care per patient on a regimen of vancomycin 1.5 g every 12 hours via peripherally inserted central catheter line was $21 646.90. Conclusions: Acute, direct inoculation osteomyelitis of the hand can be successfully managed on oral antibiotic agents with substantial direct and indirect cost savings.

scholarly journals Cost Comparison of Suture Anchor Modified Broström Repair and Augmentation of the Modified Broström with FiberTape Device

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 2473011420S0047
Author(s):  
Emily Vannatta ◽  
Chris M. Stauch ◽  
Jesse King ◽  
Morgan S. Kim ◽  
Laura R. Luick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Return To Work ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Chronic Ankle Instability ◽  
Cost Comparison ◽  
Suture Anchors ◽  
Ligament Repair ◽  
The Cost

Category: Ankle; Sports Introduction/Purpose: Augmentation of the Broström procedure with FiberTape device has been described for the treatment of chronic ankle instability. However, it has yet to be determined if the cost of the implant is negated by the benefits to the patient. The purpose of this study was to perform a comprehensive cost analysis by comparing the cost of surgical procedure, physical therapy visits, time off work, and any costs related to revision surgery between the Broström reconstruction with suture anchors alone versus augmentation with a FiberTape device. Methods: 166 patients undergoing lateral ankle ligament repair were analyzed retrospectively. Patients underwent either a modified Broström ligament repair with two suture anchors or Broström ligament repair with FiberTape augmentation. All patients followed the same post-operative protocol for early weight bearing and initiation of physical therapy once the wound was healed. Timing of return to work and the total number of visits of physical therapy before discharge were recorded. Implant costs, facility charges and professional fees were obtained from billing records. Lost income for missed days of work was based on the Pennsylvania Bureau of Labor Statistics. Complications requiring return to the operating room were recorded. Patients were followed out to one year. Results: Aggregate cost in the modified Broström group was $2,219 more expensive than when augmenting with FiberTape ($20,970 vs. $18,751) despite an increased implant cost of $900. This difference was the result of a greater number of therapy visits and days out of work in the modified Broström group versus the augmentation group (14.9 vs 12.4) as well as a significantly higher amount of days out of work in the modified Broström group versus augmentation (63.3 vs. 53.8 days respectively). No statistically significant difference was found for operation time between groups, and failure rates were similar; 2.0% (1/49) for FiberTape and 3.4% (4/117) for modified Broström. Conclusion: The aim of this study was to explore the cost comparison of the modified Broström procedure for chronic ankle instability versus the FiberTape augmentation. Despite an upfront increase in implant costs, the average cost per procedure was lower for the augmentation group. The majority of cost savings occurred in decreases in the number of physical therapy visits and faster return to work times. The results of this study suggest that the use of FiberTape to augment modified Broström repair may have a financial benefit and cost savings to patients and the healthcare system.

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