The role of gut microbiome in inflammatory skin disorders: a systematic review

The close relationship between the intestine and the skin has been widely stated, seen from gastrointestinal (GI) disorders often accompanied by skin manifestations. Exactly how the gut microbiome is related to skin inflammation and influences the pathophysiology mechanism of skin disorders are still unclear. Many studies have shown a two-way relationship between gut and skin associated with GI health and skin homeostasis and allostasis. This systematic review aimed to explore the associations between the gut microbiome with inflammatory skin disorders, such as acne, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and urticaria, and to discover the advanced concept of this relationship. Methods: The literature search was limited to any articles published up to December 2020 using PubMed and EBSCOHost. The review followed the PRISMA guidelines for conducting a systematic review. Result: Of the 319 articles screened based on title and abstract, 111 articles underwent full-text screening. Of these, 23 articles met our inclusion criteria, comprising 13 AD, three psoriasis, four acne vulgaris, and four chronic urticaria articles. Discussion: Acne vulgaris, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and chronic urticaria are inflammation skin disorders that were studied recently to ascertain the relationship of these disorders with dysbiosis of the GI microbiome. All acne vulgaris, psoriasis, and chronic urticaria studies stated the association of gut microbiome with skin manifestations. However, the results in atopic dermatitis are still conflicting. Most of the articles agree that Bifidobacterium plays an essential role as anti-inflammation bacteria, and Proteobacteria and Enterobacteria impact inflammation in inflammatory skin disorder.

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Reticular erythematous mucinosis: Literature review and case report of a 24-year-old patient with systemic erythematosus lupus

Lupus ◽

10.1177/0961203320965702 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 096120332096570

Author(s):

Juliana P Ocanha-Xavier ◽

Camila O Cola-Senra ◽

Jose Candido C Xavier-Junior

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Case Report ◽

Literature Review ◽

English Language ◽

Case Reports ◽

Histopathological Diagnosis ◽

Skin Disorders ◽

Histopathological Findings ◽

Inflammatory Skin

Reticular erythematous mucinosis (REM) was first described 50 years ago, but only around 100 case reports in English have been published. Its relation with other inflammatory skin disorders is still being debated. We report a case of REM, including the clinical and histopathological findings. Also, a systematic review of 94 English-language reported cases is provided. The described criteria for clinical and histopathological diagnosis are highlighted in order to REM can be confidently diagnosed.

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#15 Endocrine and immune responses to stress in chronic inflammatory skin disorders ñ a comparison between TH1 (psoriasis vulgaris) and TH2 (atopic dermatitis) mediated skin disease

Brain Behavior and Immunity ◽

10.1016/j.bbi.2005.10.021 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. e8

Author(s):

Angelika Buske-Kirschbaum ◽

Simone Kern ◽

Marcel Ebrecht ◽

Dirk Hellhammer

Keyword(s):

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Skin Disease ◽

Psoriasis Vulgaris ◽

Skin Disorders ◽

Inflammatory Skin

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Ceramides: Where do we stand?

10.25259/csdm_33_2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 44

Author(s):

Nidhi Yadav ◽

Bhushan Madke ◽

Anupam Das

Keyword(s):

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Barrier Function ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Acne Vulgaris ◽

Skin Aging ◽

Skin Disorders ◽

Healthy Skin ◽

Epidermal Barrier ◽

Inflammatory Dermatoses ◽

Integral Component

Ceramides are an integral component of the epidermal barrier system. Alterations in ceramides levels are associated with various inflammatory dermatoses such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, ichthyosis, Gaucher’s disease, acne vulgaris, and skin aging. Various formulations containing ceramides have been developed so that exogenous ceramides can repair the barrier function. Herein, the authors have provided an overview of the basic anatomy, structure, functioning, and importance of ceramides and their role in healthy skin and various skin disorders. In addition, the authors review conventional and newer technologies for delivery of ceramides in various skin diseases.

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Relationship between Skin Microbiota and Skin Biophysical Parameters in Inflammatory Skin Disease: A Systematic Review

Clinical Dermatology & Therapy ◽

10.24966/cdt-8771/100072 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Paola Perugini ◽

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Bacterial Flora ◽

Skin Microbiota ◽

Biophysical Parameters ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

Inflammatory Skin Diseases ◽

Starting Point ◽

Inflammatory Skin

Many recent studies highlight the importance of skin microbiota for skin health. Alterations in the balance of bacterial flora cause the development of inflammatory skin diseases such as acne, atopic dermatitis, or psoriasis. This systematic review aims to investigate the relationship, in these skin diseases, between skin microbiota and skin biophysical parameters, such as pH, Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL), Hydration (HI) and sebum levels. Google Scholar, Medline via Pubmed, and Web of Science were considered as scientific database to search studies about this topic. Research about acne and psoriasis did not produce any results. For this reason, in this review, only articles concerning atopic dermatitis were discussed. Therefore, a possible correlation between skin barrier functionality and microbial composition was also investigated. So, this could be a starting point for the diagnosis of atopic dermatitis or, more generally, for all inflammatory skin diseases.

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Keratinocytes control skin immune homeostasis through de novo–synthesized glucocorticoids

Science Advances ◽

10.1126/sciadv.abe0337 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. eabe0337

Author(s):

Truong San Phan ◽

Leonhard Schink ◽

Jasmin Mann ◽

Verena M. Merk ◽

Pascale Zwicky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

De Novo ◽

Skin Inflammation ◽

Experimental Models ◽

Contact Hypersensitivity ◽

Skin Disorders ◽

Hydroxylase Deficiency ◽

Skin Immune System ◽

Inflammatory Skin

Glucocorticoids (GC), synthesized by the 11β-hydroxylase (Cyp11b1), control excessive inflammation through immunosuppressive actions. The skin was proposed to regulate homeostasis by autonomous GC production in keratinocytes. However, their immunosuppressive capacity and clinical relevance remain unexplored. Here, we demonstrate the potential of skin-derived GC and their role in the regulation of physiological and prevalent inflammatory skin conditions. In line with 11β-hydroxylase deficiency in human inflammatory skin disorders, genetic in vivo Cyp11b1 ablation and long-term GC deficiency in keratinocytes primed the murine skin immune system resulting in spontaneous skin inflammation. Deficient skin GC in experimental models for inflammatory skin disorders led to exacerbated contact hypersensitivity and psoriasiform skin inflammation accompanied by decreased regulatory T cells and the involvement of unconventional T cells. Our findings provide insights on how skin homeostasis and pathology are critically regulated by keratinocyte-derived GC, emphasizing the immunoregulatory potential of endogenous GC in the regulation of epithelial immune microenvironment.

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The Role of Gut Microbiome in Psoriasis: Oral Administration of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus danieliae Exacerbates Skin Inflammation of Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-Like Dermatitis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21093303 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (9) ◽

pp. 3303 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Karin Okada ◽

Yoshiaki Matsushima ◽

Kento Mizutani ◽

Keiichi Yamanaka

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiome ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Skin Inflammation ◽

Gut Bacteria ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Skin Microbiome ◽

Inflammatory Skin Diseases ◽

Fecal Microbiome ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Inflammatory Skin

Psoriasis is one of the common chronic inflammatory skin diseases in which inflammatory cytokines such as IL-17 and TNF-α play critical roles. Skin microbiome of psoriasis patients is reported to have elevated Staphylococcus and Streptococcus genus. There are controversial reports about gut microbiome of psoriasis patients, and whether the diversity of bacteria in genus level is decreased or not is still unclear. Moreover, it is not yet known if these gut bacteria would be the cause of the inflammation or the result of the inflammation. We analyzed the gut microbiome of the inflammatory skin model mouse (keratinocyte-specific caspase-1 transgenic (Kcasp1Tg) mouse), by analyzing the 16S rRNA gene. Staphylocuccus aureus and Streptococcus danieliae were abundant in Kcasp1Tg mouse fecal microbiome. These dominant bacteria as well as recessive control bacteria were orally administrated to antibiotic-treated wild type mice, and set up imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation model. The skin inflammation including ear thickness and histopathological findings was analyzed. The exacerbated skin lesions with the elevated levels of TNF-α, IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22 were observed in Staphylocuccus aureus and Streptococcus danieliae administrated groups. Our finding suggests that there is affinity between skin inflammation severity and certain gut bacteria leading to a vicious cycle: skin inflammation populates certain gut bacteria which itself worsens the skin inflammation. This is the first report on Staphylocuccus aureus and Streptococcuus danieliae effects in vivo. Not only treating the skin lesion but also treating the gut microbiome could be the future key treatment for inflammatory skin disease such as psoriasis.

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