scholarly journals Autophagy precedes apoptosis during degeneration of the Kölliker’s organ in the development of rat cochlea

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shule Hou ◽  
Jiarui Chen ◽  
Jun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Supporting Cells ◽  
Autophagy Flux ◽  
Early Postnatal Development ◽  
Sequestosome 1 ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cellular Apoptosis ◽  
Epithelial Structure ◽  
Apoptosis Markers

The Kölliker’s organ is a transient epithelial structure during cochlea development that gradually degenerates and disappears at postnatal 12-14 days (P12-14). While apoptosis has been shown to play an essential role in the degeneration of the Kölliker’s organ, the role of another programmed cell death, autophagy, remains unclear. In our study, autophagy markers including microtubule associated protein light chain 3-II (LC3-II), sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1/p62) and Beclin1 were detected in the supporting cells of the Kölliker’s organ through immunohistochemistry staining. In addition, Western blot and real-time PCR revealed a gradually decreased expression of LC3-II and an increased expression of p62 during early postnatal development. Compared to apoptosis markers that peaks between P7 and P10, autophagy flux peaked earlier at P1 and decreased from P1 to P14. By transmission electron microscopy, we observed representative autophagosome and autolysosome that packaged various organelles in the supporting cells of the Kölliker’s organ. During the degeneration, these organelles were digested via autophagy well ahead of the cellular apoptosis. These results suggest that autophagy plays an important role in transition and degeneration of the Kölliker’s organ prior to apoptosis during the early postnatal development.

Early postnatal development of electrophysiological and histological properties of sensory sural nerves in male rats that were maternally deprived and artificially reared: Role of tactile stimulation

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rene Zempoalteca ◽  
Mercedes G. Porras ◽  
Suelem Moreno-Pérez ◽  
Gabriela Ramirez-Funez ◽  
Elsa L. Aguirre-Benítez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Tactile Stimulation ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Early Postnatal Development ◽  
Sural Nerves

Interreceptor Contacts in Olfactory Mucosa of Prog and Turtle

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 302-303
Author(s):  
P. P. C. Graziadei ◽  
R. L. Pierantoni
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Olfactory Receptors ◽  
Olfactory Mucosa ◽  
Junctional Complex ◽  
Supporting Cells ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Dendritic Process

Besides the mechanical role of supporting elements, supporting cells in the vertebrates olfactory mucosa have been attributed the role of secretion and isolation of olfactory receptors. The role of isolating elements has been presently investigated and the data obtained prove this role should be revised. With the transmission electron microscope sections perpendicular and parallel to the surface of the olfactory mucosa were studied. In perpendicular sections it has been observed that receptors (r) are on occasion in mutual direct contact at the level of the junctional complex (Fig. 1). Furthermore, along their dendritic process they come close together both along large areas or through specific armlike (a) processes. (Fig. 2). In sections parallel to the surface the receptors arrange themselves in annular interconnected patterns. Each receptor, moreover, extends short protrusions (the same armlike processes (arrow) as seen in perpendicular sections) to the neighboring neurons (Fig. 3).

scholarly journals The role of Matriptase-2 during the early postnatal development in humans

Haematologica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. e126-e128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigia De Falco ◽  
Mariasole Bruno ◽  
Ebru Yilmaz-Keskin ◽  
Ertan Sal ◽  
Mustafa Büyükavci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Early Postnatal Development

scholarly journals Apoptosis pattern and alterations of expression of apoptosis-related factors of supporting cells in Kölliker’s organ in vivo in early stage after birth in rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Liu ◽  
Linbin Cai ◽  
Yuanyuan He ◽  
Jun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Caspase 9 ◽  
Supporting Cells ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Early Postnatal Development ◽  
Cochlear Development

<p>Kölliker’s organ is a temporary but indispensable structure in the development of the cochlea. Supporting cells (SCs) within it release adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP), which may play a crucial role in cochlear development before the onset of hearing. To reveal the apoptosis of Kölliker’s organ in new-born rats, we studied the morphological changes and expression of apoptosis-related factors during early postnatal development. We found SCs in Kölliker’s organ decreased in number and changed in appearance along the cochlea apex-to-base gradient, and the expression of caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9 and bcl-2 in Kölliker’s organ of the cochlea fluctuated along the course of postnatal development, with an expression peak at postnatal day 3. This study demonstrates a time-dependent degeneration of Kölliker’s organ during postnatal cochlea development, which might be triggered by endogenous factors. </p>

scholarly journals CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of Mct8 reveals a functional involvement of Mct8 in testis and sperm development in a rat

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hee Sook Bae ◽  
Yun-Kyeong Jin ◽  
Sangwoo Ham ◽  
Hee Kyoung Kim ◽  
Hyejung Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Male Reproduction ◽  
Monocarboxylate Transporter ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Growth Delay ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Early Postnatal Development ◽  
Functional Involvement

AbstractThyroid hormone (TH) has long been believed to play a minor role in male reproduction. However, evidences from experimental model of thyrotoxicosis or hypothyroidism suggests its role in spermatogenesis. Cellular action of TH requires membrane transport via specific transporters such as monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8). SLC16A2 (encodes for MCT8) inactivating mutation in humans can lead to Allan-Herndon Dudley-syndrome, a X-linked psychomotor and growth retardation. These patients present cryptorchidism which suggests a role of MCT8 during spermatogenesis. In this study, we found that Mct8 is highly expressed during early postnatal development and decreases its expression in the adulthood of testis of wild-type male rats. Histological analysis revealed that spermatogonia largely lacks MCT8 expression while spermatocytes and maturing spermatids highly express MCT8. To further understand the role of Mct8 during spermatogenesis, we generated Slc16a2 (encodes MCT8) knockout rats using CRISPR/Cas9. Serum THs (T3 and T4) level were significantly altered in Slc16a2 knockout rats when compared to wild-type littermates during early to late postnatal development. Unlike Slc16a2 knockout mice, Slc16a2 knockout rats showed growth delay during early to late postnatal development. In adult Slc16a2 knockout rats, we observed reduced sperm motility and viability. Collectively, our data unveil a functional involvement of MCT8 in spermatogenesis, underscoring the importance of TH signaling and action during spermatogenesis.

On Future Directions in Pathology

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 274-277
Author(s):  
Benjamin F. Trump ◽  
Irene K. Berezesky ◽  
Raymond T. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Diagnostic Pathology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Many

The role of electron microscopy and associated techniques is assured in diagnostic pathology. At the present time, most of the progress has been made on tissues examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and correlated with light microscopy (LM) and by cytochemistry using both plastic and paraffin-embedded materials. As mentioned elsewhere in this symposium, this has revolutionized many fields of pathology including diagnostic, anatomic and clinical pathology. It began with the kidney; however, it has now been extended to most other organ systems and to tumor diagnosis in general. The results of the past few years tend to indicate the future directions and needs of this expanding field. Now, in addition to routine EM, pathologists have access to the many newly developed methods and instruments mentioned below which should aid considerably not only in diagnostic pathology but in investigative pathology as well.

Transmission Electron Microscopy studies of texture of Cr underlayer of magnetic recording hard disk

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 580-581
Author(s):  
L. Tang ◽  
G. Thomas ◽  
M. R. Khan ◽  
S. L. Duan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Magnetic Recording ◽  
Magnetic Thin Films ◽  
Magnetic Films ◽  
Substrate Bias ◽  
Epitaxial Relationship ◽  
Transmission Electron

Cr thin films are often used as underlayers for Co alloy magnetic thin films, such as Co1, CoNi2, and CoNiCr3, for high density longitudinal magnetic recording. It is belived that the role of the Cr underlayer is to control the growth and texture of the Co alloy magnetic thin films, and, then, to increase the in plane coercivity of the films. Although many epitaxial relationship between the Cr underlayer and the magnetic films, such as ﹛1010﹜Co/ {110﹜Cr4, ﹛2110﹜Co/ ﹛001﹜Cr5, ﹛0002﹜Co/﹛110﹜Cr6, have been suggested and appear to be related to the Cr thickness, the texture of the Cr underlayer itself is still not understood very well. In this study, the texture of a 2000 Å thick Cr underlayer on Nip/Al substrate for thin films of (Co75Ni25)1-xTix dc-sputtered with - 200 V substrate bias is investigated by electron microscopy.

Transmission Electron Microscopy of Evaporated Perylene Thin Films

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-337
Author(s):  
C. Ewins ◽  
J.R. Fryer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Molecular Electronics ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Amorphous Layer ◽  
Electric Heater ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

The preparation of thin films of organic molecules is currently receiving much attention because of the need to produce good quality thin films for molecular electronics. We have produced thin films of the polycyclic aromatic, perylene C10H12 by evaporation under high vacuum onto a potassium chloride (KCl) substrate. The role of substrate temperature in determining the morphology and crystallography of the films was then investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).The substrate studied was the (001) face of a freshly cleaved crystal of KCl. The temperature of the KCl was controlled by an electric heater or a cold finger. The KCl was heated to 200°C under a vacuum of 10-6 torr and allowed to cool to the desired temperature. The perylene was then evaporated over a period of one minute from a molybdenum boat at a distance of 10cm from the KCl. The perylene thin film was then backed with an amorphous layer of carbon and floated onto copper microscope grids.

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