scholarly journals Salinity types and level-based effects on the growth, physiology and nutrient contents of maize (Zea mays)

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haroon Shahzad ◽  
Sami Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal ◽  
Hafiz Muhammad Bilal ◽  
Ghulam Mustafa Shah ◽  
...  

Salinity is a devastating problem of arid and semi-arid climatic regions with uneven salt accumulation which hinders growth and development of crops. The deleterious effects of salinity mainly depend on level and source of salinity. We hypothesized that types of sodium salt (NaCl and Na2SO4) might cause variable toxicity in maize (Zea mays L.) plants. The objective of the present study was to compare the effect of different types of sodium salt (NaCl and Na2SO4), each at EC 5 and 10 dS m–1 on growth, physiology and nutrient contents of maize plant grown in earthen pots under wire house conditions. Results revealed toxic effects of salt stress on seed germination, root and shoot growth and biomass. Maize physiology in terms of sub-stomatal CO2 index, chlorophyll and relative water contents, photosynthetic and transpiration rate also reduced under salt stress. Among the types of salt and levels of salinity, NaCl applied at the rate of 10 dS m–1 caused the highest reduction in seed germination, growth and physiology due to high accumulation of Na and Cl ions whereas low in K ion in maize plant tissues. Based on the findings, we do conclude that NaCl applied at the rate of 10 dS m–1 has more negative impact on maize growth and nutrient acquisition than Na2SO4 at same level of salinity.

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
Dulguun Iderkhurts ◽  
Amarsanaa Badgaa ◽  
Altanzaya Tovuu ◽  
Enkhchimeg Vanjildorj

This is very important to use environmentally friendly and low-toxicity salt preparations for urban greenery to melt snow and ice. In this experiment, we selected lettuce (Lactuca sativa) that represents a salt-sensitive plant is grown in urban green areas. The effects of salt stress on the morphology and physiology of lettuce were determined by using of different compositions and concentrations of salt preparations for winter road snowmelt. NaCl-based salt preparations with concentrations ranging from 0 to 450 mM, NaCl: CaCl2 (50:50), NaCl: HCOONa (50:50), and NaCl: HCOONa: CaCl2 (50:25:25) were used. As a result, it is important for us to determine the type and concentration of road snowmelt salt preparations that have the least negative impact on urban greenery. According to the results of the study, salt preparation in the ratio of NaCl: CaCl2 (50:50) inhibited seed germination and growth, and the plants were the first to be exposed to stress. When using a salt preparation containing NaCl: HCOONa (50:50), stress-prone characters’ indicators of stress, such as growth retardation, stunted growth and withering, were relatively low. If salt preparations 1 and 3 are used for snowmelt, the concentration should not exceed 100-150 mM, and if preparation 2 is used, the concentration should not exceed 250 mM for having the adverse effects on salt-sensitive plants growing on urban greenery. Давсанд мэдрэг ургамлын морфологи, физиологийн зарим үзүүлэлтэд давсны бэлдмэлийн үзүүлэх нөлөө Байгаль орчинд ээлтэй, хотын ногоон байгууламжийн ургамалд хоруу чанар багатай бэлдмэлийг хот суурин газрын цас хайлуулах зорилгоор ашиглах зайлшгүй шаардлага тулгараад байна. Энэхүү туршилтад бид хотын ногоон байгууламжид тарьдаг давсанд мэдрэг ургамлын төлөөлөл болох нийлмэл цэцэгтний овгийн навчит байцаа (Lactuca sativa) –г сонгон авч өвөл замын цас хайлуулах зориулалтаар хийгдсэн ялгаатай найрлага болон концентраци бүхий давсны бэлдмэлүүдээр үйлчлэн давсны стресс ногоон байгууламжийн ургамлын морфологи, физиологит хэрхэн нөлөөлж байгааг тодорхойлов. Судалгаанд NaCl суурьтай ч 0-450 мМ хүртлэх концентрацитай, NaCl:CaCl2 (50:50), NaCl:HCOONa (50:50), болон NaCl:HCOONa:CaCl2 (50:25:25) найрлагын агууламжаар ялгаатай давсны уусмалуудыг ашиглав.Энэхүү судалгааны үр дүнд бид хотын ногоон байгууламжийн ургамалд сөрөг нөлөө багатай замын цас хайлуулах давсны төрөл, концентрацийг тогтоох ач холбогдолтой. Судалгааны үр дүнгээс харахад NaCl:CaCl2 (50:50) харьцаатай давс нь үрийн соёололт, өсөлтийг дарангуйлж ургамал стрессд хамгийн түрүүлж өртөж байсан бол ялангуяа,  NaCl:HCOONa (50:50) найрлагатай давсны уусмалаар үйлчлэхэд навчит байцааны морфологи (үндэсний урт, ишний урт, навчны хуурай жин) болон физиологийн (үрийн ус шингээх эрчим, үрийн соёололт, хлорофиллын агууламж) үзүүлэлтүүдэд стрессийн шинж тэмдгүүд болох өсөлт, хөгжилт удаашрах, гандах байдал харьцангуй бага илэрлээ. Хэрэв бэлдмэл 1 ба 3-ыг цас хайлуулахад ашиглах тохиолдолд концентрацийг 100-150 мМ-иос хэтрүүлэхгүй байх, бэлдмэл 2-ыг 250 мМ-иос хэтрүүлэхгүй байвал давсанд мэдрэг ургамалд үзүүлэх сөрөг нөлөө бага байж болно.  Түлхүүр үгс: Навчит байцаа , давсны стресс, морфологи болон физиологийн үзүүлэлт, хоруу чанар багатай давсны бэлдмэл


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxia Li ◽  
Weiguang Yang ◽  
Qian Li ◽  
Pincang Zhao ◽  
Junting Jia ◽  
...  

Abstract Sheepgrass is a perennial native grass species with an aggressive and vigorous rhizome system, and it can tolerate high levels of salt stress. Many salt stress-responsive genes have been identified in sheepgrass. Here, we identified and characterized a novel salt-induced gene, LcSAIN3 (Leymus chinensis salt-induced 3), from sheepgrass. Expression analysis confirmed that LcSAIN3 is induced by PEG, ABA and salt stress. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that the LcSAIN3 protein is mainly localized in the chloroplasts. The heterologous of LcSAIN3 in Arabidopsis increases seed germination under various stress conditions. More importantly, the seedling survival, plant height and weight of the transgenic plants are higher than those of the WT plants under salt stress. The overexpression of LcSAIN3 causes a relatively high accumulation of free proline; enhances SOD activity; and leads to the upregulated expression of several stress-responsive genes, such as AtRAB26, AtRD29B, AtSOS1 and AtP5CS1. Our results suggest that LcSAIN3 may be a useful gene for the molecular breeding to improve plants salt stress tolerance.


2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.K. Hasan ◽  
M.S. Islam ◽  
M.R. Islam ◽  
H.N. Ismaan ◽  
A. El Sabagh

Abstract A laboratory experiment regarding germination and seedling growth test was conducted with three black gram genotypes tested under three salinity levels (0, 75 and 150 mM), for 10 days, in sand culture within small plastic pot, to investigate the germination and seedling growth characteristics. Different germination traits of all black gram genotypes, like germination percentage (GP), germination rate (GR), coefficient of velocity of germination (CVG) greatly reduced, as well as mean germination time (MGT) increased with increasing salt stress. At high salt stress, BARI Mash-3 provided the highest GP reduction (28.58%), while the lowest was recorded (15.79% to control) in BARI Mash-1. Salinity have the negative impact on shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weights. The highest (50.32% to control) and lowest reduction (36.39%) of shoot length were recorded in BARI Mash-2 and BARI Mash-1, respectively, under 150 mM NaCl saline conditions. There were significant reduction of root lengths, root fresh and dry weight, shoot length, shoot fresh and dry weight in all genotypes under saline condition. The genotypes were arranged as BARI Mash-1 > BARI Mash-3 > BARI Mash-2, with respect to salinity tolerance.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document