scholarly journals Grain yield and associated physiological traits of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars under different planting dates and drought stress at the 3 flowering stage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliakbar Shafighi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Ardakani ◽  
Amir Hossein Shirani Rad ◽  
Mojtaba Alavifazel ◽  
Farnaz Rafiei
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Semi Arid

The adverse effects of abiotic stresses have always restricted oilseed crop production, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. On the other side, global climate change has led us to adapt planting dates and select tolerant cultivars to encounter the new climatic conditions. To evaluate the effect of late-season drought stress under different planting dates on rapeseed cultivars, an experiment was conducted as a factorial split-plot based on randomized complete block design in Karaj region- Iran, during 2015-2017. Planting date and irrigation treatments were considered in the main plots as factorial and cultivars were placed in subplots. Two planting dates were regular date (October 7) (PD1) and late planting date (November 6) (PD2). Irrigation was also carried out at two levels of normal irrigation (NI) and irrigation interruption from flowering stage onwards (II). Experimental cultivars included ES Hydromel, ES Alonso, ES Darko, ES Lauren, and Ahmadi. According to the results, late-season drought stress and delayed planting date reduced leaf relative water content (LRWC), total chlorophyll content (TCC), proline (LPC), and grain yield (GY), and increased stomatal resistance (SR), canopy temperature (CT), and leaf soluble carbohydrates (CLS) in rapeseed cultivars. The highest grain yield (4505.6 kg ha-1) was obtained in NI conditions and PD1. Significant interactions of planting date, irrigation, and cultivar on LRWC, SR, and CLS traits indicated that the ES Hydromel was the most tolerant hybrid cultivar with the highest LRWC and the lowest SR and CLS levels compared to other ones in unfavorable conditions of late-season drought stress and delayed planting. To confirm these results, cluster analysis led to the formation of two clusters, where ES Darko, Ahmadi, and ES Lauren cultivars were placed in the sensitive cluster and ES Hydromel and ES Alonso cultivars were assigned to the tolerant cluster. Therefore, ES Hydromel can be introduced as a superior cultivar to be selected as a genotype that presents acceptable resistance under drought stress and late sowing in arid and semi-arid regions.

scholarly journals Harmonizing sowing dates with onset of rains to guarantee nutri-millets grain yield and quality under rain dependent farming

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (09) ◽  
pp. 1263-1269
Author(s):  
Deepika R ◽  
◽  
Swaminathan C ◽  
Kannan P ◽  
Sathyamoorthy NK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Current Season ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality ◽  
Semi Arid

Nutri-millets offer copious micronutrients like vitamins, beta-carotene etc. In this present day, all the millets are amazingly superior and are therefore, the result for the malnutrition and obesity that affects a vast majority of the Indian population. They have numerous beneficial properties like drought resistant, good yielding in areas where water is limited and they possess good nutritive values. The prospective water scarcity in semi-arid regions disturbs both normal as well as managed environments, which limits the cultivation of crops, fodder, and other plants. The issues faced by the rain-dependent farming of these semi-arid regions are primarily the unpredictability of the monsoon. Probability analysis of rainfall events are believed to contribute in deciding sowing dates for the current season and for successful crop production in semi-arid environments. The present study was carried out in semi-arid condition to quantify the performance of nutri-millets in the rain dependent farming. The experiment was laid out under factorial randomized block design with 3 replications. The treatments comprises of crop factor viz., Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] (C1) and, little millet [Panicum sumatrense Roth ex Roem. & Schult] (C2) and sowing window factor viz., sowing based farmer’s practice (M1) i.e. on 31st standard meteorological week (SMW); Sowing at 33rd SMW based on 50% rainfall probability (M2); Sowing at 38th SMW based on 75% rainfall probability (M3), Sowing window as per the current weather forecast, for this season on 35th SMW (M4).It is evident from the study that Sowing sorghum at 38th standard meteorological week based on 75% rainfall probability recorded higher grain yield, rain water use efficiency with elevated iron and calcium content. This shows that different sowing dates have significant influence on grain yield and quality of nutri-millets.

scholarly journals Variability of head diameter in sunflower hybrids depending on planting date

Genetika ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 983-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Balalic ◽  
Jovan Crnobarac ◽  
Sinisa Jocic ◽  
Vladimir Miklic ◽  
Velimir Radic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Head Diameter ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Head size contributes substantially to seed yield of sunflower because it influences both number of seeds per head, and seed size. The aim of this field study was to determine the variability of head diameter in sunflower hybrids depending on planting date across three cropping seasons. Three hybrids (Miro, Rimi, Pobednik) were sown at four planting dates (PD1 - 20th of March, PD2 - 10th of April, PD3 - 30th of April, PD4 - 20th of May). Head diameter was analysed in the stage of flowering and physiological maturity. The trial was arranged as Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the effect of year, hybrid, planting date and most interactions were highly significant for head diameter in the flowering stage. In the stage of physiological maturity head diameter varied significantly depending only on the planting date. Also, all interactions, except year ? hybrid (Y ? H), were highly significant. Planting date had significant influence on head diameter in the stage of flowering and physiological maturity in sunflower. With later sowing head diameter increased, so that significantly highest head diameter across planting dates was found in PD4 (11.8 cm in flowering stage, and 22.6 cm at the stage of physiological maturity). Study results may be helpful in the recommendation for optimal planting date in sunflower.

scholarly journals Effect of Planting Dates on Growth and Yield of Four Cultivars of Wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 923 (1) ◽  
pp. 012064
Author(s):  
Mahmood T. Al-Jayashi ◽  
Ali A.S. Hawal ◽  
Alyaa Muayad Adham
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Experiment Method

Abstract A field experiment was applied at the research station in Al-Najmi district, Al-Muthanna governorate during the agricultural season 2020-2021, to determine evaluating several cultivars of wheat by changing the date of their cultivation. The experiment was applied using the split plot using the Randomized complete Block Design(RCBD) with three replicates experiment method, where the planting dates were occupied (1/11, 15/11, 1/12 and 12/15) the main plots, while the cultivars (Baghdad, Furat, Rashid, and Wafia) occupied the secondary plots and with three replicates. The results showed that the planting date (1/12) was superior to the number of days up to 75% of flowering, the number of spikes. m−2, and the grain yield ton. ha−1, which amounted to 109 days, 409.9 spikes and 5.77 tons, respectively. While the planting date (15/11) exceeded in both characteristics the leaf area and the number of grains in the spike, as it reached 46.18 cm and 49.78 grains. As for the cultivaries, the Baghdad cultivar surpassed in the characteristics of the area of the flag leaf, the number of fertile spikes, the number of grains per spike, and the grain yield, which reached 44.70 cm, 395.7 spikes.m−2, 48.38 grains, spike−1 and 6.16 tons.ha−1, respectively.

scholarly journals Effect of Iron on Yield of Corn (Zea mays L.) in Drought Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
K. Rafsanjani ◽  
A. Madani ◽  
F. Vazin
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Pan Evaporation ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Abstract In hot and arid regions, drought stress is considered as one of the main reasons for yield reduction. To study the effect of drought stress, iron spray on the yield and yield components of corn, an experiment was carried out during the crop seasons of 2013 on research Farm in Faizabad of Iran, as a split plot within randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plots with irrigation factor and four levels were considered: level A) 50 ml evaporation from pan evaporation; level B) 100 ml evaporation from pan evaporation; level C) 150 ml evaporation from pan evaporation and level D) 200 ml evaporation from pan evaporation. Sub plots were considered with iron spray in three levels, included level A) 80 g/ha, level B) 130 g/ha and level C) 180 g/ha. The drought stress reduced seed yield, the 1000-kernels weight (TKW), the number of seeds per ear, the number of seeds per row in ear, the number of rows per ear about 39%, 6%, 31%, 14% and 27% less than control treatment, respectively. Using iron, as compared with control treatment, causes the increase of 1000-kernels weight from 295 to 311 g and the increase of seed yield from 5188 to 7078. The results obtained from the present research showed that iron spray has fairly improved the effects caused by drought stress.

scholarly journals Principal coordinate analysis of genotype × environment interaction for grain yield of bread wheat in the semi-arid regions

Genetika ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 691-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naser Sabaghnia ◽  
Mohtasham Mohammadi ◽  
Rahmatollah Karimizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spanning Tree ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Minimum Spanning Tree ◽  
Principal Coordinate Analysis ◽  
Ge Interaction ◽  
Principal Coordinates Analysis ◽  
Principal Coordinates ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Semi Arid

Multi-environmental trials have significant main effects and significant multiplicative genotype ? environment (GE) interaction effect. Principal coordinate analysis (PCOA) offers a more appropriate statistical analysis to deal with such situations, compared to traditional statistical methods. Eighteen bread wheat genotypes were grown in four semi-arid regions over three year seasons to study the GE interaction and yield stability and obtained data on grain yield were analyzed using PCOA. Combined analysis of variance indicated that all of the studied effects including the main effects of genotype and environments as well as the GE interaction were highly significant. According to grand means and total mean yield, test environments were grouped to two main groups as high mean yield (H) and low mean yield (L). There were five H test environments and six L test environments which analyzed in the sequential cycles. For each cycle, both scatter point diagram and minimum spanning tree plot were drawn. The identified most stable genotypes with dynamic stability concept and based on the minimum spanning tree plots and centroid distances were G1 (3310.2 kg ha-1) and G5 (3065.6 kg ha-1), and therefore could be recommended for unfavorable or poor conditions. Also, genotypes G7 (3047.2 kg ha-1) and G16 (3132.3 kg ha-1) were located several times in the vertex positions of high cycles according to the principal coordinates analysis. The principal coordinates analysis provided useful and interesting ways of investigating GE interaction of barley genotypes. Finally, the results of principal coordinates analysis in general confirmed the breeding value of the genotypes, obtained on the basis of the yield stability evaluation.

scholarly journals Variability, Heritability, Genetic Advance and Interrelationships for Agronomic and Yield Traits of Sorghum B-Lines under Different Environments

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
A. M. M. Al-Naggar ◽  
R. M. Abd El-Salam ◽  
M. R. A. Hovny ◽  
Walaa Y. S. Yaseen
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Strength Of Association ◽  
B Lines

Information on heritability and trait association in crops assist breeders to allocate resources necessary to effectively select for desired traits and to achieve maximum genetic gain with little time and resources. The objectives of this investigation were to determine the amount of genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance and strength of association of yield related traits among sorghum lines under different environments in Egypt. Six environments with 25 sorghum B-lines were at two locations in Egypt (Giza and Shandaweel) in two years and two planting dates in one location (Giza). A randomized complete block design was used in each environment with three replications. Significant variation was observed among sorghum lines for all studied traits in all environments. Across environments, grain yield/plant (GYPP) showed positive and significant correlations with number of grains/plant (r = 0.71), days to flowering (r = 0.47), 1000-grain weight (r = 0.16) and plant height (PH) (r = 0.19). In general, the estimates of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were higher than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV). Combined across the six environments, the highest PCV and GCV was shown by PH trait (95.14 and 43.57%) followed by GYPP (36.42 and 30.78%), respectively, indicating that selection for high values of these traits of sorghum would be effective. GYPP and PH traits showed high heritability associated with high genetic advance from selection, indicating that there are good opportunities to get success in improvement of these traits via selection procedures. Results concluded that PH is good selection criterion for GYPP and therefore selection for tall sorghum plants would increase grain yield.

scholarly journals Field Evaluation of Yield and Yield Component Traits of Breeding Lines of Maize over Two Seasons in Derived Savannah Agro-Ecology

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-574
Author(s):  
Charles U. UBA ◽  
Christian U. AGBO ◽  
Uchechukwu P. CHUKWUDI ◽  
Andrew A. EFUSIE ◽  
Stella O. MUOJIAMA
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Positive Effects

The understanding of yield and the interaction with its components is very important for selection in early generations of crop breeding. Twelve maize genotypes were collected from International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA) along with seven landraces in order to identify the contribution of different traits to yield improvement. The experiments were carried out in two different seasons (March/April-early and July/August- late) in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Early season planting had a higher grain yield than late season planting. The difference in grain yield between early and late season was 3.92 tons/ha. This represents a 27.8% increase in grain yield during the early season over the late season planting. Number of ears per plant and shelling percentage were not influenced by seasonal effects. Ear weight and days to tasselling showed the highest direct positive effects of 0.972 and 0.665, respectively on grain yield, during early season. Furthermore, ear weight, followed by shelling percentage, exerted the highest direct positive effect on grain yield in late season. Higher indirect positive effects were obtained for ear diameter, ear length, ear height and plant height via ear weight in both seasons. Ear weight, days to tasselling and ear length were identified as the major traits affecting yield of maize in both seasons in the derived Savannah agro-ecology.

scholarly journals Effects of planting dates on the growth and grain yield of two indigenous varieties of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.) in a forest-savanna transition zone of Edo State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Sunday Ebonka NWAJEI ◽  
Anthony Uhunomwan OMOREGIE ◽  
Felix Omonkeke OGEDEGBE
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Edo State ◽  
June July

<p>Effects of planting dates on the growth and grain yield of two indigenous varieties of pearl millet was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma. The experiment was a 2 × 5 factorial scheme fitted into a randomized complete block design with the two varieties of pearl millet (‘Gero Bida’ and ‘Gero Badeggi’) and five planting dates (April, May, June, July and August) replicated three times. The results obtained showed that delays in planting date significantly reduced growth in pearl millet examined. Similar pattern was observed on days to 50 % flowering and grain maturity. Improved growth with early sowing could have allowed increased availability of assimilates that later supported reproductive growth. These assimilates were remobilized under unfavourable climatic condition in the late cropping season to the reproductive structures. ‘Gero Badeggi’ sown in April, had significantly, the highest growth in the measured characters than ‘Gero Bida’ sown in August and other dates. ‘Gero Badeggi’ planted in May had the highest total grain yield (9.33 t ha<sup>-1</sup>) while ‘Gero Bida’ planted in July had the smallest (4.27 t ha<sup>-1</sup>). Therefore, ‘Gero Baddegi’ planted in May is a better variety for pearl millet grain production in Ekpoma.</p>

scholarly journals Response of Canola Advanced Lines to Delay Plantings upon Late Season Drought Stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Amir Hosein Shirani Rad ◽  
Nasser Shahsavari ◽  
Nadia Safavi Fard
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Formation Stage ◽  
Pod Number

     In order to evaluation of canola advanced lines response to delay plantings under late season drought stress conditions, an experiment was carried out in a factorial split-plot arrangement based on RCBD with three replications during two years (2012-2014) in Karaj of Iran. Treatments were; (1): Planting date in two levels (16 October and 1 November), (2): irrigation, in two levels (I1: normal irrigation as control and I2: restricted irrigation after pod formation stage) as main plots and (3): twelve oilseed rape genotypes as sub plots such as BAL2, BAL1, BAL3, BAL6, BAL8, BAL9, BAL11, BAL15, L72, R15, L109 and Okapi. The interaction effects of planting date, irrigation and genotype on pod number per plant, seed number per pod, 1000-seed weight, seed yield, and oil yield were significant at 1% level probability. The maximum seed yield under planting at the appropriate time (16 October), normal irrigation and drought stress conditions (restricted irrigation after pod formation stage) was observed in Okapi and L109, respectively). Among genotypes, R15 line under delay planting (1 November) and both normal irrigation and drought stress conditions (restricted irrigation after pod formation stage) showed the maximum seed yield.

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