scholarly journals Principal coordinate analysis of genotype × environment interaction for grain yield of bread wheat in the semi-arid regions

Genetika ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 691-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naser Sabaghnia ◽  
Mohtasham Mohammadi ◽  
Rahmatollah Karimizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spanning Tree ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Minimum Spanning Tree ◽  
Principal Coordinate Analysis ◽  
Ge Interaction ◽  
Principal Coordinates Analysis ◽  
Principal Coordinates ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Semi Arid

Multi-environmental trials have significant main effects and significant multiplicative genotype ? environment (GE) interaction effect. Principal coordinate analysis (PCOA) offers a more appropriate statistical analysis to deal with such situations, compared to traditional statistical methods. Eighteen bread wheat genotypes were grown in four semi-arid regions over three year seasons to study the GE interaction and yield stability and obtained data on grain yield were analyzed using PCOA. Combined analysis of variance indicated that all of the studied effects including the main effects of genotype and environments as well as the GE interaction were highly significant. According to grand means and total mean yield, test environments were grouped to two main groups as high mean yield (H) and low mean yield (L). There were five H test environments and six L test environments which analyzed in the sequential cycles. For each cycle, both scatter point diagram and minimum spanning tree plot were drawn. The identified most stable genotypes with dynamic stability concept and based on the minimum spanning tree plots and centroid distances were G1 (3310.2 kg ha-1) and G5 (3065.6 kg ha-1), and therefore could be recommended for unfavorable or poor conditions. Also, genotypes G7 (3047.2 kg ha-1) and G16 (3132.3 kg ha-1) were located several times in the vertex positions of high cycles according to the principal coordinates analysis. The principal coordinates analysis provided useful and interesting ways of investigating GE interaction of barley genotypes. Finally, the results of principal coordinates analysis in general confirmed the breeding value of the genotypes, obtained on the basis of the yield stability evaluation.

Adaptation of sulla cultivars to contrasting Mediterranean environments

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 702 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Annicchiarico ◽  
A. Abdelguerfi ◽  
M. Ben Younes ◽  
H. Bouzerzour ◽  
A. M. Carroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Ge Interaction ◽  
Interaction Modelling ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Semi Arid

Sulla coronaria (L.) Choi & Ohashi (syn. Hedysarum coronarium L.) may become a major forage species in various Mediterranean-climate areas. This study aimed to assess the extent of genotype × environment (GE) interaction in the western Mediterranean region and its implications for breeding programmes. The milestone Italian varieties Grimaldi and Sparacia, one recent Italian variety, and the Tunisian cv. D’Italie (evolved under moderately favourable conditions from Italian germplasm introduced about 40 years ago) were evaluated in three environments of Tunisia (of which two were irrigated), two of Algeria, and one of Sardinia (Italy). Water available over the crop cycle (rainfall + possible irrigation from October 2004 to June 2006), ranging from 881 to 1906 mm, accounted for 85% of the variation among environments and 72% of the GE interaction variation for dry matter yield. The latter was adequately described by one-covariate factorial regression, which was preferable to joint regression and additive main effects and multiplicative interaction modelling. D’Italie was specifically adapted to environments with available water exceeding 1200 mm, Grimaldi was top-ranking between 950 and 1200 mm, and Sparacia below 950 mm. The crossover GE interaction between top-yielding material (P < 0.05) has implications for adaptation targets, genetic resources, selection environments, and opportunities for international co-operation between breeding programmes. It suggests breeding either for rainfed cropping in semi-arid or near semi-arid environments, or for definitely subhumid or irrigated environments.

Effect of boronated saline irrigation water on linseed

1984 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. S. Chauhan ◽  
C. P. S. Chauhan ◽  
S. K. Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Continuous Use ◽  
Semi Arid

Underground irrigation water, particularly saline, when in arid and semi-arid regions of India may contain toxic amounts of B, from a trace up to 10 mg B/l (Anon. 1981–82). Continuous use of such water for irrigation may lead to the accumulation of salts and B in soil and this creates toxicity problems. Kanwar & Mehta (1970) have reported that water containing 2 mg B/l is hazardous if used on heavy soils. For sandy loam soils of semi-arid tracts in India, Chauhan & Powar (1978) have reported reductions in the grain yield of wheat and pea at 4 and 6 mg B/l respectively, while under similar conditions grain yield of lentil and barley was reduced at 3 and 6 mg B/l respectively (Chauhan & Asthana, 1981). So far, few attempts have been made to evaluate the effect of boronated saline water on soil and crops, under different agroclimatic conditions. A study of the effect of boronated saline water on an important oil-seed crop, linseed, on alkaline sandy loam soil in the semi-arid region of Agra, India was therefore undertaken.

scholarly journals Grain yield and associated physiological traits of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars under different planting dates and drought stress at the 3 flowering stage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliakbar Shafighi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Ardakani ◽  
Amir Hossein Shirani Rad ◽  
Mojtaba Alavifazel ◽  
Farnaz Rafiei
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Late Season ◽  
Semi Arid

The adverse effects of abiotic stresses have always restricted oilseed crop production, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. On the other side, global climate change has led us to adapt planting dates and select tolerant cultivars to encounter the new climatic conditions. To evaluate the effect of late-season drought stress under different planting dates on rapeseed cultivars, an experiment was conducted as a factorial split-plot based on randomized complete block design in Karaj region- Iran, during 2015-2017. Planting date and irrigation treatments were considered in the main plots as factorial and cultivars were placed in subplots. Two planting dates were regular date (October 7) (PD1) and late planting date (November 6) (PD2). Irrigation was also carried out at two levels of normal irrigation (NI) and irrigation interruption from flowering stage onwards (II). Experimental cultivars included ES Hydromel, ES Alonso, ES Darko, ES Lauren, and Ahmadi. According to the results, late-season drought stress and delayed planting date reduced leaf relative water content (LRWC), total chlorophyll content (TCC), proline (LPC), and grain yield (GY), and increased stomatal resistance (SR), canopy temperature (CT), and leaf soluble carbohydrates (CLS) in rapeseed cultivars. The highest grain yield (4505.6 kg ha-1) was obtained in NI conditions and PD1. Significant interactions of planting date, irrigation, and cultivar on LRWC, SR, and CLS traits indicated that the ES Hydromel was the most tolerant hybrid cultivar with the highest LRWC and the lowest SR and CLS levels compared to other ones in unfavorable conditions of late-season drought stress and delayed planting. To confirm these results, cluster analysis led to the formation of two clusters, where ES Darko, Ahmadi, and ES Lauren cultivars were placed in the sensitive cluster and ES Hydromel and ES Alonso cultivars were assigned to the tolerant cluster. Therefore, ES Hydromel can be introduced as a superior cultivar to be selected as a genotype that presents acceptable resistance under drought stress and late sowing in arid and semi-arid regions.

scholarly journals Harmonizing sowing dates with onset of rains to guarantee nutri-millets grain yield and quality under rain dependent farming

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (09) ◽  
pp. 1263-1269
Author(s):  
Deepika R ◽  
◽  
Swaminathan C ◽  
Kannan P ◽  
Sathyamoorthy NK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Current Season ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality ◽  
Semi Arid

Nutri-millets offer copious micronutrients like vitamins, beta-carotene etc. In this present day, all the millets are amazingly superior and are therefore, the result for the malnutrition and obesity that affects a vast majority of the Indian population. They have numerous beneficial properties like drought resistant, good yielding in areas where water is limited and they possess good nutritive values. The prospective water scarcity in semi-arid regions disturbs both normal as well as managed environments, which limits the cultivation of crops, fodder, and other plants. The issues faced by the rain-dependent farming of these semi-arid regions are primarily the unpredictability of the monsoon. Probability analysis of rainfall events are believed to contribute in deciding sowing dates for the current season and for successful crop production in semi-arid environments. The present study was carried out in semi-arid condition to quantify the performance of nutri-millets in the rain dependent farming. The experiment was laid out under factorial randomized block design with 3 replications. The treatments comprises of crop factor viz., Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] (C1) and, little millet [Panicum sumatrense Roth ex Roem. & Schult] (C2) and sowing window factor viz., sowing based farmer’s practice (M1) i.e. on 31st standard meteorological week (SMW); Sowing at 33rd SMW based on 50% rainfall probability (M2); Sowing at 38th SMW based on 75% rainfall probability (M3), Sowing window as per the current weather forecast, for this season on 35th SMW (M4).It is evident from the study that Sowing sorghum at 38th standard meteorological week based on 75% rainfall probability recorded higher grain yield, rain water use efficiency with elevated iron and calcium content. This shows that different sowing dates have significant influence on grain yield and quality of nutri-millets.

scholarly journals Retention of proteins and minerals after cooking in cowpea genotypes1

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-359
Author(s):  
Danillo Olegário Matos da Silva ◽  
Carlos Antonio Fernandes Santos ◽  
Sirando Lima Seido ◽  
Washington Carvalho Pacheco Coelho ◽  
Deisy Aiane Lima de Aquino
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Cooking Time ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Calcium Iron ◽  
Semi Arid

ABSTRACT Cowpea is a tolerant crop to water deficit, with moderate protein and mineral contents, as well as fast cooking, which are important requirements for semi-arid regions. This study aimed to evaluate the retention of total proteins and minerals after cooking in cowpea genotypes, in order to select those that best preserve these nutrients contents. Twenty-four genotypes were evaluated, being ten lines, five commercial cultivars and nine landraces maintained by farmers. Cooking had a reduced effect on the contents of protein, potassium, calcium, iron and zinc in cowpea grains, with significant effects only in a few genotypes. A significant and positive correlation was observed only for grain yield x zinc content and protein content x cooking time. The line CPCR3F6L17 presented a high grain yield and high levels of protein, potassium, iron and zinc after cooking, showing to be a promising option for the studied region.

Genetic differentiation in populations of Canada geese (Branta canadensis)

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 940-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol E. Van Wagner ◽  
Allan J. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Spanning Tree ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Branta Canadensis ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Structural Genes ◽  
Random Drift ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
Principal Coordinates Analysis ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Principal Coordinates

Electrophoretic data for 35 structural gene loci were obtained from 249 individuals in 11 populations of Branta canadensis across North America. Twenty-four loci were polymorphic in at least one population sample, average observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.031 to 0.083, Rogers' genetic distance ranged from 0.014 to 0.063, and Wright's measure of genetic structuring among populations was 0.065. Samples of B. c. minima from Willows, California, and B. c. interior from Akimiski Island, Northwest Territories, exhibited both the highest levels of genetic variability within populations and the greatest divergence from other populations. Principal coordinates analysis on the genetic distances, followed by nonmetric scaling in three dimensions and supplemented by construction of a minimum spanning tree, gave a more informative and less distorted picture of relationships among populations than cluster analysis. Differentiation in structural genes was neither equivalent to morphometric differentiation (in magnitude and pattern) nor consistent with conventional subspecies designations. This suggests that structural genes are selectively neutral in Branta canadensis and are differentiating through random drift, in contrast to morphometric characters which have diverged markedly under different selective pressures.

Genotype multiply environment interactions in progeny from a barley cross. 1. Patterns of response among progeny lines for grain yield and time to anthesis

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 619 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Jackson ◽  
DE Byth ◽  
RP Johnston ◽  
KS Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Variance Component ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Ge Interaction ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
The Relationship

Barley progeny lines (201) derived from F2 plants of the cross cv. Triumph x cv. Grimmett were evaluated at 7 environments in Queensland. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used to examine the variation in response for grain yield. The relationship between days to anthesis and these responses was investigated. The variance component for genotype x environment (GE) interaction for grain yield was of similar magnitude to that for line main effects. Groups of lines formed using cluster analysis exhibited substantial differences in ranking across environments, indicating that selection would be affected by choice of test environments. The components of grain yield, harvest index (HI), and total dry matter (TDM) had large variation for GE interaction. However, for days to anthesis, the variance component for GE interaction was small compared with that for the line main effects. There were significant differences in mean days to anthesis for groups of lines that were classified on the basis of grain yield. Early flowering was associated with high grain yield in some environments but with low grain yield in the 2 irrigated environments. The first component from principal component analysis of grain yield was only weakly related to days to anthesis. This component appeared to be related to performance in favourable environments, suggesting that an important source of variation in grain yield among the progeny lines was associated with their responsiveness to favourable conditions.

scholarly journals Impact of nano-chelated micronutrients and biological fertilizers on growth performance and grain yield of maize under deficit irrigation condition

Biologija ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Janmohammadi ◽  
Azra Navid ◽  
Asghar Ebadi Segherloo ◽  
Naser Sabaghnia
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Sustainable Crop Production ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Semi Arid

Sustainable crop production is required for the semi-arid areas, and it will be achieved by the wise use of several production inputs which must be tailored to the unique conditions of each district. Effective nutrient management and irrigation are just two parts of the  crop production puzzle. It seems that nano-fertilizers may have high potential for achieving sustainable crop production. A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of adding different fertilizers on maize (S.C 704 Hybrid) growth under various irrigation regimes in Moghan, northwest of Iran. The experiment included three irrigation levels (up to ~100, ~50, and ~25% field capacity) which were applied from the beginning of the reproductive period. During the vegetative period, all plants were fully irrigated. Fertilizer treatments included control (no-fertilizer application), N  biofertilizer, P  biofertilizer, nano-chelated  B, nano-chelated  Zn, complete nanofertilizer, and bulk NPK fertilizer. Investigation of morphophysiological traits such as leaf area, ear length, ear diameter, relative water content, and chlorophyll content revealed that application of complete micronutrients, bulk NPK, and nano-chelated Zn significantly improved these traits over the control. A similar status was recorded for grain yield and yield components. Results indicated that although irrigation up to ~25% of field capacity (FC) reduced the grain yield compared to the control, there was not observed any significant difference between normal irrigation and ~50% FC. The best plant performance was recorded for plants grown by complete nanofertilizer under optimum or ~50% FC. Deficient irrigation up to ~50% FC could be assigned as an appropriate water management strategy in semi-arid regions to minimize water losses through evaporation and achieve higher water use efficiency. In conclusion, a combination of precision deficient irrigation and application of nanofertilizers play a critical role for enhancing the efficient use of water and improving the productivity of maize production systems in Mediterranean semi-arid regions.

scholarly journals Yield Stability and Farmer Preference of Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata) Lines in Semi-Arid Eastern Kenya

Afrika Focus ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-82
Author(s):  
Rose Wangari Kuruma ◽  
Patrick Sheunda ◽  
Charles Muriuki Kahwaga
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Superior Genotypes ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Pod Length ◽  
Semi Arid

Stability in yields of agronomically acceptable cultivars is generally regarded as the ultimate goal in cowpea improvement. Nine advanced cowpea lines and 3 local checks were evaluated for grain yield in eastern Kenya with the aim of identifying stable genotypes and integrating farmer preferences. The study was conducted in 3 locations over 2 years under a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Stability was estimated using additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and genotype by environment (GGE) models. There was variation among genotypes, locations and their interactions for grain yield. Genotype G5, G9 and G2 were found to be stable and high yielding. Environments Kit16 and Kit15 were considered as the most suitable for selecting superior genotypes for adaptability and stability. Farmers’ criteria for selecting genotypes included early maturing, pod length, disease tolerant and high yielding varieties. Cowpea performance for grain yield was greatly influenced by inherent genotypic factors, environment and their interaction effects.

Rhizobium screening of Stylosanthes species for effectiveness in nitrogen fixation

1979 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Date ◽  
DO Norris
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Minimum Spanning Tree ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Strain Specificity ◽  
Principal Coordinates Analysis ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Principal Coordinates ◽  
Glasshouse Screening

The Rhizobium strain specificity and effectiveness in nitrogen fixation of 336 accessions of the genus Stylosanthes were determined in glasshouse screening trials. In preliminary screening, against a wide-spectrum strain CB756, 224 accessions were effective (> 50% dry weight of nitrogen control). Sixty-two of these were evaluated subsequently against a spectrum of 22 strains of Rhizobium selected on the basis of host and geographic origins. Thirty-three were effective with 10 or more strains. Seventy-two accessions that were ineffectively nodulated in preliminary tests were also screened against the 22 strains. Fifty-four of these were effective with one or more strains of Rhizobium. A minimum spanning tree (MST) analysis was used to examine the interrelationships between, and the distribution of, accessions according to their effectiveness response (ER) to the 22 strains of Rhizobium. Accessions were classified into six groups, also according to their effectiveness response, by the program MULTBET. Groups I–IV were nodulated effectively by a large number of strains (mean 9.4) and groups V and VI by a limited number of strains (mean 1.3). Significant and wide-ranging Stylosanthes accession x strain of Rhizobium interactions for effectiveness in nitrogen fixation were observed, particularly in S. guianensis and S. hamata. Various reclassifications were made by MULTBET on a reduced number of strains which were selected on the basis of discriminatory powers between groups (eident values), contribution to the classification (Cramér measures) and intuitively on the basis of level of effectiveness specificity and soil pH adaption. Classifications based on Cramér measures gave least (9%) non-conforming accessions, but intuitively selected strains the widest range of effective associations. The majority of non-conforming accessions were found in effectiveness response groups ER-III and ER-IV and were mostly S. guianensis from M–A groups 2 and 14 andS. hamata M–A 28. For future screening programs strains CB 82, CB 159, CB 530, CB 756, CB 1408 and CB 2126 will be used as diagnostic strains for classification of accessions by effectiveness response, and strains CB 82, CB 1650 and CB 2126 as 'key strains' for provision of inocula for experimental purposes.Classification of strains of Rhizobium into six groups was obtained by a MULTCLAS analysis of the data matrix. A principal coordinates analysis suggested distinct clustering of strains on the basis of host specificity for effective nodulation. These corresponded very closely to the six classificatory groups.

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