scholarly journals Decrease in new diagnosis of HIV/AIDS in the two years period 2019-2020: impact of COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenia Quiros-Roldan ◽  
Ilaria Izzo ◽  
Canio Carriero ◽  
Melania Degli Antoni ◽  
Samuele Storti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Linkage To Care ◽  
Pneumocystis Pneumonia ◽  
Health Priorities ◽  
Hiv Diagnosis ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Health Initiatives ◽  
New Diagnosis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Public Health Initiatives

The emergence SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019 and early 2020 has caused a pandemic of unprecedented proportions. Management of COVID-19 became emergent public health priorities, and the impact on other public health initiatives, such as expanded HIV screening and linkage to care, remain largely unknown. In this Single-Center retrospective observational study, we describe the characteristics and circumstance of the new HIV cases during 2020 compared to 2019. We observed a decrease of HIV diagnosis during this period. Interestingly, median age at HIV diagnosis decreased of one decade and percentage of female patients was higher. In addition, more patients received diagnosis during hospitalization and more AIDS-defining conditions, such as Pneumocystis pneumonia, were detected. We express our concern that HIV new diagnoses will increase as a result of people's inability to get tested or treated in this period. More efforts are needed to improve local screening programs both during and after COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Evaluating the impact of public health initiatives on trends in fecal occult blood test participation in Ontario

BMC Cancer ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gladys N Honein-AbouHaidar ◽  
Linda Rabeneck ◽  
Lawrence F Paszat ◽  
Rinku Sutradhar ◽  
Jill Tinmouth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Blood Test ◽  
Fecal Occult Blood Test ◽  
Occult Blood ◽  
Fecal Occult Blood ◽  
Occult Blood Test ◽  
Fecal Occult ◽  
Health Initiatives ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Public Health Initiatives

scholarly journals Optimisation: defining and exploring a concept to enhance the impact of public health initiatives

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Wolfenden ◽  
Katarzyna Bolsewicz ◽  
Alice Grady ◽  
Sam McCrabb ◽  
Melanie Kingsland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Implementation Strategy ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Strong Basis ◽  
Health Initiatives ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Public Health Initiatives

Abstract Background Repeated, data-driven optimisation processes have been applied in many fields to rapidly transform the performance of products, processes and interventions. While such processes may similarly be employed to enhance the impact of public health initiatives, optimisation has not been defined in the context of public health and there has been little exploration of its key concepts. Methods We used a modified, three-round Delphi study with an international group of researchers, public health policy-makers and practitioners to (1) generate a consensus-based definition of optimisation in the context of public health and (2i) describe key considerations for optimisation in that context. A pre-workshop literature review and elicitation of participant views regarding optimisation in public health (round 1) were followed by a daylong workshop and facilitated face-to-face group discussions to refine the definition and generate key considerations (round 2); finally, post-workshop discussions were undertaken to refine and finalise the findings (round 3). A thematic analysis was performed at each round. Study findings reflect an iterative consultation process with study participants. Results Thirty of 33 invited individuals (91%) participated in the study. Participants reached consensus on the following definition of optimisation in public health: “A deliberate, iterative and data-driven process to improve a health intervention and/or its implementation to meet stakeholder-defined public health impacts within resource constraints”. A range of optimisation considerations were explored. Optimisation was considered most suitable when existing public health initiatives are not sufficiently effective, meaningful improvements from an optimisation process are anticipated, quality data to assess impacts are routinely available, and there are stable and ongoing resources to support it. Participants believed optimisation could be applied to improve the impacts of an intervention, an implementation strategy or both, on outcomes valued by stakeholders or end users. While optimisation processes were thought to be facilitated by an understanding of the mechanisms of an intervention or implementation strategy, no agreement was reached regarding the best approach to inform decisions about modifications to improve impact. Conclusions The study findings provide a strong basis for future research to explore the potential impact of optimisation in the field of public health.

Supporting Gang Violence Prevention Efforts: A Public Health Approach for Nurses

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn McDaniel ◽  
Joseph Logan ◽  
Janet Schneiderman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Approach ◽  
Gang Violence ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Initiatives ◽  
Societal Problems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Public Health Initiatives ◽  
Substantial Effort

The impact of gang violence on a youth’s risk for death or injury is tremendous. Prevention of complex societal problems, such as gang violence, requires a substantial effort and commitment from many sectors and disciplines. Nurses are uniquely positioned to help lead such efforts. Understanding the public health perspective to gang violence may be an important tool for nurses attempting to prevent this problem. The public health approach has four key components: defining and monitoring the problem; identifying risk, protective, and promoting factors; developing and evaluating interventions; and dissemination. This article outlines these components, current research on gang violence, and concludes by summarizing critical challenges for nurses to consider as they contribute to public health initiatives to prevent gang violence.

Evaluation of Biomedical Infor matics Innovations and Their Impact on Public Health

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (02) ◽  
pp. 93-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. N. Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Potential Importance ◽  
Health Initiatives ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Evaluation Approaches ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Public Health Initiatives ◽  
Fundamental Informatics

SummaryThis issue of Methods of Information in Medicine contains four feature articles that are focused on the theme of evaluation. Evaluation approaches are increasingly essential in the assessment of determining the potential impact of contemporary informatics innovations. The featured articles offer practical perspectives to determining the impact of advancements. Internationally, there are significant advances being made across biomedical informatics and its related sub-disciplines. As with any scientific discipline, it is important for practitioners to be able to relate the potential importance of findings. To this end, it is especially important for biomedical informaticians to convey, in a quantifiable and comparable form, the significance of the informatics findings – not only to peers but also to those across the biomedical research spectrum. As such, the feature articles in this issue describe the evaluation of core infrastructure and fundamental informatics innovations as well as evaluation of informatics-based resources that are a core aspect of public health initiatives.

Complaint-Oriented “Services”: Shelters as Tools for Criminalizing Homelessness

2021 ◽  
Vol 693 (1) ◽  
pp. 264-283
Author(s):  
Chris Herring
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Homeless People ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Health Initiatives ◽  
Public Health Initiatives

This article argues that the expansion of shelter and welfare provisions for the homeless can lead to increased criminalization of homeless people in public spaces. First, I document how repression of people experiencing homelessness by the police in San Francisco neighborhoods increased immediately after the opening of new shelters. Second, I reveal how shelter beds are used as a privileged tool of the police to arrest, cite, and confiscate property of the unhoused, albeit in the guise of sanitary and public health initiatives. I conclude by considering how shelters increasingly function as complaint-oriented “services,” aimed at addressing the interests of residents, businesses, and politicians, rather than the needs of those unhoused.

scholarly journals Advancing precision public health using human genomics: examples from the field and future research opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan C. Roberts ◽  
Alison E. Fohner ◽  
Latrice Landry ◽  
Dana Lee Olstad ◽  
Amelia K. Smit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Behavioral Science ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Human Genomics ◽  
Precision Public Health ◽  
Genomics Research ◽  
Health Initiatives ◽  
Public Health Initiatives

AbstractPrecision public health is a relatively new field that integrates components of precision medicine, such as human genomics research, with public health concepts to help improve population health. Despite interest in advancing precision public health initiatives using human genomics research, current and future opportunities in this emerging field remain largely undescribed. To that end, we provide examples of promising opportunities and current applications of genomics research within precision public health and outline future directions within five major domains of public health: biostatistics, environmental health, epidemiology, health policy and health services, and social and behavioral science. To further extend applications of genomics within precision public health research, three key cross-cutting challenges will need to be addressed: developing policies that implement precision public health initiatives at multiple levels, improving data integration and developing more rigorous methodologies, and incorporating initiatives that address health equity. Realizing the potential to better integrate human genomics within precision public health will require transdisciplinary efforts that leverage the strengths of both precision medicine and public health.

scholarly journals From Prussia to China: Japanese Colonial Medicine and Gotō Shinpei’s Combination of Medical Police and Local Self-Administration

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Lynteris
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Colonial Medicine ◽  
Republican China ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Japanese Colonialism ◽  
Health Initiatives ◽  
Historical Investigation ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Japanese Colonial ◽  
Public Health Initiatives

Recent historical investigation into the rise of ‘biopolitical modernity’ in China has shed some surprising light. While it was long thought that British public health initiatives entered China via Hong Kong, the recent work of Ruth Rogaski, Philippe Chemouilli and others has established that it was actually early Japanese colonialism that played the crucial role. It was the Meiji Empire's hygiene reform projects in Taiwan and Manchuria that provided the model for Republican China. Curiously overlooked by medical historians has been one of the major early works of Japanese public health that directly inspired and guided this colonial medical enterprise. This was that of the Japanese health reformer and colonial officer, Gotō Shinpei (1857–1929), and it was undertaken in Munich as a doctoral thesis under the supervision of Max von Pettenkofer. In this article, I focus on the way in which Shinpei dealt in his thesis with the relations between centralisation and local self-administration as one of the key issues facing hygienic modernisation and colonial biopolitical control.

scholarly journals Neighbourhood development and public health initiatives: who participates?

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Froding ◽  
I. Elander ◽  
C. Eriksson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Initiatives ◽  
Public Health Initiatives
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