scholarly journals Lumbar Multifidus Muscle Characteristics, Body Composition, and Injury in University Rugby Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 1116-1123
Author(s):  
Jérome Lévesque ◽  
Hassan Rivaz ◽  
Amanda Rizk ◽  
Stephane Frenette ◽  
Mathieu Boily ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Percentage Change ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Limb Injury ◽  
Lumbar Multifidus ◽  
Limb Injury ◽  
Percentage Of Body Fat ◽  
Rugby Players

Context A smaller lumbar multifidus (LM) muscle was reported to be a strong predictor of lower limb injury in professional Australian Football League players. However, despite the high prevalence of low back pain (LBP) and lower limb injury in rugby players, their LM characteristics have yet to be explored. Objective To (1) examine LM characteristics in male and female university rugby players and their possible associations with LBP and lower limb injury and (2) investigate the relationship between LM characteristics and body composition in this group of athletes. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting University research center. Patients or Other Participants Thirty-four university rugby players (20 women, 14 men). Main Outcome Measure(s) Ultrasound measurements of LM cross-sectional area (CSA), thickness, and percentage change in thickness during contraction were obtained bilaterally, at the L5-S1 level, in prone and standing positions. Body composition measures were obtained using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Self-reported questionnaires were used to obtain LBP and lower limb injury history. Results Players who reported LBP in the previous 3 months showed a smaller percentage change in thickness during contraction in the standing position (F = 5.21, P = .03). The LM CSA side-to-side asymmetry (right versus left) was greater in players who reported having a lower limb injury in the previous 12 months (F = 4.98, P = .03). The LM CSA was significantly associated with body composition measurements. A greater percentage change in thickness during contraction was significantly associated with a lower percentage of body fat. The LM echo intensity was strongly associated with the total percentage of body fat and was significantly greater in women. Conclusions The influence of body composition on LM morphology in athletes cannot be ignored and warrants further investigation. Our findings also provide preliminary evidence of an association among LM morphology, LBP, and lower limb injury in university rugby players.

scholarly journals Fitness and body composition profiling of elite junior South African rugby players

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Durandt ◽  
S Du Toit ◽  
J Borresen ◽  
T Hew-Butler ◽  
H Masimla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
South African ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
The Body ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sprinting Speed ◽  
Rugby Players

Objective. The aim of this study was to describe the body composition, strength and speed characteristics of elite junior South African rugby players. Design. Cross-sectional. Setting. Field study. Subjects. Rugby players (16 and 18 years old, N = 174) selected for the South African Rugby Union National Green Squad. Outcome measures. Body composition, 10 m and 40 m speed, agility, 1RM bench press, underhand pull-ups, push-ups, multistage shuttle run. Results. The under-16 players were on average shorter (175.6 ± 5.7 v. 179.2 ± 6.7 cm), weighed less (76.5 ± 8.2 v. 84.8 ± 8.3 kg) had less upper body absolute strength (77.1 ± 11.8 kg v. 95.3 ± 16.7 kg) and muscular endurance (41 ± 12 v. 52 ± 15 push-ups) and aerobic fitness (87.1 ± 19.4 v. 93.5 ± 15.3 shuttles) than the under-18 players. There were no differences in body fat, sprinting speed (10 m and 40 m) or agility between the two age groups. There were differences between playing positions, with the props having the most body fat, strongest upper bodies, slowest sprinting speed, least agility and lowest aerobic capacity compared with players in the other positions. Conclusion. This study provides data for elite junior rugby players and can be used to monitor the progression of players after intervention while also assisting with talent identification for the different playing positions. South African Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 18 (2) 2006: pp. 38-45

scholarly journals Total Body Water (TBW) Percentage and 3rd Space Water Were Risk Factors for Recruit Injuries in Lower Limbs: A Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junjie Ouyang ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
Wanling Jiang ◽  
Bing Li ◽  
Kexing Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Lower Limb Injury ◽  
Limb Injury ◽  
Injury Group

Abstract Background: Recruit training injuries have caused serious problems for troop training and medical support. The lower limbs is the site where recruit injuries occur the most. Bio-impedance (BIA) measures body composition quickly and accurately. Our aim was to identify the risk factors for lower limbs training injuries to recruits due to body composition.Methods: A total of 282 recruits were included. Before training, use BodyStat QuadScan 4000 multifrequency BIA system to measure the body composition of recruits. After training, they were divided into two groups according to the occurrence of lower limb training injuries. The basic characteristics of the two recruits were compared by Wilcoxon rank sum test. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves was performed on the indicators with statistical difference between the two groups to find the cutoff point. Finally, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to find the risk factors of lower limb training injuries.Results: Compared with the lower limb uninjured group, the lean mass percentage (P = 0.003), TBW percentage (P = 0.010), extracellular water (ECW) percentage (P = 0.023), intracellular water(ICW) percentage (P = 0.027), 3rd space water (P = 0.021) and basal metabolic rate(BMR)/total weight (P = 0.014) of the lower limb injury group was higher. On the contrary, the body fat percentage (P = 0.003) and body fat mass index (BFMI) (P = 0.005) of the lower limb injury group was lower. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that TBW percentage > 65.350% (P = 0.050, OR=2.085) and 3rd space water >0.950 (P = 0.045, OR=2.342) were independent risk factors for lower limb injuries.Conclusions: TBW percentage> 65.35% and 3rd space water >0.950 were independent risk of lower limb training injuries. These recruits need to be paid more attention during training.

Relationships Between Lateral Limb Bias, Turnout, and Lower Limb Injury in a Female Pre‑Professional Ballet Dancer Population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise McMahon ◽  
Rod Pope ◽  
Kate Freire
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Limb Injury ◽  
Limb Injury ◽  
Classical Ballet ◽  
The Right ◽  
Leg Dominance

Dancers are known to have specific limb preferences when they dance and commonly experience lower limb injury, especially early in their training. The primary aim of this study was to determine and examine the relationships between lateral limb bias, perceived turnout profile, and lower limb injury history in female pre-professional ballet dancers using current definitions of lateral bias, leg dominance, and the concept of “working” and “supporting” legs in dance. A cross-sectional survey design with retrospective recall of 12-month injury history was employed. An online questionnaire was distributed to female dancers between the ages of 16 and 21 years who were training in classical ballet at the pre-professional level in Australia. The questionnaire gathered information regarding laterality, perceived turnout asymmetry, and self-reported 12-month injury profile. Descriptive and correlation analyses were employed to describe dancer profiles and determine relationships between the three variables. Thirty-two dancers participated. The majority of participants (67%) had right-side dominance and most indicated the right leg as their preferred supporting leg (86.7%) and working leg (60%). A total of 17 participants (53.1%) reported at least one injury in the preceding 12-month period and the side injured was significantly correlated with leg dominance (rS = 0.595, p = 0.012), with the majority of injuries also affecting the preferred supporting and working leg. Dancer perceptions regarding turnout range were correlated with their perceptions of leg dominance (rS = 0.556, p = 0.001), but no statistically significant associations were found between perceptions of turnout range and injury side. In pre-professional dancers, the dominant and the preferred supporting or working leg tend to be the same leg, and the results suggest that the dominant and preferred supporting and working leg of dancers are at greatest risk of injury.

scholarly journals Fitness and body composition profiling of elite junior South African rugby players

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Durandt ◽  
S Du Toit ◽  
J Borresen ◽  
T Hew-Butler ◽  
H Masimla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
South African ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
The Body ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sprinting Speed ◽  
Rugby Players

Objective. The aim of this study was to describe the body composition, strength and speed characteristics of elite junior South African rugby players. Design. Cross-sectional. Setting. Field study. Subjects. Rugby players (16 and 18 years old, N = 174) selected for the South African Rugby Union National Green Squad. Outcome measures. Body composition, 10 m and 40 m speed, agility, 1RM bench press, underhand pull-ups, push-ups, multistage shuttle run. Results. The under-16 players were on average shorter (175.6 ± 5.7 v. 179.2 ± 6.7 cm), weighed less (76.5 ± 8.2 v. 84.8 ± 8.3 kg) had less upper body absolute strength (77.1 ± 11.8 kg v. 95.3 ± 16.7 kg) and muscular endurance (41 ± 12 v. 52 ± 15 push-ups) and aerobic fitness (87.1 ± 19.4 v. 93.5 ± 15.3 shuttles) than the under-18 players. There were no differences in body fat, sprinting speed (10 m and 40 m) or agility between the two age groups. There were differences between playing positions, with the props having the most body fat, strongest upper bodies, slowest sprinting speed, least agility and lowest aerobic capacity compared with players in the other positions. Conclusion. This study provides data for elite junior rugby players and can be used to monitor the progression of players after intervention while also assisting with talent identification for the different playing positions. South African Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 18 (2) 2006: pp. 38-45

scholarly journals Body Composition in Elite Soccer Players from Youth to Senior Squad

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4982
Author(s):  
Marijan Spehnjak ◽  
Marko Gušić ◽  
Slavko Molnar ◽  
Mario Baić ◽  
Slobodan Andrašić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Percentage Of Body Fat

There is a strong relationship between body composition and performance in male soccer players. This study aimed to display an optimal body height and weight, and body composition profile of male soccer players for four competitive age groups. This cross-sectional study included four groups: U-15 (n = 152), U-17 (n = 154), U-19 (n = 61), and seniors (n = 27). Body height and weight were measured under standard conditions, and the bioelectrical impedance analyzer (BIA) analyzed body composition. On average, soccer players in the U-15 group had significantly lower body height, weight, body mass index, skeletal muscle mass, fat-free mass, total body water and basal metabolic rate than U-17, U-19 and seniors, but a higher percentage of body fat than U-17 and U-19, p < 0.05. In addition, the results show significant non-linear increases in body height, weight and body composition as the age of soccer players increases, with the exception of the percentage of body fat mass, which tends to significantly decrease with age. The main findings of this study are that body fat mass remains stable and similar across all age groups, including in the senior squad.

scholarly journals Leptin, body composition, and indices of malnutrition in patients on dialysis.

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1080-1084
Author(s):  
K L Johansen ◽  
K Mulligan ◽  
V Tai ◽  
M Schambelan
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Percentage Of Body Fat ◽  
The Relationship

A cross-sectional study was performed in a group of dialysis patients and control subjects to identify the determinants of serum levels of leptin, the protein product of the obese (ob) gene. Twenty-eight patients on dialysis (19 patients on hemodialysis [HD] and nine patients on peritoneal dialysis [PD]) and 41 healthy control subjects were studied. For each subject, blood was drawn for measurement of serum leptin levels and body composition was analyzed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Regression analyses were performed to determine the predictors of leptin levels, the independent contribution of HD and PD, and the relationship between leptin levels and markers of malnutrition and protein intake in the patients on dialysis. As expected, percentage of body fat was strongly correlated with leptin levels in the group as a whole and in each subgroup when analyzed separately. However, the slope of the relationship was significantly greater for dialysis patients than for control subjects (P < 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed that patients on HD and PD had higher leptin levels than control subjects even after adjustment for age, gender, and percentage of body fat. Univariate analyses were performed to assess the relationship between leptin levels and markers of nutritional status such as albumin, blood urea nitrogen, protein catabolic rate (PCR), transferrin, cholesterol, and lean body mass per height. There was a significant negative correlation between leptin levels and serum albumin (r = -0.598, P < 0.001) and between leptin and PCR (r = -0.433, P < 0.05) in the patients on dialysis. It is concluded that leptin levels adjusted for percentage of body fat are increased in dialysis patients compared with control subjects, particularly in those on PD. In addition, increased leptin levels are associated with low serum albumin levels and PCR in dialysis patients.

Foot core strengthening: relevance in injury prevention and rehabilitation for runners

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Plantar Fascia ◽  
Core Stability ◽  
Tibialis Posterior ◽  
Lower Limb Injury ◽  
Limb Injury ◽  
Plantar Fasciopathy ◽  
Intrinsic Foot Muscles

The human foot is a flexible structure characterized by a pronounced medial longitudinal arch (MLA) that compresses and recoils during running. That process is actively driven by the intrinsic foot muscles and requires a proper stability of the MLA. This introduces the concept of foot core stability. Because the intrinsic foot muscles are often neglected by clinicians and researchers, the purpose of this article is to provide some guidelines for incorporating foot core training in prevention or rehabilitation programmes for runners. The intrinsic foot muscles play a key role in postural control and maintain balance during single leg stance by controlling the height of the MLA and the foot pronation. During running, these muscles lengthen eccentrically during the absorption phase and subsequently shorten as the arch recoils during the propulsive phase, functioning in parallel to the plantar fascia. As a consequence, the dysfunction or weakness of the MLA active support may lead to injuries (e.g. plantar fasciopathy, Achilles or Tibialis posterior tendinopathy, metatarsalgia or medial tibial stress syndrome), due to numerous biomechanical cascades and mechanisms. In order to counteract or prevent these impairments, there are two ways for enhancing the foot core stability. Firstly in terms of volitional control of the intrinsic foot muscles, the “short foot exercise” must be practiced. Secondly strengthening sessions using neuromuscular electrical stimulation of these muscles seem to be a promising strategy in order to support the MLA and control the pronation during running. Practically, the foot core strengthening protocol may beneficiate not only the runners affected by excessive pronation related injuries but also those who sustained a long term lower limb injury and may be affected by a detraining process. In addition we warmly recommend integrating this protocol in any lower limb injury prevention programme or strength and conditioning plan for runners.

scholarly journals Hydration status, body composition, and anxiety status in aeronautical military personnel from Spain: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Carretero-Krug ◽  
Natalia Úbeda ◽  
Carlos Velasco ◽  
Juan Medina-Font ◽  
Trinidad Trujillo Laguna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Percentage Of Body Fat ◽  
Urine Color ◽  
Total Water Intake

Abstract Background An adequate hydration status is critical to ensure efficiency during mental and physical activities. Our goal was to assess the hydration status of a Spanish group of aeronautical military men and to determine the association of hydration status with body composition and anxiety. Methods A total of 188 men were evaluated through a validated hydration questionnaire, anthropometric and biochemical parameters, and an anxiety questionnaire. Based on these methods, the criteria of hydration were established. Results Of the total sample, 81% met the hydration criteria (urine color = well hydrated, water balance ≥ 0 ml, and total water intake/weight ≥ 35 ml/kg), and 19% did not meet the hydration criteria (urine color = not sufficiently hydrated or dehydrated, water balance < 0 ml, and total water intake/weight < 35 ml/kg). Subjects not meeting the hydration criteria had lower urine pH, negative water balance, and lower water intake. The latter also had higher anxiety status (score = 4 vs. 3, P = 0.026), weight [(84.7 ± 10.5) vs. (80.5 ± 10.2) kg], body mass index [(26.3 ± 3.1) vs. (25.2 ± 2.8)]kg/m2, body fat [(22.3 ± 5.6) vs. (18.3 ± 6.5)] %, urine specific gravity, and urine color. Using a logistic binary regression model, hydration status was related significantly with the percentage of body fat (P = 0.004), but no relation was found with age, comorbidities, or medications. Furthermore, total water intake/weight was positively correlated with percentage of body water (r = 0.357, P = 0.000) and negatively with body fat (kg) (r = − 0.427, P = 0.000), percentage of body fat (r = − 0.405, P = 0.000), and waist/hip ratio (r = − 0.223, P = 0.002). Based on a linear regression model, total water intake/weight was related significantly with percentage of body fat (P = 0.001) and percentage of body water content (P = 0.035). No relation was found, however, with waist/hip ratio, age, comorbidities, or medications. Conclusions These findings all suggest a relationship between hydration status and body composition but also set the bases for future studies that relate hydration status and anxiety status. These results can be used to improve the hydration status and body composition of military personnel.

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