scholarly journals Structure, Sex, and Strength and Knee and Hip Kinematics During Landing

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 376-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer S. Howard ◽  
Melisa A. Fazio ◽  
Carl G. Mattacola ◽  
Timothy L. Uhl ◽  
Cale A. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Medial Knee ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
Knee Abduction ◽  
Hip Rotation

Context: Researchers have observed that medial knee collapse is a mechanism of knee injury. Lower extremity alignment, sex, and strength have been cited as contributing to landing mechanics. Objective: To determine the relationship among measurements of asymmetry of unilateral hip rotation (AUHR); mobility of the foot, which we described as relative arch deformity (RAD); hip abduction–external rotation strength; sex; and me-dial collapse of the knee during a single-leg jump landing. We hypothesized that AUHR and RAD would be positively correlated with movements often associated with medial collapse of the knee, including hip adduction and internal rotation excursions and knee abduction and rotation excursions. Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Setting: Research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Thirty women and 15 men (age = 21 ± 2 years, height = 171.7 ± 9.5 cm, mass = 68.4 ± 9.5 kg) who had no history of surgery or recent injury and who participated in regular physical activity volunteered. Intervention(s): Participants performed 3 double-leg forward jumps with a single-leg landing. Three-dimensional kinematic data were sampled at 100 Hz using an electromagnetic tracking system. We evaluated AUHR and RAD on the preferred leg and evaluated isometric peak hip abductor–external rotation torque. We assessed AUHR by calculating the difference between internal and external hip rotation in the prone position (AUHR = internal rotation – external rotation). We evaluated RAD using the Arch Height Index Measurement System. Correlations and linear regression analyses were used to assess relationships among AUHR, RAD, sex, peak hip abduction–external rotation torque, and kinematic variables for 3-dimensional motion of the hip and knee. Main Outcome Measure(s): The dependent variables were joint angles at contact and joint excursions between contact and peak knee flexion. Results: We found that AUHR was correlated with hip adduction excursion (R = 0.36, P = .02). Asymmetry of unilateral hip rotation, sex, and peak hip abduction–external rotation torque were predictive of knee abduction excursion (adjusted R2 = 0.47, P < .001). Asymmetry of unilateral hip rotation and sex were predictive of knee external rotation excursion (adjusted R2 = 0.23, P = .001). The RAD was correlated with hip adduction at contact (R2 = 0.10, R = 0.32, P = .04) and knee flexion excursion (R2 = 0.11, R = −0.34, P = .03). Conclusions: Asymmetry of unilateral hip rotation, sex, and hip strength were associated with kinematic components of medial knee collapse.

scholarly journals Differential Effects of Hip Rotation Range on Knee Abduction Biomechanics during Double-Legged Landing between Males and Females

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 34-47
Author(s):  
Tadashi Yasuda ◽  
Keiichi Oyanagi ◽  
Miyu Nakagaki ◽  
Hiromitsu Itoh
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Muscle Mechanics ◽  
Abduction Angle ◽  
Drop Landing ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
Knee Abduction ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Hip Rotation

OBJECTIVES Dynamic knee valgus is composed of hip-knee coupling. While females differ from males in passive hip motion, hip rotation range may alter muscle mechanics and neuromuscular activity. This study aimed to compare knee abduction biomechanics during double-legged drop-landing between males and females with different hip rotation ranges.METHODS This study included five females with the range of hip internal rotation (IR) > the range of hip external rotation (ER), five females with ER>IR, four males with IR>ER, and five males with ER>IR. There was no difference in other hip motions among them or no difference in hip muscle strength between the same sex groups. Three-dimensional motion analyses of the hip and knee joints were performed during double-legged drop-landing.RESULTS Multiple regression analysis of females with IR>ER showed that peak knee abduction moment (KAM) was associated with maximal hip abduction moment before detecting peak KAM whereas peak knee abduction angle (KAA) correlated with no variable. In females with ER>IR, peak KAM was associated with maximal hip ER moment before detecting peak KAM, hip ER muscle strength and hip adduction range while peak KAA correlated with peak hip abduction moment before detecting peak KAM. In males with IR>ER, peak KAM was associated with hip ER range and hip adductor strength whereas peak KAA correlated with maximal hip ER moment and maximal hip IR angle during landing. In males with ER>IR, peak KAM was associated with hip extensor strength, hip abduction range and hip flexion range whereas peak KAA correlated with hip ER moment before detecting peak KAM, hip ER muscle strength, and hip adduction range.CONCLUSIONS Hip rotation range may differentially affect hip-knee coupling strategy for knee abduction control during double-legged drop-landing between males and females.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF STATIC ANATOMIC ALIGNMENT ON DYNAMIC LIMB VALGUS DURING SIDE-STEP CUTTING IN UNINJURED ADOLESCENT ATHLETES

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2325967119S0002
Author(s):  
Nicole Mueske ◽  
Daniel T. Feifer ◽  
Curtis VandenBerg ◽  
J. Lee Pace ◽  
Mia J. Katzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Adolescent Athletes ◽  
Knee Abduction ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Hip Internal Rotation ◽  
Hip Rotation

BACKGROUND Dynamic limb valgus, combining hip adduction and internal rotation with knee abduction posture and moments, has been implicated in ACL injury. However, the contribution of static lower extremity alignment to dynamic limb valgus is unknown. This study assessed the relationships among lower extremity static alignment and dynamic kinematics and kinetics during side-step cutting in uninjured adolescent athletes. METHODS This prospective study included 88 limbs from 44 uninjured athletes aged 8-15 years (mean 12.3, SD 2.3; 19 (44%) female) who were evaluated during an anticipated 45° side-step cut. 3D lower extremity kinematics and kinetics from a custom 6 degree of freedom model were assessed while standing and during the loading phase of the cut from initial contact to peak knee flexion; 2-3 trials per limb were averaged for analysis. Femoral anteversion was measured for each limb with the participant lying prone. Relationships among static and dynamic measures were investigated using correlation and multiple linear regression. RESULTS In terms of static alignment, more static hip internal rotation and more static knee external rotation (tibia external relative to femur) were associated with more internal hip rotation and external knee rotation dynamically during cutting (r=0.34, p=0.001) (Table 1). Static hip adduction was also related to more external hip rotation and less hip flexion dynamically (p=0.24, p=0.02). More static knee abduction, external hip rotation and hip adduction were associated with higher average knee abduction angles during cutting (r=0.25, p=0.02). However, only static external knee rotation was associated with higher dynamic knee abduction moments (r=0.48, p<0.0001) (Figure 1). During cutting, positive associations were observed between hip flexion, knee flexion, and hip internal rotation (r=0.24, p=0.03). Knee adduction angles were related to more hip flexion, internal hip rotation, and knee external rotation (r=0.25, p=0.02). Additionally, lower peak knee flexion was associated with higher peak ground reaction force and more external knee rotation (r=0.24, p=0.02). Both simple correlation and multiple regression analysis indicated that higher knee abduction moments were related dynamically to higher knee abduction angles, greater knee external rotation, higher hip abduction angles, and greater hip internal rotation (R2=0.72, p<0.001). After considering dynamic metrics, no static measure remained significantly related to knee abduction moments. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE Static knee rotation was the only anatomic alignment measure associated with knee abduction moments during side-step cutting in uninjured adolescent athletes. Knee abduction moments were influenced more by dynamic posture than static alignment. As knee abduction moments have been implicated in ACL injury, this study supports the notion of dynamic limb valgus, specifically increased knee abduction and hip internal rotation, relating to ACL injury. Motion analysis can be used to identify these risky biomechanical patterns, and neuromuscular training can be used to correct them. Since knee abduction moments are primarily determined by dynamic posture, neuromuscular training can be used to reduce these moments and ACL injury risk. [Figure: see text][Table: see text]

The Influence of Hip Structure on Functional Valgus Collapse During a Single-Leg Forward Landing in Females

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 370-376
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Hogg ◽  
Randy J. Schmitz ◽  
Sandra J. Shultz
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Femoral Anteversion ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Hip Range Of Motion ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Knee Abduction ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Hip Internal Rotation

Clinical femoral anteversion (Craig test) and hip range of motion (ROM) have been associated with valgus collapse, but their clinical usefulness in predicting biomechanics is unknown. Our purpose was to determine the individual and combined predictive power of femoral anteversion and passive hip ROM on 3-dimensional valgus collapse (hip internal rotation and adduction, knee rotation, and abduction) during a single-leg forward landing in females. Femoral anteversion and passive hip ROM were measured on 20 females (24.9 [4.1] y, 168.7 [8.0] cm, 63.8 [11.6] kg). Three-dimensional kinematics and kinetics were collected over 5 trials of the task. Each variable was averaged across trials. Backward, stepwise regressions determined the extent to which our independent variables were associated with valgus collapse. The combination of greater hip internal and external rotation ROM (partial r = .52 and .56) predicted greater peak knee internal rotation moment (R2 = .38, P = .02). Less hip internal rotation ROM (partial r = −.44) predicted greater peak knee abduction moments (R2 = .20, P = .05). Greater total hip ROM (internal and external rotation ROM) was not consistently associated with combined motions of valgus collapse but was indicative of isolated knee moments. Passive hip ROM is more associated with knee moments than is femoral anteversion as measured with Craig test.

scholarly journals Validity and reliability of smartphone applications for measurement of hip rotation, compared with three‐dimensional motion analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phob Ganokroj ◽  
Nuchanun Sompornpanich ◽  
Pichitpol Kerdsomnuek ◽  
Bavornrat Vanadurongwan ◽  
Pisit Lertwanich
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Motion Analysis ◽  
Supine Position ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Smartphone Applications ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Hip Rotation

Abstract Background Measurement of hip rotation is a crucial clinical parameter for the identification of hip problems and the monitoring of symptoms. The objective of this study was to determine whether the use of two smartphone applications is valid and reliable for the measurement of hip rotation. Methods An experimental, cross-sectional study was undertaken to assess passive hip internal and external rotation in three positions by two examiners. The hip rotational angles were measured by a smartphone clinometer application in the sitting and prone positions, and by a smartphone compass application in the supine position; their results were compared with those of the standard, three-dimensional, motion analysis system. The validities and inter-rater and intra-rater reliabilities of the smartphone applications were evaluated. Results The study involved 24 participants. The validities were good to excellent for the internal rotation angles in all positions (ICC 0.81–0.94), good for the external rotation angles in the prone position (ICC 0.79), and fair for the sitting and supine positions (ICC 0.70–0.73). The measurement of the hip internal rotation in the supine position had the highest ICC value of 0.94 (0.91, 0.96). The two smartphone applications showed good-to-excellent intra-rater reliability, but good-to-excellent inter-rater reliability for only three of the six positions (two other positions had fair reliability, while one position demonstrated poor reliability). Conclusions The two smartphone applications have good-to-excellent validity and intra-rater reliability, but only fair-to-good inter-rater reliability for the measurement of the hip rotational angle. The most valid hip rotational position in this study was the supine IR angle measurement, while the lowest validity was the ER angle measurement in the sitting position. The smartphone application is one of the practical measurements in hip rotational angles. Trial registration Number 20181022003 at the Thai Clinical Trials Registry (http://www.clinicaltrials.in.th) which was retrospectively registered at 2018-10-18 15:30:29.

Kinematic Differences Between Those With and Without Medial Knee Displacement During a Single-leg Squat

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 707-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy C. Mauntel ◽  
Barnett S. Frank ◽  
Rebecca L. Begalle ◽  
J. Troy Blackburn ◽  
Darin A. Padua
Keyword(s):  
Motion Tracking ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Knee Valgus ◽  
Medial Knee ◽  
Lower Extremity Injuries ◽  
Valgus Angle ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Single Leg Squat

A greater knee valgus angle is a risk factor for lower extremity injuries. Visually observed medial knee displacement is used as a proxy for knee valgus motion during movement assessments in an attempt to identify individuals at heightened risk for injury. The validity of medial knee displacement as an indicator of valgus motion has yet to be determined during a single-leg squat. This study compared three-dimensional knee and hip angles between participants who displayed medial knee displacement (MKD group) during a single-leg squat and those who did not (control group). Participants completed five single-leg squats. An electromagnetic motion tracking system was used to quantify peak knee and hip joint angles during the descent phase of each squat. MANOVA identified a difference between the MKD and control group kinematics. ANOVA post hoc testing revealed greater knee valgus angle in the MKD (12.86 ± 5.76) compared with the control (6.08 ± 5.23) group. There were no other differences between groups. Medial knee displacement is indicative of knee valgus motion; however, it is not indicative of greater knee or hip rotation, or hip adduction. These data indicate that clinicians can accurately identify individuals with greater knee valgus angle through visually observed medial knee displacement.

Gluteus Medius Activity during 3 Variations of Isometric Single-Leg Stance

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer E. Earl
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Type Design ◽  
Strengthening Exercises ◽  
Single Leg Stance ◽  
Hip Abduction ◽  
Extremity Motion ◽  
Hip Rotation

Context:Gluteus medius (GM) contraction during single-leg stance prevents the contralateral pelvis from “dropping,” providing stability for lower extremity motion.Objective:To determine which combination of hip rotation and abduction exercise results in the greatest activity of the GM and whether the GM responds to increased loads in these exercises.Design and Setting:Repeated measures, laboratory.Subjects:20 healthy volunteers.Interventions:Resistance (2.26 and 4.53 kg) was provided to 3 variations of a single-leg-stance exercise: hip abduction only, abduction-internal rotation (ABD-IR), and abduction-external rotation.Measurements:Muscle activity was recorded from the anterior and middle portions of the GM using surface electromyography.Results:ABD-IR produced the most activity in the anterior and middle sections of the GM muscle. The 4.53-kg load produced significantly more activity than the 2.26-kg load (P< .05).Conclusions:The GM is most active when performing abduction and internal rotation of the hip. This information could be used to develop GM-strengthening exercises.

Medial Knee Injury: Part 1, Static Function of the Individual Components of the Main Medial Knee Structures

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 1762-1770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad J. Griffith ◽  
Robert F. LaPrade ◽  
Steinar Johansen ◽  
Bryan Armitage ◽  
Coen Wijdicks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medial Collateral Ligament ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Knee Injuries ◽  
Collateral Ligament ◽  
Medial Knee ◽  
Superficial Medial Collateral Ligament ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Dial Test

Background There is a lack of knowledge on the primary and secondary static stabilizing functions of the posterior oblique ligament (POL), the proximal and distal divisions of the superficial medial collateral ligament (sMCL), and the meniscofemoral and meniscotibial portions of the deep medial collateral ligament (MCL). Hypothesis Identification of the primary and secondary stabilizing functions of the individual components of the main medial knee structures will provide increased knowledge of the medial knee ligamentous stability. Study Design Descriptive laboratory study. Methods Twenty-four cadaveric knees were equally divided into 3 groups with unique sequential sectioning sequences of the POL, sMCL (proximal and distal divisions), and deep MCL (meniscofemoral and meniscotibial portions). A 6 degree of freedom electromagnetic tracking system monitored motion after application of valgus loads (10 N·m) and internal and external rotation torques (5 N·m) at 0°, 20°, 30°, 60°, and 90° of knee flexion. Results The primary valgus stabilizer was the proximal division of the sMCL. The primary external rotation stabilizer was the distal division of the sMCL at 30° of knee flexion. The primary internal rotation stabilizers were the POL and the distal division of the sMCL at all tested knee flexion angles, the meniscofemoral portion of the deep MCL at 20°, 60°, and 90° of knee flexion, and the meniscotibial portion of the deep MCL at 0° and 30° of knee flexion. Conclusion An intricate relationship exists among the main medial knee structures and their individual components for static function to applied loads. Clinical Significance: Interpretation of clinical knee motion testing following medial knee injuries will improve with the information in this study. Significant increases in external rotation at 30° of knee flexion were found with all medial knee structures sectioned, which indicates that a positive dial test may be found not only for posterolateral knee injuries but also for medial knee injuries.

scholarly journals Sex and Limb Differences in Lower Extremity Alignment and Kinematics during Drop Vertical Jumps

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3748
Author(s):  
Youngmin Chun ◽  
Joshua P. Bailey ◽  
Jinah Kim ◽  
Sung-Cheol Lee ◽  
Sae Yong Lee
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Knee Abduction ◽  
Drop Vertical Jump

Sex and limb differences in lower extremity alignments (LEAs) and dynamic lower extremity kinematics (LEKs) during a drop vertical jump were investigated in participants of Korean ethnicity. One hundred healthy males and females participated in a drop vertical jump, and LEAs and LEKs were determined in dominant and non-dominant limbs. A 2-by-2 mixed model MANOVA was performed to compare LEAs and joint kinematics between sexes and limbs (dominant vs. non-dominant). Compared with males, females possessed a significantly greater pelvic tilt, femoral anteversion, Q-angle, and reduced tibial torsion. Females landed on the ground with significantly increased knee extension and ankle plantarflexion with reduced hip abduction and knee adduction, relatively decreased peak hip adduction, knee internal rotation, and increased knee abduction and ankle eversion. The non-dominant limb showed significantly increased hip flexion, abduction, and external rotation; knee flexion and internal rotation; and ankle inversion at initial contact. Further, the non-dominant limb showed increased peak hip and knee flexion, relatively reduced peak hip adduction, and increased knee abduction and internal rotation. It could be suggested that LEAs and LEKs observed in females and non-dominant limbs might contribute to a greater risk of anterior cruciate ligament injuries.

scholarly journals Validity and Reliability of Smartphone Applications for Measurement of Hip Rotation, Compared With Three-dimensional Motion Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phob Ganokroj ◽  
Nuchanun Sompornpanich ◽  
Pichitpol Kerdsomnuek ◽  
Bavornrat Vanadurongwan ◽  
Pisit Lertwanich
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Motion Analysis ◽  
Supine Position ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Smartphone Applications ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Rotational Angle ◽  
Hip Rotation

Abstract BackgroundMeasurement of hip rotation is a crucial clinical parameter for the identification of hip problems and the monitoring of symptoms. The objective of this study was to determine whether the use of two smartphone applications is valid and reliable for the measurement of hip rotation.MethodsAn experimental, cross-sectional study was undertaken to assess passive hip internal and external rotation in three positions by two examiners. The hip rotational angles were measured by a smartphone clinometer application in the sitting and prone positions, and by a smartphone compass application in the supine position; their results were compared with those of the standard, three-dimensional, motion analysis system. The validities and inter-rater and intra-rater reliabilities of the smartphone applications were evaluated.ResultsThe study involved 24 participants. The validities were good to excellent for the internal rotation angles in all positions (ICC 0.81–0.94), good for the external rotation angles in the prone position (ICC 0.79), and fair for the sitting and supine positions (ICC 0.70–0.73). The measurement of the hip internal rotation in the supine position had the highest ICC value of 0.94 (0.91, 0.96). The two smartphone applications showed good-to-excellent intra-rater reliability, but good-to-excellent inter-rater reliability for only three of the six positions (two other positions had fair reliability, while one position demonstrated poor reliability).ConclusionsThe two smartphone applications have good-to-excellent validity and intra-rater reliability, but only fair-to-good inter-rater reliability for the measurement of the hip rotational angle.Trial registration: Number20181022003 at the Thai Clinical Trials Registry (http://www.clinicaltrials.in.th) which was retrospectively registered at 2018-10-18 15:30:29.http://www.clinicaltrials.in.th/index.php?tp=utf8&task=regtrial&id=4100&menu=regtrial&smenu=trialmodify&ts=20200711091413

scholarly journals Validity and reliability of smartphone applications for measurement of hip rotation, compared with three-dimensional motion analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phob Ganokroj ◽  
Nuchanun Sompornpanich ◽  
Pichitpol Kerdsomnuek ◽  
Bavornrat Vanadurongwan ◽  
Pisit Lertwanich
Keyword(s):  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Motion Analysis ◽  
Supine Position ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Smartphone Applications ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Rotational Angle ◽  
Hip Rotation

Abstract Background Measurement of hip rotation is a crucial clinical parameter for the identification of hip problems and the monitoring of symptoms. The objective of this study was to determine whether the use of two smartphone applications is valid and reliable for the measurement of hip rotation.Methods An experimental, cross-sectional study was undertaken to assess passive hip internal and external rotation in three positions by two examiners. The hip rotational angles were measured by a smartphone clinometer application in the sitting and prone positions, and by a smartphone compass application in the supine position; their results were compared with those of the standard, three-dimensional, motion analysis system. The validities and inter-rater and intra-rater reliabilities of the smartphone applications were evaluated.Results The study involved 24 participants. The validities were good to excellent for the internal rotation angles in all positions (ICC 0.81–0.94), good for the external rotation angles in the prone position (ICC 0.79), and fair for the sitting and supine positions (ICC 0.70–0.73). The measurement of the hip internal rotation in the supine position had the highest ICC value of 0.94 (0.91, 0.96). The two smartphone applications showed good-to-excellent intra-rater reliability, but good-to-excellent inter-rater reliability for only three of the six positions (two other positions had fair reliability, while one position demonstrated poor reliability).Conclusions The two smartphone applications have good-to-excellent validity and intra-rater reliability, but only fair-to-good inter-rater reliability for the measurement of the hip rotational angle. The most valid hip rotational position in this study was the supine IR angle measurement, while the lowest validity was the ER angle measurement in the sitting position. The smartphone application is one of the practical measurements in hip rotational angles.Trial registration: Number 20181022003 at the Thai Clinical Trials Registry (http://www. clinicaltrials.in.th) which was retrospectively registered at 2018-10-18 15:30:29. http://www.clinicaltrials.in.th/index.php?tp=utf8&task=regtrial&id=4100&menu=regtrial&smenu=trialmodify&ts=20200711091413

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