scholarly journals Video Feedback and 2-Dimensional Landing Kinematics in Elite Female Handball Players

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 993-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Benjaminse ◽  
Wytze Postma ◽  
Ina Janssen ◽  
Egbert Otten
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Video Feedback ◽  
Ligament Injury ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Video Group

Context:  In team handball, an anterior cruciate ligament injury often occurs during landing after a jump shot. Many intervention programs try to reduce the injury rate by instructing athletes to land more safely. Video is an effective way to provide feedback, but little is known about its influence on landing technique in sport-specific situations. Objective:  To test the effectiveness of a video-overlay feedback method on landing technique in elite handball players. Design:  Controlled laboratory study. Setting:  Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants:  A total of 16 elite female handball players assigned to a control group (n = 8; age = 17.61 ± 1.34 years, height = 1.73 ± 0.06 m, mass = 69.55 ± 4.29 kg) or video group (n = 8; age = 17.81 ± 0.86 years, height = 1.71 ± 0.03 m, mass = 64.28 ± 6.29 kg). Intervention(s):  Both groups performed jump shots in a pretest, 2 training sessions, and a posttest. The video group received video feedback of an expert model with an overlay of their own jump shots in training sessions 1 and 2, whereas the control group did not. Main Outcome Measure(s):  We measured ankle, knee, and hip angles in the sagittal plane at initial contact and peak flexion; range of motion; and Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) scores. One 2 × 4 repeated-measures analysis of variance was conducted to analyze the group, time, and interaction effects of all kinematic outcome measures and the LESS score. Results:  The video group improved knee and hip flexion at initial contact and peak flexion and range of motion. In addition, the group's average peak ankle flexion (12.0° at pretest to 21.8° at posttest) and LESS score (8.1 pretest to 4.0 posttest) improved. When we considered performance variables, no differences between groups were found in shot accuracy or vertical jump height, whereas horizontal jump distance in the video group increased over time. Conclusions:  Overlay visual feedback is an effective method for improving landing kinematics during a sport-specific jump shot. Further research is warranted to determine the long-term effects and transfer to training and game situations.

Effect of prosthetic ankle units on the gait of persons with bilateral trans-femoral amputations

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lexyne L. McNealy ◽  
Steven A. Gard
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Stance Phase ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Ankle Motion

In able-bodied individuals, the ankle joint functions to provide shock absorption, aid in foot clearance during the swing phase, and provides a rocker mechanism during stance phase to facilitate forward progression of the body. Prosthetic ankles currently used by persons with lower limb amputations provide considerably less function than their anatomical counterparts. However, increased ankle motion in the sagittal plane may improve the gait of persons with lower limb amputations while providing a more versatile prosthesis. The primary aim of this study was to examine and quantify temporal-spatial, kinematic, and kinetic changes in the gait of four male subjects with bilateral trans-femoral amputations who walked with and without prosthetic ankle units. Two prosthesis configurations were examined: (i) Baseline with only two Seattle LightFoot2 prosthetic feet, and (ii) with the addition of Endolite Multiflex Ankle units. Data from the gait analyses were compared between prosthetic configurations and with a control group of able-bodied subjects. The amputee subjects' freely-selected walking speeds, 0.74 ± 0.19 m/s for the Baseline condition and 0.81 ± 0.15 m/s with the ankle units, were much less than that of the control subjects (1.35 ± 0.10 m/s). The amputee subjects demonstrated no difference in walking speed, step length, cadence, or ankle, knee, and hip joint moments and powers between the two prosthesis configurations. Sagittal plane ankle range of motion, however, increased by 3–8° with the addition of the prosthetic ankle units. Compared to the control group, following initial contact the amputee subjects passively increased the rate of energy storage or dissipation at the prosthetic ankle joint, actively increased the power generation at the hip, and increased the extension moment at the hip while wearing the prosthetic ankle configuration. The amputee subjects increased the power generation at their hips, possibly as compensation for the reduced rate of energy return at their prosthetic ankles. Results from subject questionnaires administered following the gait analyses revealed that the prosthetic ankle units provided more comfort during gait and did not increase the perceived effort to walk. The subjects also indicated that they preferred walking with the prosthetic ankle units compared to the Baseline configuration. The results of the study showed that the prosthetic ankle units improved sagittal plane ankle range of motion and increased the comfort and functionality of the amputee subjects’ prostheses by restoring a significant portion of the ankle rocker mechanism during stance phase. Therefore, prosthetic ankle mechanisms should be considered a worthwhile option when prostheses are prescribed for persons with trans-femoral amputations.

scholarly journals Anticipatory Effects on Lower Extremity Neuromechanics During a Cutting Task

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 905-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn M. Meinerz ◽  
Philip Malloy ◽  
Christopher F. Geiser ◽  
Kristof Kipp
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Ligament Injury ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Internal Joint ◽  
External Rotator

Context  Continued research into the mechanism of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury helps to improve clinical interventions and injury-prevention strategies. A better understanding of the effects of anticipation on landing neuromechanics may benefit training interventions. Objective  To determine the effects of anticipation on lower extremity neuromechanics during a single-legged land-and-cut task. Design  Controlled laboratory study. Setting  University biomechanics laboratory. Participants  Eighteen female National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I collegiate soccer players (age = 19.7 ± 0.8 years, height = 167.3 ± 6.0 cm, mass = 66.1 ± 2.1 kg). Intervention(s)  Participants performed a single-legged land-and-cut task under anticipated and unanticipated conditions. Main Outcome Measure(s)  Three-dimensional initial contact angles, peak joint angles, and peak internal joint moments and peak vertical ground reaction forces and sagittal-plane energy absorption of the 3 lower extremity joints; muscle activation of selected hip- and knee-joint muscles. Results  Unanticipated cuts resulted in less knee flexion at initial contact and greater ankle toe-in displacement. Unanticipated cuts were also characterized by greater internal hip-abductor and external-rotator moments and smaller internal knee-extensor and external-rotator moments. Muscle-activation profiles during unanticipated cuts were associated with greater activation of the gluteus maximus during the precontact and landing phases. Conclusions  Performing a cutting task under unanticipated conditions changed lower extremity neuromechanics compared with anticipated conditions. Most of the observed changes in lower extremity neuromechanics indicated the adoption of a hip-focused strategy during the unanticipated condition.

scholarly journals Effect of a 6-Week Weighted Baseball Throwing Program on Pitch Velocity, Pitching Arm Biomechanics, Passive Range of Motion, and Injury Rates

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael M. Reinold ◽  
Leonard C. Macrina ◽  
Glenn S. Fleisig ◽  
Kyle Aune ◽  
James R. Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Shoulder External Rotation ◽  
Experimental Group

Background: Emphasis on enhancing baseball pitch velocity has become popular, especially through weighted-ball throwing. However, little is known about the physical effects or safety of these programs. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of training with weighted baseballs on pitch velocity, passive range of motion (PROM), muscle strength, elbow torque, and injury rates. Hypothesis: A 6-week weighted ball training program would result in a change in pitching biomechanical and physical characteristics. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Level of Evidence: Level 1. Methods: During the baseball offseason, 38 healthy baseball pitchers were randomized into a control group and an experimental group. Pitch velocity, shoulder and elbow PROM, shoulder strength, elbow varus torque, and shoulder internal rotation velocity were measured in both groups. The experimental group then performed a 6-week weighted ball throwing program 3 times per week using balls ranging from 2 to 32 ounces while the control group only used a 5-ounce regulation baseball. Both groups performed a strength training program. Measurements were then repeated after the 6-week period. Injuries were tracked over the 6-week training program and the subsequent baseball season. The effect of training with a weighted ball program was assessed using 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance at an a priori significance level of P < 0.05. Results: Mean age, height, mass, and pretesting throwing velocity were 15.3 ± 1.2 years (range, 13-18 years), 1.73 ± 0.28 m, 68.3 ± 11 kg, and 30.3 ± 0.7 m/s, respectively. Pitch velocity showed a statistically significant increase (3.3%) in the experimental group ( P < 0.001). There was a statistically significant increase of 4.3° of shoulder external rotation in the experimental group. The overall injury rate was 24% in the experimental group. Four participants in the experimental group suffered elbow injuries, 2 during the training program and 2 in the season after training. No pitchers in the control group were injured at any time during the study. Conclusion: Performing a 6-week weighted ball throwing program increased pitch velocity. However, the program resulted in increased shoulder external rotation PROM and increased injury rate. Clinical Relevance: Although weighted-ball training may increase pitch velocity, caution is warranted because of the notable increase in injuries and physical changes observed in this cohort.

scholarly journals Single-Leg Landings Following a Volleyball Spike May Increase the Risk of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury More Than Landing on Both-Legs

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Datao Xu ◽  
Xinyan Jiang ◽  
Xuanzhen Cen ◽  
Julien S. Baker ◽  
Yaodong Gu
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Flexion Angle ◽  
Ligament Injury ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Acl Injuries ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Volleyball players often land on a single leg following a spike shot due to a shift in the center of gravity and loss of balance. Landing on a single leg following a spike may increase the probability of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the kinematics and kinetics differences during the landing phase of volleyball players using a single leg (SL) and double-leg landing (DL) following a spike shot. The data for vertical ground reaction forces (VGRF) and sagittal plane were collected. SPM analysis revealed that SL depicted a smaller knee flexion angle (about 13.8°) and hip flexion angle (about 10.8°) during the whole landing phase, a greater knee and hip power during the 16.83–20.45% (p = 0.006) and 13.01–16.26% (p = 0.008) landing phase, a greater ankle plantarflexion angle and moment during the 0–41.07% (p < 0.001) and 2.76–79.45% (p < 0.001) landing phase, a greater VGRF during the 5.87–8.25% (p = 0.029), 19.75–24.14% (p = 0.003) landing phase when compared to DL. Most of these differences fall within the time range of ACL injury (30–50 milliseconds after landing). To reduce non-contact ACL injuries, a landing strategy of consciously increasing the hip and knee flexion, and plantarflexion of the ankle should be considered by volleyball players.

The Incidence of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries among Competitive Alpine Skiers

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 1070-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Pujol ◽  
Marie Philippe Rousseaux Blanchi ◽  
Pierre Chambat
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Ligament Injury ◽  
Ligament Injuries ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries ◽  
Alpine Skiers ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Background Little is known about the evolution of anterior cruciate ligament injury rates among elite alpine skiers. Purpose To evaluate epidemiologic aspects of anterior cruciate ligament injuries among competitive alpine skiers during the last 25 years. Study Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods Data were collected from elite French national teams (379 athletes: 188 women and 191 men) from 1980 to 2005. Results Fifty-three of the female skiers (28.2%) and 52 of the male skiers (27.2%) sustained at least 1 anterior cruciate ligament injury. The overall anterior cruciate ligament injury incidence was 8.5 per 100 skier-seasons. The primary anterior cruciate ligament injury rate was 5.7 per 100 skier-seasons. The prevalence of reinjury (same knee) was 19%. The prevalence of a bilateral injury (injury of the other knee) was 30.5%. At least 1 additional anterior cruciate ligament surgery (mean, 2.4 procedures) was required for 39% of the injured athletes. Men and women were similar with regard to primary anterior cruciate ligament injury rate (P = .21), career remaining after the injury (P = .44), and skiing specialty (P = .5). There were more anterior cruciate ligament injuries (primary, bilateral, reinjuries) among athletes ranking in the world Top 30 (P < .001). Anterior cruciate ligament-injured athletes had a career length of 7.5 years, whereas athletes with no anterior cruciate ligament injury had a career of 4.5 years (P < .001). Finally, injury rates remained constant over time. Conclusion Anterior cruciate ligament injury rates (primary injury, bilateral injury, reinjury) among national competitive alpine skiers are high and have not declined in the last 25 years. Finding a way to prevent anterior cruciate ligament injury in this population is a very important goal.

Lower Extremity Joint Moments of Collegiate Soccer Players Differ between Genders during a Forward Jump

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Hart ◽  
J. Craig Garrison ◽  
Riann Palmieri-Smith ◽  
D. Casey Kerrigan ◽  
Christopher D. Ingersoll
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Ligament Injury ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Joint Angles ◽  
Joint Moments ◽  
Heel Contact ◽  
Hip Internal Rotation

Context:Lower extremity kinetics while performing a single-leg forward jump landing may help explain gender biased risk for noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury.Objective:Gender comparison of lower extremity joint angles and moments.Design:Static groups comparison.Setting:Motion analysis laboratory.Patients or Other Participants:8 male and 8 female varsity, collegiate soccer athletes.Intervention:5 single-leg landings from a 100cm forward jump.Main Outcome Measures:Peak and initial contact external joint moments and joint angles of the ankle, knee, and hip.Results:At initial heel contact, males exhibited a adduction moment whereas females exhibited a abduction moment at the hip. Females also had significantly less peak hip extension moment and significantly less peak hip internal rotation moment than males had. Females exhibited greater knee adduction and hip internal rotation angles than men did.Conclusions:When decelerating from a forward jump, gender differences exist in forces acting at the hip.

scholarly journals Passive Hip Range-of-Motion Values Across Sex and Sport

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 560-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Hogg ◽  
Randy J. Schmitz ◽  
Anh-Dung Nguyen ◽  
Sandra J. Shultz
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Knee Valgus ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hip Range Of Motion ◽  
Cross Country

Context:  Greater passive hip range of motion (ROM) has been associated with greater dynamic knee valgus and thus the potential for increased risk of anterior cruciate ligament injuries. Normative data for passive hip ROM by sex are lacking. Objective:  To establish and compare passive hip ROM values by sex and sport and to quantify side-to-side differences in internal-rotation ROM (ROMIR), external-rotation ROM (ROMER), and total ROM (ROMTOT). Design:  Cross-sectional study. Setting:  Station-based, preparticipation screening. Patients or Other Participants:  A total of 339 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I athletes, consisting of 168 women (age = 19.2 ± 1.2 years, height = 169.0 ± 7.2 cm, mass = 65.3 ± 10.2 kg) and 171 men (age = 19.4 ± 1.3 years, height = 200.0 ± 8.6 cm, mass = 78.4 ± 12.0 kg) in 6 sports screened over 3 years: soccer (58 women, 67 men), tennis (20 women, 22 men), basketball (28 women, 22 men), softball or baseball (38 women, 31 men), cross-country (18 women, 19 men), and golf (6 women, 10 men). Main Outcome Measure(s):  Passive hip ROM was measured with the athlete lying prone with the hip abducted to 20° to 30° and knee flexed to 90°. The leg was passively internally and externally rotated until the point of sacral movement. Three measures were averaged for each direction and leg and used for analysis. We compared ROMIR, ROMER, ROMTOT (ROMTOT = ROMIR + ROMER), and relative ROM (ROMREL = ROMIR − ROMER) between sexes and among sports using separate 2 × 6 repeated-measures analyses of variance. Results:  Women had greater ROMIR (38.1° ± 8.2° versus 28.6° ± 8.4°; F1,327 = 91.74, P &lt; .001), ROMTOT (72.1° ± 10.6° versus 64.4° ± 10.1°; F1,327 = 33.47, P &lt; .001), and ROMREL (1.5° ± 16.0° versus −7.6° ± 16.5°; F1,327 = 37.05, P &lt; .001) than men but similar ROMER (34.0° ± 12.2° versus 35.8° ± 11.5°; F1,327 = 1.65, P = .20) to men. Cross-country athletes exhibited greater ROMIR (37.0° ± 9.3° versus 30.9° ± 9.4° to 33.3° ± 9.5°; P = .001) and ROMREL (5.9° ± 18.3° versus −9.6° ± 16.9° to −2.7° ± 17.3°; P = .001) and less ROMER (25.7° ± 7.5° versus 35.0° ± 13.0° to 40.2° ± 12.0°; P &lt; .001) than basketball, soccer, softball or baseball, and tennis athletes. They also displayed less ROMTOT (62.7° ± 8.1° versus 70.0° ± 9.1° to 72.9° ± 11.9°; P &lt; .001) than basketball, softball or baseball, and tennis athletes. Conclusions:  Women had greater ROMIR than men, resulting in greater ROMTOT and ROMREL. Researchers should examine the extent to which this greater bias toward ROMIR may explain women's greater tendency for dynamic knee valgus. With the exception of cross-country, ROM values were similar across sports. The clinical implications of these aberrant cross-country values require further study.

scholarly journals Posterior cruciate ligament injury is influenced by intercondylar shape and size of tibial eminence

2019 ◽  
Vol 101-B (9) ◽  
pp. 1058-1062
Author(s):  
K. S. R. van Kuijk ◽  
M. Reijman ◽  
S. M. A. Bierma-Zeinstra ◽  
J. H. Waarsing ◽  
D. E. Meuffels
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Posterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Knee Injury ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Ligament Injury ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Shape Modelling ◽  
Tibial Eminence ◽  
Statistical Shape

Aims Little is known about the risk factors that predispose to a rupture of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). Identifying risk factors is the first step in trying to prevent a rupture of the PCL from occurring. The morphology of the knee in patients who rupture their PCL may differ from that of control patients. The purpose of this study was to identify any variations in bone morphology that are related to a PCL. Patients and Methods We compared the anteroposterior (AP), lateral, and Rosenberg view radiographs of 94 patients with a ruptured PCL to a control group of 168 patients matched by age, sex, and body mass index (BMI), but with an intact PCL after a knee injury. Statistical shape modelling software was used to assess the shape of the knee and determine any difference in anatomical landmarks. Results We found shape variants on the AP and Rosenberg view radiographs to be significantly different between patients who tore their PCL and those with an intact PCL after a knee injury. Overall, patients who ruptured their PCL have smaller intercondylar notches and smaller tibial eminences than control patients. Conclusion This study shows that differences in the shape of the knee are associated with the presence of a PCL rupture after injury. A smaller and more sharply angled intercondylar notch and a more flattened tibial eminence are related to PCL rupture. This suggests that the morphology of the knee is a risk factor for sustaining a PCL rupture. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:1058–1062.

scholarly journals Unusual Iatrogenic Complication of ACL Surgery

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (11_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967114S0027
Author(s):  
Serdar Sargın ◽  
Aziz Atik ◽  
Gökhan Meriç ◽  
Ahmet Aslan
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Acl Reconstruction ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Left Knee ◽  
Ligament Injury ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Revision Operation ◽  
Iatrogenic Complication ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Arthroscopic Removal

Objectives: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures constitute the most common ligament injury of the knee, and ACL reconstruction is a commonly performed procedure in orthopedic sport medicine. We report a case of on-the-cartilage placement of EndoButton for ACL reconstruction and its treatment with arthroscopic removal. The rehabilitation method was successful, resulting in excellent function and range of motion of the knee. The aim of this study was present an unusual case of iatrogenic complication of ACL reconstruction and to highlight to the surgeons about this complication. Methods: A 22-year-old male patient administered to our outpatient clinic with a history of trauma to his left knee in a soccer game 2 years ago. He underwent arthroscopic transtibial ACL reconstruction using hamstring tendons and EB system in another facility 19 months ago. At the time of initial administration he complained about pain and friction on his left knee, especially when he was running. In his physical examination patellar friction, anterior drawer and lachman tests were pathological which reminded us rerupture of ACL. Knee movements were in normal limits, but he felt pain especially during flexion and extension. Results: We used standard anteromedial and anterolateral portals and an accessory portal for excision of EB. When we explored the knee arthroscopically, we observed the EB misplaced on femoral groove. Firstly the loop of EB was cut then the EB was removed from superolateral portal. Loop remnant was cauterized with RF probe. The knee was irrigated and portals were sutured. The operation was finished without complication. The knee was dressed and the patient was kept in an adjustable knee brace. There was no complaint of crepitation and the range of motion (ROM) of knee was in normal limits. We offered revision operation again but the patient didn’t accept this suggestion. Conclusion: EB is a good and a commonly used option in ACL reconstruction surgery. Even the complication rates seem much more acceptable when compared to other fixation methods; misplacement of fixation device can be seen. In such a situation it is believed that, surgeons must not hesitate for arthroscopic removal and revision surgery.

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