Psychological Insulin Resistance: Key Factors and Intervention

Insulin is a mainstay of treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus to control blood sugar levels and reduce the risk of diabetes complications, but psychological insulin resistance can delay insulin treatment. Psychological insulin resistance can be defined as a negative attitude and feelings toward insulin treatment experienced by diabetics. Factors influencing psychological insulin resistance include a lack of understanding of diabetic pathophysiology, a negative attitude toward insulin treatment, anxiety about insulin therapy complications and hypoglycemia, distorted beliefs, daily constraints, fear or pain from injections, and discomfort. Various approaches to psychological insulin resistance involve direct demonstration of the insulin administration processes, education regarding diabetic pathophysiology and insulin action, assessment and evaluation of the degree of psychological insulin resistance, patient group training, building correct support systems, and providing contacts (e.g., diabetes center, diabetes nurse educator). The role of healthcare providers is important in reducing patients’ psychological insulin resistance through various interventions.

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Psychological Insulin Resistance: Key Factors and Intervention

Journal of Korean Diabetes ◽

10.4093/jkd.2021.192.196.192 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 192-196

Author(s):

Yeon Jeong Jang

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Insulin Treatment ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Negative Attitude ◽

Key Factors ◽

Direct Demonstration ◽

Diabetes Nurse Educator ◽

Diabetes Center ◽

Sugar Levels

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Opinions and Knowledge of Parents Regarding Preventive Vaccinations of Children and Causes of Reluctance toward Preventive Vaccinations

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17103694 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (10) ◽

pp. 3694 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anna Lewandowska ◽

Tomasz Lewandowski ◽

Grzegorz Rudzki ◽

Sławomir Rudzki ◽

Barbara Laskowska

Keyword(s):

Child Death ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Negative Attitude ◽

Vaccination Program ◽

Attitudes And Beliefs ◽

Legal Guardians ◽

Survey Results ◽

Sick Children ◽

The Stability

Background: Despite the stability of global vaccination coverage, over 19 million children worldwide do not currently receive basic vaccines. Over the past several years, there has been a dramatic drop in the number of vaccinated children worldwide. The implementation of the vaccination program and the scope of protection depend on the parents or legal guardians, who decide whether to vaccinate their child or not. Studies were conducted to assess parents’ knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about vaccines, as well as the role of healthcare providers in parents’ decisions. Methods: A population survey was conducted in 2018–2019. Parents or legal guardians of the children were invited to participate in the study during their visits to the clinic for healthy or sick children. The method used in the research was a diagnostic survey. Results: According to the conducted research, men and women constituted 45% and 55% of participants, respectively. The average age of men was 44, while, for women, it was 41. Internal research showed that as much as 71% of parents declared the need for vaccination, although 41% of parents vaccinated their children according to the vaccination calendar. The most frequently mentioned concerns included the possibility of adverse vaccination reactions (22%), the occurrence of autism (7%), and child death (6%). General practitioners had, by far, the greatest impact on the use of protective vaccination in children (73% women and 80% men), although there were cases of discouraging the performance of compulsory vaccinations (41%), and mentioning a doctor (38%) or nurse (3%). Conclusions: Modifiable determinants of the negative attitude toward vaccinations are caused mainly by the lack of knowledge. These obstacles in vaccinations can be overcome by improving health education in terms of the vaccination program.

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