scholarly journals The identification and examination of the elements that caused a schism in the Johannine community at the end of the first century CE

2007 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Van der Merwe
Keyword(s):  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
First Century ◽  
1 John ◽  
Johannine Community

A group of people within the Johannine community (2:18) contributed towards destroying the fellowship of this community. Because 1 and 2 John do not provide direct evidence of the identities of the community’s heretically inclined members, they are defined in different ways by different scholars. A search for socio-religious circumstances which contribute towards determin-ing the opponents and adherents of the author which created the agenda for the reconstruction of the phenomena that caused this schism. The nature of the schism comprises “Pneumatological,” “Christological” and “ethical” issues encoded in the polemical language of slogans, dialectic discourse, confessions and denials. The schism in 1 John proves to be a matter of different interpretations of a shared tradition.

Feminist Psychiatric Ethics in the Twenty-First Century and the Social Context of Suffering

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Nyquist Potter
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Forensic Psychiatry ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Intimate Partner Abuse ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
First Century ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
The Social ◽  
Key Questions

This chapter covers three central developments in feminist psychiatric ethics: nosology, forensic psychiatry, and advances in feminist theorizing the twenty-firstst century. Each of these sections raises key questions in how to think about gender and other socially marked bodies as they intersect with psychiatry. In particular, I highlight feminist challenges to nosological and ontological issues in psychiatry and their relation to ethics; the concept of relationality as it affects our understanding of intimate partner abuse; postcolonialism and how an understanding of epistemologies of ignorance present ethical challenges to psychiatry; and the crucial question of testimonial justice when it comes to listening appropriately to patients. I argue that a consideration of each of these areas entails a shift in how feminists approach ethical issues, making psychiatric ethics more complex, more challenging and, in general, messier, as reflects current social conditions.

scholarly journals Eschatology in the first epistle of John: koinwnia in the familia Dei

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 1045-1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
D G Van der Merwe
Keyword(s):  
Son Of God ◽  
Family Of God ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Future ◽  
1 John ◽  
Divine Life ◽  
Johannine Community

The schism that occurred in the Johannine community has been reinterpreted by the author of the first Epistle of John. In his opinion, the incident involving the schismatics could be interpreted as the coming of the antichrist(s), which marks the ‘final hour’  and describes an eschatological moment. This eschatological moment heightens the community’ s awareness of the fact that they live in an eschatological time, which will, at some time in the future, have an eschatological consummation, regardless of the form it takes. This present eschatological life is described by the author as continuous koinwniva within the family of God, the familia Dei, and as long as this family abides in the light, they will progressively experience divine life and fellowship. The consummation of this new existence will be experienced in the future, when the Son of God ‘is revealed’. In this context one can label  the eschatology of 1 John a progressively realizing eschato-logy that embraces a future eschatological consummation.  A transitional eschatological event, which will end the present eschatological time and start a new one, is referred to by the author as ‘when he (the Son of God) is revealed’  (ejan fanerwqh`/, 2:28; 3:2), ‘his parousia’  (parousia/ aujtou), 2:28), and ‘the day of judgment’  (th`/ hmevra/ th"krivsew", 4:17). Both present and future eschatology have to be interpreted and understood from the perspective of koinwnia in the familia Dei.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Cozort ◽  
James Mark Shields
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Ethics ◽  
Animal Rights ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Applied Ethics ◽  
First Century ◽  
Buddhist Ethics ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
The Past

In the past twenty years, the sub-discipline of Buddhist ethics has expanded in terms of the breadth of methodological perspective and depth of inquiry. Scholars have used Buddhist resources to analyse a number of contemporary controversies, including human rights, women’s rights, animal rights, sexuality, war, terrorism, violence, social, economic and retributive justice, as well as various issues of concern to biomedical and environmental ethics. Beyond matters of philosophical and applied ethics, anthropologists and sociologists have studied the effect of Buddhism upon various cultures of Asia. The Oxford Handbook of Buddhist Ethics is intended as a comprehensive overview of the state of the field of Buddhist ethics in the second decade of the twenty-first century. Contributions by twenty-nine international scholars provide balanced and critical review essays on particular aspects of Buddhist ethics related to their current research. This handbook will serve as a leading resource for current and future scholars in this burgeoning field of study but will also be of interest to anyone interested in multiple perspectives on ethical issues.

Babylonian observational astronomy

1974 ◽  
Vol 276 (1257) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Astronomical Observation ◽  
Observational Astronomy ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
First Dynasty

The cuneiform texts from ancient Assyria and Babylonia that are preserved offer direct evidence for systematic astronomical observation in two widely separated periods. From the first half of the second millennium B.C., later tradition has transmitted the dates of successive Venus appearances and disappearances in the reign of a king of the First Dynasty of Babylon. From the middle of the eighth century B.C. to the middle of the first century B.C. are preserved a large number of fragments of astronomical diaries attesting extensive daily observations of naked-eye astronomical phenomena.

Architectural Ethics

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Ray
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Relationship Building ◽  
First Century ◽  
Managerial Values ◽  
Architectural Practice ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Face ◽  
Twenty First Century

The practice of architecture, a discipline that is inescapably contingent on the particular, but that is also required by society in some way to represent an ideal, raises a number of specific ethical issues. Following an essay by the philosopher Thomas Nagel, this paper argues that it is intrinsic to professional judgement that this involves the prioritizing of unquantifiable ‘goods’. A twentieth-century case study is examined, which exhibits the choices made by a well-known architect. The changed nature of architectural practice in the United Kingdom in the twenty-first century is then described, whereby the privilege of making such judgements has been severely limited by the substitution of managerial values for professional values. In the face of different ethical imperatives – most obviously to design responsibly within pressing ecological concerns – it is argued that the task for architects now is to re-establish a context within which sound judgements can be made, which of course implies a degree of professional trust. Their ability to balance managerial values (technical competence for example) with ethical decision-making is what may prove to be most valuable. There are implications for architectural education, which in the past has either pretended to be a science or has retreated into aesthetic speculation, providing training in the skills of persuasion rather than relationship-building. The conclusion is that ethical thinking is inescapable for the profession of architecture in the twenty-first century.

scholarly journals Direct evidence of a large Northern European Roman period martial event and postbattle corpse manipulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (23) ◽  
pp. 5920-5925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mads Kähler Holst ◽  
Jan Heinemeier ◽  
Ejvind Hertz ◽  
Peter Jensen ◽  
Mette Løvschal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Total Population ◽  
First Century ◽  
Wetland Area ◽  
Systematic Treatment ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Human Bones

New archaeological excavations at Alken Enge, Jutland, Denmark, have revealed a comprehensive assemblage of disarticulated human remains within a 75-ha wetland area. A minimum of 82 individuals have been uncovered. Based on the distribution, the total population is estimated to be greater than 380 individuals, exclusively male and predominantly adult. The chronological radiocarbon evidence of the human bones indicates that they belong to a single, large event in the early first century AD. The bones show a high frequency of unhealed trauma from sharp-edged weapons, which, together with finds of military equipment, suggests that the find is of martial character. Taphonomic traces indicate that the bones were exposed to animal gnawing for a period of between 6 mo and 1 y before being deposited in the lake. Furthermore, the find situations, including collections of bones, ossa coxae threaded onto a stick, and cuts and scraping marks, provide evidence of the systematic treatment of the human corpses after the time of exposure. The finds are interpreted as the remains of an organized and possibly ritually embedded clearing of a battlefield, including the physical manipulation of the partly skeletonized bones of the deceased fighters and subsequent deposition in the lake. The date places the finds in the context of the Germanic region at the peak of the Roman expansion northward and provides the earliest direct archaeological evidence of large-scale conflict among the Germanic populations and a demonstration of hitherto unrecognized postbattle practices.

Great Poets Do Not Die: Maggie Gee’s Virginia Woolf in Manhattan (2014) As Metaphor For Contemporary Biofiction

2020 ◽  
pp. 399-411
Author(s):  
Bethany Layne
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Virginia Woolf ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Real Life ◽  
First Century ◽  
Keynote Address ◽  
The Real ◽  
Michael Cunningham ◽  
Twenty First Century

This chapter takes as its subject Maggie Gee’s novel Virginia Woolf in Manhattan (2014), which imagines what might transpire if Woolf were to be resurrected in twenty-first-century New York. She is conjured by the fictitious novelist Angela Lamb, who is visiting the Berg Collection in preparation for a keynote address at an international Woolf conference. As a contemporary novelist who recalls her subject to life, lends her clothing and helps her to sign her name, Angela is symbolic of the real-life novelists who recreated Woolf in their own image and reinterpreted her works in line with their respective versions. The chapter thus contends that Gee’s recent manifestation of Woolf-inspired biofiction may be read successfully as an extended metaphor for the twenty-year-old subgenre. This originated with Sigrid Nunez (1998) and Michael Cunningham (1998) and extends to recent work by Priya Parmar (2014) and Norah Vincent (2015). The chapter first examines issues of content, focusing on Gee’s presentation of Woolf’s suicide and sexuality. The discussion is then expanded to think critically about Woolf-inspired biofiction as a subgenre, particularly the ethical issues attendant on its invasion of the subject’s privacy.

Intangible Cultural Heritages

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Máiréad Nic Craith
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
First Century ◽  
Material Objects ◽  
Traditional Practices ◽  
European Heritage ◽  
Culture Heritage ◽  
Role Of Women

Heritage has traditionally been associated with material objects, but recent conventions have emphasized the significance of intangible culture heritage. This article advocates a holistic approach towards the concept and considers key challenges for Europe's heritage at the beginning of the twenty-first century. Reflecting on the notion of 'European', it considers the question of how one defines European heritage and which European heritage is to be protected. It explores links between national and European conceptions of identity and heritage and queries issues of ownership, language and representation. A number of ethical issues are raised - such as the role of women in the transmission of heritage and the implications of information technology for copywriting traditional practices. The author also asks how one ensures that the process of globalisation facilitates rather than eliminates local cultural heritages? How does one enhance the local so that it becomes glocal and not obsolete?

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