scholarly journals ‘The farm that became a great problem’: Epworth Mission Station and the manifestation of mission in crisis in post-independence Zimbabwe

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richman Ncube ◽  
Selaelo T. Kgatla
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Methodist Church ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Great Problem ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Mission Work ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Desk Research

Mission stations were created to radiate the light of Christianity to the surrounding communities. However, as time passed, what was meant to be the light became an eyesore to the noble intentions of the initial founders. Epworth Mission Station brings together the manifestation of a failed mission vision, as exemplified by the challenges and the squalid conditions of what was once a promising mission. This study explores the origins and challenges faced at a mission station and in particular Epworth of the Methodist Church in Harare. It looks at the challenges of the 19th-century mission approach in a post-colonial era. With the changes in political and religious terrain in Africa, mission work has suffered.Contribution: Using qualitative methods, which included desk research, archival and ethnographic approaches, the researcher sought to uncover the latent sources and nature of the mission problems and ended by suggesting what new approaches can be used to salvage respectability of mission in a post-colonial era. These include missional orientation and decolonisation of the African mind.

scholarly journals Post colonial psychiatric care in Ghana

2001 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 228-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Ewusi-Mensah
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Psychiatric Service ◽  
Psychiatric Services ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Trained Staff ◽  
The 19Th Century

The development of psychiatric care in Ghana since the colonial era in the 19th century, up to the present, is described. Distorted planning and limited accessibility to psychiatric services in many parts of the country, coupled with shortage of trained staff of all grades (including psychiatrists and nurses) plus inadequate funding, have adversely affected the establishment of a fully comprehensive psychiatric service. Suggestions for improving services into the 21st century are briefly discussed.

Abortion and Infanticide

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Criminal Trials ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Public Defense ◽  
19Th And 20Th Century ◽  
The 19Th Century

The history of infanticide and abortion in Latin America has garnered increasing attention in the past two decades. Particularities of topic and temporal focus characterize this work and shape this bibliography’s geographic organization. Mexico possesses the most developed scholarship in both the colonial and modern periods. There, tracing of the persistence of pre-Conquest Indigenous medical knowledge and the endurance of paraprofessional obstetrical practitioners through the colonial era and into the 19th century features prominently and echoes some of the scholarship examining European midwives’ administration of plant-based abortifacients in the medieval and Early Modern eras. This topic plays a role, but a much less prominent one in scholarship on Colombia, Peru, and Brazil. Scholars of Brazil, the Caribbean, and circum-Caribbean have focused in particular on the issue of enslaved mothers’ commission of infanticide and abortion on their own children in the 18th and 19th centuries, a particularly fraught issue in the context of the abolition of the slave trade. A central assumption in much scholarship on the 19th-century professionalization (and masculinization) of obstetrical medicine is that the marginalization of midwives entailed a reduction in women’s access to abortion, although this position has been challenged in some recent scholarship on 19th-century Mexico in particular. The examination of the ways that the new republics perceived the crimes of infanticide and abortion in their legal codes, judicial processes, and in community attitudes is a central focus of 19th- and 20th-century scholarship. Scholars have remarked upon the considerable uniformity across all regions of a paucity of denunciations or convictions in the first half of the 19th century and the rise of criminal trials for both crimes in its last three decades. This change coincided (although no one has argued been provoked by) many countries’ issuance of national penal codes in the 1870s and 1880s. This intensification of persecution also coincided with the Catholic church’s articulation of an explicit condemnation of abortion (Pius IX’s 1869 bull Apostolicae Sedis), although demonstrating the concrete implications of this decree to the Latin American setting remains a task yet to be undertaken. Historians of both abortion and infanticide have also concentrated on defendant motives and defenses in criminal investigations. While some highlight defendants’ economic desperation, most scholars argue that the public defense of female sexual honor was a crucial motivator, which courts understood as a legitimate concern in 19th- and even mid-20th-century trials. Scholarship on 20th-century infanticide and abortion history continues to concentrate on fluctuations in attitudes toward honor, gender, and the family as influences on criminal codes and especially judicial sentencing for both acts, and toward the late 20th century on feminist efforts to decriminalize abortion that have met with varied success across countries.

scholarly journals The Sociology of Religion in a Post-Colonial Era: Towards Theoretical Reflexivity

Religions ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
James Spickard
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Sociology Of Religion ◽  
Scientific Process ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
Cultural Origins ◽  
Do So ◽  
The Way

This article makes two points. First, it argues that sociology, like all knowledge, is shaped, though not determined, by its historical-cultural origins. Early sociology arose in 19th-century Europe and its core concepts were shaped by that era—both in what they reveal about society and what they hide. We now realize this, so we sociologists of religion need to examine our inherited concepts to understand those concepts’ limitations. We also need to include an analysis of the way the current historical-cultural situation shapes sociology today. This is the theoretical reflexivity called for in the title. Second, the article argues that expanding sociology’s conceptual canon to include insights from other historical-cultural locations is more than just an ethical matter. It is also epistemological. Sociology does not make progress unless it includes insights from as many standpoints as possible. This does not mean that all insights are equal. It does mean that all have the potential to improve sociological understanding. Whether or not they actually do so is a matter for the scientific process to decide.

Foreign Travelers in Mexico

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Garza
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Foreign Travel ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

The history of foreign travel to Mexico has been dependent on the country’s political, economic, and social conditions. Travel restrictions, banditry, the condition of transportation routes and ports, political stability, revolution, and the development of a tourist industry have all played a role in how travelers have written about Mexico. Despite periodic challenges, Mexico has proven to be an alluring destination for foreign travelers since the colonial era. Men and women have journeyed to Mexico for different reasons, some on official business and others for pleasure or to escape their lives back home, and in turn have produced numerous accounts that have served to attract more visitors and have functioned as a valuable source of information on the everyday life of Mexico’s peoples. Still others have traveled to Mexico for conquest, and while their motivations were violent, their journals have served as a guide for those interested in retracing the same routes. Travelers have depicted landscapes, communities, peoples, and practices; offered insight into important historic periods; and depicted Mexico as exotic, bountiful, primitive, or dangerous. This historical topic is divided into three distinct eras: the colonial period, the 19th century, and the 20th century. The Spanish Crown restricted foreign travel to Mexico during the colonial era (1521–1821), resulting in the relative scarcity of accounts from the period. Foreign travelers during this period were conquistadors, clerics, officials, or explorers, all with varying degrees of literacy. During the 19th century, foreign travelers came in three overlapping waves: the early republic era (1821–1840), when most were either investors or diplomats; the middle period (1830–1870), an era dominated by soldiers, travelers, and archeologists; and the Porfiriato (1876–1911), when investors and wealthy tourists flooded Mexico. The 1910 Mexican Revolution marks the beginning of Mexico’s 20th century and two distinct periods of foreign travel, both influenced by state power and violence. The revolutionary and state-building era (1910–1946) saw foreign travelers as primarily war journalists and writers exploring the effects of the revolution’s social and cultural measures. After World War II, foreign travelers encountered the tourism era (1946–1968), a period under the influence of a burgeoning state tourism industry. Despite this challenge, travelers, many of them writers, carved out their own niches.

scholarly journals Gender representations in politics of belonging: An analysis of Swiss immigration regulation from the 19th century until today

Ethnicities ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Fischer ◽  
Janine Dahinden
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Gender Representations ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Gender Culture ◽  
Critical Case Study ◽  
The 19Th Century

The literature increasingly recognises the importance of gender in defining the boundaries between national societies and migrants. But little is still known about the history and changes of mechanisms that shape the role of gender as category of difference. Based on a critical case study of Switzerland, this article examines how gender is implicated in the politics of migrant admission and incorporation and underlying notions of ‘the other’. Drawing on theories of boundary work, we show that gendered representations of migrants are mobilised by different actors to advance their claims and calls for certain forms of immigration control and migrant integration. Since the late 19th century, gendered representations of Swiss nationals and migrant others shift from classical gender ideas to culturalised post-colonial interpretations of gender roles and, most recently, to normative ideas of gender equality. As part of these changes, migrant women moved from the periphery to the core of public and political attention. Concomitantly, categories of difference shift from the intersection of gender and social class to an intersection of gender, culture and ethnicity. Local particularities of Switzerland – the idea of ‘overforeignisation’ and the system of direct democracy – play a significant role in shaping categories. But Switzerland’s embeddedness in transnational fields emerges as equally important. The article expands on recent research and illuminates how changing dynamics of categorisation and othering facilitate the construction of nations and national identities in a transnationalised world.

scholarly journals Soldiers, Artisans, Cultivators and Revolutionaries: The Movement of Sikhs in the Indian Ocean

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjali Gera Roy
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Martial Race

The geography of Punjab, a land-locked region divided between India and Pakistan, makes it an unlikely player in oceanic sojourns. But imperial interventions in Punjab in the middle of the 19th century triggered movements from Punjab that inserted this region in the littoral narrative of the Indian Ocean. Unlike the movements of lascars and traders, who have been central to the revisionist histories of the Indian Ocean, those from Punjab have not featured in oceanic dialogues. The absence of Sikhs in Indian Ocean studies is largely due to the silence of Sikh soldiers, skilled craftsmen and cultivators with largely rural roots who were uprooted to strange lands. The confusion of Sikhs with Hindus, Muslims and, even Afghans, in the colonial era, as well as the classification of Punjabi Muslims as Pakistani in the post-colonial, further problematizes the Sikh migration narrative. Drawing on a wide range of official and unofficial historical sources, this essay argues that twin developments in Punjab, namely the construction of Sikhs as ‘a martial race’ and their integration into the imperial capitalist economy, connects the movements of soldiers and policemen to Shanghai, Hong Kong, the Straits Settlements and Kenya with those of skilled artisans to Mombasa and Uganda. Keywords: Sikhs, Indian Ocean, labour migration, cultural identity

scholarly journals SIMETRISITAS SEBAGAI KOSMOLOGI RUANG JAWA PADA RUMAH KOLONIAL DI KAMPUNG BUBUTAN SURABAYA (The Symmetricity of Colonial House as Javanese Space Cosmology at Kampung Bubutan Surabaya)

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Risqi Cahyani ◽  
Lisa Dwi Wulandari ◽  
Antariksa Antariksa
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Living Room ◽  
Main Principle ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
The 19Th Century

Symmetricity is part of the Javanese Cosmology that describes the perfection of Javanese. Symmetricity has been the main principle in Javanese house, not only in the faade of the house but olso the hierarchy of spatial inside. Kampung Bubutan is the ancient settlement experienced two phases of Government which strongly influenced the architectural character, which at the time became the Kingdom of Mataram (15th century) and the colonialism of the Netherlands (17th century up to the 19th century). The remains of the era of colonialism in Surabaya can still be felt by many colonial buildings surounding in the settlement. This study will explore how the principles of Javanese symmetricity in Kampung Bubutan colonial house, by using descriptive qualitative methods. Can the Javanese symmetricity still become principal in colonial house and survive? The results shows that the symmetricity of fasade became decreased at the last peroide of 19th century, when the NA-Romantiek was popular. Spatial symmetricity at the colonial houses have inconsistancy since the beginning of 19th century until the early 20th century. The main hierarchy of the spatial Javanese House, which are pendopo (verandah), pringgitan (foyer), dalem (living room) and senthong (bedroom), have become inconsistence since the end of 19th century periode

GREAT MOSQUE BANDUNG AS A LANDMARK OF BANDUNG CITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Ecep Herdis Rustandi ◽  
Karto Wijaya ◽  
Rochmanijar Setiady
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Tourist Attraction ◽  
Historic Buildings ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
The Many ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Historic City ◽  
The City

ABSTRACT : The city of Bandung is the capital of West Java Province, Bandung City also known as the historic City of Bandung is a witness of historic events from Bandung to the sea of fire until the Asian-African Conference (KAA). The city of Bandung also has historical landmarks of the Dutch colonial era including Gedung Merdeka, Gedung Sate, Savoy Homan Hotel, Pasar Baru, and the Great Mosque of Bandung. Because of the many historic buildings in the city of Bandung, Bandung City is the destination of tourist destinations, both local and foreign tourists, Bandung is also known as Parijs Van Java. The nickname was given because the city of Bandung is located on a plateau surrounded by mountains so that the air or temperature in Bandung is very cool as in Europe. Speaking of historical buildings in this writing, the author will take the title of the Great Mosque as a Landmark of Bandung. The Great Mosque of Bandung Established in the 19th century and is one of the historical buildings in the City of Bandung the Great Mosque Several times experienced transformation of forms or renovations from 1810 - 2001. Bandung Grand Mosque is located in the city square of Bandung or in the center of the city is strategically located making the Bandung Great Mosque a religious tourist attraction in the city of Bandung. Keywords : Mosque, Landmark, Bandung, Colonial, Dutch, Architecture

Politics of Symbolism: The Making of Birsa Munda’s Statue in Post-colonial Jharkhand, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-161
Author(s):  
Rahul Ranjan
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Conceptual Tool ◽  
Memory Politics ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Political Landscape ◽  
Exciting Opportunity ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

Birsa Munda, Adivasi leader (Indigenous people) led a rebellion at the end of the 19th century against the dikus (outsiders) popularly known as Birsa Ulgulan (tumult, rebellion). The movement targeted British officials, zamindars, and missionaries. One of the immediate effects of the movement emerged in the form of protectionary legislation (Chota Nagpur Tenancy Act) and later played an influential role in the making of Jharkhand. In the contemporary social and political landscape, the presence of Birsa Munda in the form of the built environment such as statue is indelible and offers an exciting opportunity to understand the new aesthetic turn. In particular, the author investigates two statues in Jharkhand. These statues that function as “sites of memory” play a significant role in political mobilisation and vote-bank politics. It also offers a possibility to understand the relationship between the state, elites and subalterns. The paper builds upon ethnographic materials collected during the fieldwork and devices a conceptual tool of “material-memory” to offer the specific role of Birsa’s memory as medium of doing memory politics.

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