Politics of Symbolism: The Making of Birsa Munda’s Statue in Post-colonial Jharkhand, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-161
Author(s):  
Rahul Ranjan
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Conceptual Tool ◽  
Memory Politics ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Political Landscape ◽  
Exciting Opportunity ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

Birsa Munda, Adivasi leader (Indigenous people) led a rebellion at the end of the 19th century against the dikus (outsiders) popularly known as Birsa Ulgulan (tumult, rebellion). The movement targeted British officials, zamindars, and missionaries. One of the immediate effects of the movement emerged in the form of protectionary legislation (Chota Nagpur Tenancy Act) and later played an influential role in the making of Jharkhand. In the contemporary social and political landscape, the presence of Birsa Munda in the form of the built environment such as statue is indelible and offers an exciting opportunity to understand the new aesthetic turn. In particular, the author investigates two statues in Jharkhand. These statues that function as “sites of memory” play a significant role in political mobilisation and vote-bank politics. It also offers a possibility to understand the relationship between the state, elites and subalterns. The paper builds upon ethnographic materials collected during the fieldwork and devices a conceptual tool of “material-memory” to offer the specific role of Birsa’s memory as medium of doing memory politics.

scholarly journals THE CONCEPT OF RUSSIAN ARCHITECTURE IN THE BALTIC PROVINCES BETWEEN THE GREAT NORTHERN WAR AND THE COSMOPOLITANISM OF THE 19TH CENTURY

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 85-150
Author(s):  
Juhan Maiste
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Architectural History ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
New Geography ◽  
Great Northern War

The goal of this article is to examine the role of the new Russian rulingpower as it related to cultural policy in the Baltic provinces betweenthe Great Northern War (1700–1721) and the Russian Revolution (1917),in order to engender a discussion about the Russian influence inEstonia’s architectural history – its content and meaning – based onprimary sources in the archives of Estonia, St Petersburg and Moscow.The historiography of this topic dates back nearly a century; as aneighbouring country and an important centre of political power andculture, the influence of St Petersburg as the main Russian metropolishas been always been taken into consideration and studied in thehistory of Estonian art history. The articles by Sergey Androsovand Georgy Smirnov that appear in this volume have provided theinspiration to try and re-examine the entire spectrum of Estonia’sposition between East and West, and to point out the main subjectsin this new context and the relationship to the new geography ofarchitecture in the Age of Enlightenment and the stylistic changesof the 19th century.

Californio testimonios

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosaura Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous People ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Alta California ◽  
History Of ◽  
Person Account ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Pastoral Economy

Several 19th-century Californio testimonios are the product of interviews of Californio men and women made by H. H. Bancroft’s agents, looking for historical information that would be incorporated in what became, in time, Bancroft’s History of California. In their narratives, Californio informants discuss the 19th-century political and economic periods, with particular interest in the periods of Spanish, Mexican, and US colonization, which brought the dispossession and exploitation of indigenous people in California. These testimonios offer information on the treatment of the Indians within the mission, and their demise after close contact with missionaries and settlers. The role of missionaries in the colonization is also examined—the secularization of mission lands, the pastoral economy dominant in Alta California, and the subsequent dispossession of the Californios after 1848 by the Land Act of 1851, incoming US settlers and squatters, and land speculators. The testimonios offer a first-person account of numerous events, problems, and conflicts in Alta California during the 19th century.

scholarly journals Gender representations in politics of belonging: An analysis of Swiss immigration regulation from the 19th century until today

Ethnicities ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Fischer ◽  
Janine Dahinden
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Gender Representations ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Gender Culture ◽  
Critical Case Study ◽  
The 19Th Century

The literature increasingly recognises the importance of gender in defining the boundaries between national societies and migrants. But little is still known about the history and changes of mechanisms that shape the role of gender as category of difference. Based on a critical case study of Switzerland, this article examines how gender is implicated in the politics of migrant admission and incorporation and underlying notions of ‘the other’. Drawing on theories of boundary work, we show that gendered representations of migrants are mobilised by different actors to advance their claims and calls for certain forms of immigration control and migrant integration. Since the late 19th century, gendered representations of Swiss nationals and migrant others shift from classical gender ideas to culturalised post-colonial interpretations of gender roles and, most recently, to normative ideas of gender equality. As part of these changes, migrant women moved from the periphery to the core of public and political attention. Concomitantly, categories of difference shift from the intersection of gender and social class to an intersection of gender, culture and ethnicity. Local particularities of Switzerland – the idea of ‘overforeignisation’ and the system of direct democracy – play a significant role in shaping categories. But Switzerland’s embeddedness in transnational fields emerges as equally important. The article expands on recent research and illuminates how changing dynamics of categorisation and othering facilitate the construction of nations and national identities in a transnationalised world.

scholarly journals The role of language in psychiatric treatment in the French Romantic Age: A note on Dr Laurent Cerise

1974 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 360-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Starobinski
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Moral Treatment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
19Th Century France ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

SYSNOPSISAt the beginning of the 19th century France had many experts on the ‘moral treatment of insanity’. Very few of them, however, applied their experience and theories to the role of language in the development of behaviour from childhood on, in the pathogenesis of mental disorders, and in psychotherapy. To Dr. Louis Cerise, one of the founders of the Annales Médico-Psychologiques, belongs the great distinction of formulating a theory which tried to take account of the necessary contribution of language to individual development. In his book Des Fonctions et des Maladies Nerveuses (1842), he put forward a view of the relationship between the individual and society. His concept of ‘the goal of activity’ still merits our attention.

scholarly journals PANTELEIMON KULISH IN THE FATE AND WORKS OF MYKHAILO STARYTSKYI (APPROACHING THE ISSUE)

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-21
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Polishchuk
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
Constructive Dialogue ◽  
Historical Role ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Late Works

The paper focuses on the relationship of two Ukrainian literature classics of the 19th century Panteleimon Kulish and Mykhailo Starytskyi, the viewpoint of the latter being basic in this research. The study reveals some aspects of biographical and then creative nature that had an impact on the outlook of the younger writer (M. Starytskyi). There were noticeable differences in the characters and temperaments of the two writers. The noble tolerance on the part of M. Starytskyi allowed maintaining a constructive dialogue between colleagues, despite the substantial worldview and historiosophical ‘swings’ of P. Kulish in the 1870s and 80s. As to typological convergences and differences in the field of literature, it is noted that P. Kulish’s “Commoners’ Council” (“Chorna Rada”) had a signifi cant and long-lasting impact on Starytskyi’s outlook and subsequently his prose works (especially fiction). The prophetic potential of Kulish’s novel (commoners’ councils as the causes of ‘ruin’, the destructive nature of the thoughtless spontaneity of the masses, the threat of populism, etc.) was realized in Starytskyi’s writings. The study shows that in different spheres of creative work, both P. Kulish and M. Starytskyi tended to innovations and experiments focused on the best achievements of European literatures. Special attention is paid to the debatable issue of the classics’ priority in ‘breaking the patterns’ of imitating Shevchenko’s manner of verse (based on the judgments of I. Franko, M. Zerov, and Ye. Nakhlik). The author of the paper defends the view of at least simultaneous overcoming the mentioned patterns by P. Kulish and M. Starytskyi. Some analytical comments are given to M. Starytskyi’s judgments about T. Shevchenko, contained in his letters to P. Kulish. The analysis of M. Starytskyi’s works (novels, dramas, some poems) shows that their author did not share the views of the late works by P. Kulish concerning the historical role of the Cossacks and haidamak movement.

scholarly journals Salt Trading in Deli: Relationship between Karo and Coastal Area in 19th Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 298-305
Author(s):  
Suprayitno Suprayitno ◽  
Ratna Ratna ◽  
Handoko Handoko
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Trade Patterns ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
The People ◽  
Trade Relationship ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Coast Region

In the East Coast region of Sumatra trade patterns between inland and coastal areas have occurred since the pre-colonial period. If we pull back, the Coastal region and the interior have been trading since the 14th century; this can be seen from the archaeological findings of ancient foreign ceramics in Kabanjahe. In the 19th century, orientlists have stepped on East Sumatra. In their visits and reports, orientalists say that there has been a trade relationship between the people in the community with the coastal community. This indicates that the trade relations of the world’s deep trade with thesis continue to be continued. The role of the inland region is to supply commodities to the coastline; we can interpret that in the coastal region there are no important commodities produced. This article describes the trade relations that occur in the past. This is useful for the flexi trade system of the former with the present. How is the relationship between trade in the 19th century between the interior and the coast.

scholarly journals Historical formation and modern problems of design Formação histórica e problemas modernos de design Formación histórica y problemas modernos de diseño

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (Extra-A) ◽  
pp. 272-276
Author(s):  
Imash Adyshirin Hajiyev ◽  
Elmira Gabdulovna Akhmetshina ◽  
Liliya Rinatovna Mukhametzyanova ◽  
Timur Rashitovich Kadyirov
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

In contrast to other areas of art, the emergence of design took place in the conditions of accelerated industrialization. In this sense, it is emphasized that it belongs to industrial art. At the end of the 19th  century, the conditions created in different countries of Western Europe gave a boost to the development of design on a scientific - theoretical basis. At this time, the original theories of design appeared. The long-term development of this work became even more enriched by the activities of the alliance and the school, such as the German Verkbund, the German Bauhaus and the Soviet VHUTEMAS. In modern terms, design has become the main driving force of socio-cultural development of society. The presented material discusses the role of design in solving the task of creating the object (product) and their formation. In a broad sense, the two most important factors in this direction are the main – functionalism and aesthetic principles. The model analyzes the problem of maximum accounting utilitarian-functional indicators, the relationship between content and form.    

“Dead Eyes Open”: The Role of Experiments in Galvanic Reanimation in Nineteenth-Century Popular Culture

Leonardo ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Popular Culture ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Emergent Technologies ◽  
Cultural Imaginary ◽  
Scientific Experiments ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

During the first decades of the 19th century, a number of prominent scientists conducted experiments in the revival of dead organisms using new galvanic technologies. In several cases, these experiments were conducted on human bodies, using the corpses of executed criminals. Such experiments captured the cultural imaginary of the day, posing new questions about the relationship between emergent technologies, automated movement, and human agency. This article examines the role played by spectacle, aesthetics, and new practices and technologies of visualization in these scientific experiments.

The Germans and their Jewish Neighbors on the Ukrainian Areas at the Second Half of the 19th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
D. Meshkov
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
South West ◽  
Multiethnic Population ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

The article presents some of the author’s research results that has got while elaboration of the theme “Everyday life in the mirror of conflicts: Germans and their neighbors on the Southern and South-West periphery of the Russian Empire 1861–1914”. The relationship between Germans and Jews is studied in the context of the growing confrontation in Southern cities that resulted in a wave of pogroms. Sources are information provided by the police and court archival funds. The German colonists Ludwig Koenig and Alexandra Kirchner (the resident of Odessa) were involved into Odessa pogrom (1871), in particular. While Koenig with other rioters was arrested by the police, Kirchner led a crowd of rioters to the shop of her Jewish neighbor, whom she had a conflict with. The second part of the article is devoted to the analyses of unty-Jewish violence causes and history in Ak-Kerman at the second half of the 19th and early years of 20th centuries. Akkerman was one of the southern Bessarabia cities, where multiethnic population, including the Jews, grew rapidly. It was one of the reasons of the pogroms in 1865 and 1905. The author uses criminal cases` papers to analyze the reasons of the Germans participation in the civilian squads that had been organized to protect the population and their property in Ackerman and Shabo in 1905.

Sasak People’s Resistance Against Mataram-Karangasem and Dutch Colonial Rulers: The Role of Tuan Guru Umar Kelayu

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-90
Author(s):  
Ahmad Tohri ◽  
H. Habibuddin ◽  
Abdul Rasyad
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Dutch Colonial ◽  
Dutch Colonialism

This article discusses the Sasak people’s resistance against MataramKarangasem and Dutch colonial rulers in the 19th century in Lombok, Indonesia. It particularly focuses on Tuan Guru Umar Kelayu and his central role in the emergence of Sasak people’s resistance which transformed into Sasak physical revolution local and global imperialismcolonialism. Using the historical method, this article collected data through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The data analysis involved the historical methods of heuristics, verification or criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The findings show that Sasak people’s resistance was not only caused by economic factors but also related to other factors such as social, cultural, and religious ones. Tuan Guru Umar Kelayu played a key role in the Sasak people’s resistance in that it was under his leadership and influence that the resistance transformed into a physical struggle against MataramKarangasem and Dutch colonialism as seen in Sakra War and Praya War which were led by his students and friends.

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