scholarly journals Survey of the incidence, diagnosis, clinical manifestations and treatment of Spirocerca lupi in South Africa : research communication

2000 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.G. Lobetti
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Spirocerca Lupi ◽  
Seasonal Incidence ◽  
Overall Mortality

A questionnaire survey of 716 veterinary practices was undertaken to determine the incidence of Spirocerca lupi in dogs in South Africa. In total, 49 %of the questionnaires were returned, indicating a possible incidence of 28 %. Fewer than 4 cases per year were recorded by 82 %of the respondents; 4-12 by 14 %; 12-24 by 3 %; and more than 48 by only 1 %. No seasonal incidence was reported by 48 %of the respondents. Large breeds were considered to be at greater risk by 43 % of respondents. No specific age or sex was identified to be at higher risk. The most common complaints by owners and clinical findings were vomition (46 %), weight loss (27 %), coughing (21 %) or regurgitation (20 %), although 14 %of respondents reported no abnormal clinical findings. Diagnostic methods used were radiology (74 %), endoscopy (27 %), post mortem examination (34 %) and faecal flotation (4 %). Complications associated with S. lupi were reported by 76 % of respondents, which included oesophageal neoplasia (41 %), hypertrophic osteopathy (38 %) and acute haemothorax (30 %). Specific treatments were used by 58 % of the respondents, whereas 42 % of the respondents either used no treatment (72 %) or recommended euthanasia (28 %). Of the treatment group, 52 % used ivermectin, 27 % doramectin, 13 % other deworming drugs (benzimidazoles, nitroscanate), and 8 % used disophenol. Sixty-three percent of the respondents considered their treatment ineffective, whereas 31 % considered it effective, and 6 % were unsure. The overall mortality rate was high.

scholarly journals Follow-up survey of the prevalence, diagnosis, clinical manifestations and treatment of Spirocerca lupi in South Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Remo Lobetti
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Spirocerca Lupi ◽  
Important Disease

Spirocercosis is an important disease in South Africa. The object of this study was to determine if there had been a change in the prevalence, clinical manifestations and treatment of Spirocerca lupi over a 14-year period. A questionnaire was sent to 577 veterinary practices throughout South Africa in 2012. Of responders, 76% indicated that S. lupi occurred in their area, whilst 24% indicated that it did not; 84% considered S. lupi not to be a new phenomenon, whereas 16% considered it to be new. Monthly or seasonal distribution of the disease was not reported, and 76% of responders reported it to occur in no specific breed of dog, whereas 24% reported a breed risk, most considering large breeds to be at greater risk. No specific age or sex was identified as at higher risk. Common owner complaints were vomiting, weight loss, cough, or regurgitation. Reported clinical findings tended to mirror the clinical signs reported by owners. Most common diagnostic methods used were radiology, endoscopy, faecal flotation, and post mortem examination. Forty-four percent did not report seeing asymptomatic cases, 40% reported asymptomatic cases and 16% did not know. Associated complications were reported by 85% of responders, and included oesophageal neoplasia, hypertrophic osteopathy and acute haemothorax. Four different drugs were used as therapy: doramectin, ivermectin, milbemycin and Advocate®, with 9% of the responders using a combination of these four; 85% considered treatment to be effective and 15% ineffective. Treatment was considered more effective if the disease was diagnosed early and there were no complications. Two important conclusions were that more cases are being seen and that efficacy of therapy has increased, with a decrease in the mortality rate.

scholarly journals Retrorectal Tumors in Adults: A 10-Year Retrospective Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 1177-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Oguz ◽  
Abdullah Böyük ◽  
Ahmet Turkoglu ◽  
Cemil Goya ◽  
Ulas Alabalık ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Preoperative Imaging ◽  
Retrorectal Tumor ◽  
Retrorectal Tumors ◽  
Diagnostic Difficulties

Due to the rarity and large diversity of the primary retrorectal tumors (RTs), the diagnoses are often difficult and they can be misdiagnosed. We present our experience in light of scarce information available on the clinical manifestations of RTs. The retrospective study included 17 patients diagnosed as RTs between January 2004 and January 2014. Demographic characteristics, length of symptoms, clinical findings, diagnostic methods, evaluations on the treatment procedures and postoperative periods, pathology, complications, and length of hospital stay were recorded. A mean of 1.7 of patients were diagnosed with RTs annually in our hospital. Patients comprised 12 females and 5 males. Pain and discomfort were the most common symptoms at presentation. All the lesions were evaluated by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT), and all the patients were treated operatively. Based on the preoperative MRI or CT findings, an anterior approach was performed in 7 patients, a posterior approach in 6 patients, and combined approach in 4 patients. Mean size of tumors was 9.2 ± 4.3 cm. Epidermoid cyst (n = 8) was the most common tumor. Except for 1 case of liposarcoma, 16 tumors were confirmed to be of benign nature in histologic examination. Mean length of hospital stay 12.4 ± 6.8 days. Retrorectal tumors are heterogeneous and lead to diagnostic difficulties. A high index of clinical suspicion is needed for diagnosis. Preoperative imaging may be helpful in determining the course of treatment. Total excision of a retrorectal tumor may alleviate pressure symptoms and confirm the diagnosis.

scholarly journals Post mortem identification of Kalicephalus colubri colubri (Nematoda: Diaphanocephalidae) in a captive Mole snake (Pseudaspis cana) in South Africa : clinical communication

2009 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Junker ◽  
E.P. Lane ◽  
B. Dlamini ◽  
A. Kotze ◽  
J. Boomker
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Pulmonary Congestion ◽  
Granulomatous Hepatitis ◽  
Clinical Communication ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Hepatic Atrophy

Necropsy examination of a captive emaciated, dehydrated adult female Mole snake (Pseudaspis cana) in October 2007 revealed multiple cutaneous abscesses. Other findings included renal and hepatic atrophy, hepatic haemosiderosis, multifocal granulomatous hepatitis associated with acid-fast bacteria as well as pulmonary congestion and oedema. Large numbers of the nematode Kalicephalus colubri colubri were recovered from the oesophagus and stomach, representing the 1st reported case of K. colubri from a Mole snake in South Africa. The lesions caused by K. c. colubri were insignificant, but the presence of worms may have contributed to weight loss.

Assessment of Clinical Symptomatology and Diagnostic Features of Intestinal Intussusception associated with Malignant Tumor in Children: Results of the Retrospective Non-randomized Controlled Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Yu. Yanitskaya ◽  
Ivan A. Turabov ◽  
Тatiana V. Turobova
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Malignant Tumor ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Abdominal Mass ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Tumor Identification ◽  
Abdominal Colic

Background. Treatment tactics for the intussusception (IS) in children is mainly defined the formation cause. Non operative IS treatment is most preferable. The surgery is often unreasonably performed in children over three years as the cause for IS occurrence can be a malignant tumor. Objective. Our aim was to define the features of clinical picture and diagnostics for IS associated with malignant tumors in children. Methods. We conducted the retrospective comparative assessment of reasons, registered clinical manifestations, and applied diagnostic methods in IS cases (n=373) at Arkhangelsk children's clinical hospital in 1981–2016. Two groups were analyzed: the first group (n=7) enrolled patients with IS caused by malignant tumor, the second one (n=366) — patients with IS caused by other reasons (idiopathic, mesenteric nodes hyperplasia, diverticulum, postoperative). Results. The typical combination was detected in the first group: symptoms of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) diseases and significant (8–12%) weight loss. In the first group, IS associated with tumor was observed in a few cases (1.9%), proceeded chronically (1–3 months), relapses did not occur, acute intestinal obstructions (р<0.001) were not registered; all the patients over five years were diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphomas if compare with the second group. The most informative diagnostic method was ultrasound imaging including hydrocolonic sonography which allowed IS diagnosing and tumor identification. In the second group, the clinical picture changed eventually: «triad» of symptoms typical for IS (abdominal colic pain, blood from rectum, abdominal mass) was registered in 1/3 of cases, significantly more often (p=0.001) the disease was demonstrated by «dyad» of symptoms (vomiting and abdominal colic pain) but always progressed to the acute form. Conclusion. The IS clinical course in children following its usual pattern significantly differs from the clinical picture associated with the tumor (though it occurs rarely, commonly in children over five years): the disease proceeds chronically with symptoms of GIT diseases and significant weight loss, relapses did not occur, no symptoms of acute intestinal obstruction are registered.

Nutritional B12 Deficiency in Infants of Vitamin B12-Deficient Mothers

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 328-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oya Halicioglu ◽  
Sezin Asik Akman ◽  
Sumer Sutcuoglu ◽  
Berna Atabay ◽  
Meral Turker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Megaloblastic Anemia ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Failure To Thrive ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Hematological Evaluation ◽  
Nutritional Vitamin

Aim: Nutritional vitamin B12 deficiency in infants may occur because the maternal diet contains inadequate animal products. Clinical presentations of the infants who had nutritional vitamin B12 deficiency were analyzed in this study. Subjects and Methods: Patients with nutritional vitamin B12 deficiency were enrolled in the study between 2003 and 2010. The diagnosis was based on a nutritional history of mothers and infants, clinical findings, hematological evaluation, and low level of serum vitamin B12. Results: Thirty children aged 1 - 21 months constituted the study group. Poverty was the main cause of inadequate consumption of animal products of the mothers. All infants had predominantly breastfed. The most common symptoms were developmental delay, paleness, apathy, lethargy, anorexia, and failure to thrive. Hematological findings were megaloblastic anemia (83.3 %), thrombocytopenia (30 %), and severe anemia (13.3 %). All of the mothers had low serum B12 levels; eight of them had megaloblastic anemia. Conclusion: The unusual clinical manifestations of vitamin B12 deficiency may also be seen apart from neurological and hematological findings. Nutritional vitamin B12 deficiency due to maternal deficiency might be a serious health problem in infants. Therefore, screening and supplementation of pregnant and lactating women to prevent infantile vitamin B12 deficiency should be considered.

Scabies: A Neglected Global Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander K.C. Leung ◽  
Joseph M. Lam ◽  
Kin F. Leong
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Search Term ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Intense Pruritus ◽  
Meta Analyses

Background: Scabies is a skin disease caused by an obligate human parasite mite Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis. Children under the age of two and elderly individuals are at the greatest risk. Knowledge of this condition is important for an early diagnosis to be made and treatment to be initiated. Objective: The review aimed to familiarize physicians with the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, evaluation, and management of scabies. Methods: A search was conducted using Pubmed with the built-in "Clinical Queries" tool. The search term "Scabies" was used. The categories of "epidemiology", "diagnosis", "therapy", "prevention" and "prognosis" had a limited scope for primary clinical studies. Meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, observational studies, and reviews were included. Only papers published in the English language were included. A descriptive, narrative synthesis was provided of the retrieved articles. Results: Worldwide, scabies affects 200 to 300 million individuals annually. The average prevalence is estimated to be 5 to 10% in children of developing countries. Transmission usually occurs after close prolonged skin-to-skin contact. Classic scabies is characterized by an erythematous papular eruption, serpiginous burrows, and intense pruritus. Sites of predilection include the webs of the fingers, volar wrists, lateral aspects of fingers, extensor surfaces of elbows and knees, waist, navel, abdomen, buttocks, groins, and, genitals. A clinical diagnosis of classic scabies can be made on the basis of the history and clinical findings. Other clinical variants include crusted scabies, nodular scabies, and bullous scabies. Finding the mite, ova, or fecal pellets on microscopic examination of scrapings taken from skin lesions confirms the diagnosis of scabies infestation. For eradication of scabies mites, the drugs of choice are topical permethrin and oral ivermectin. Conclusion: Scabies is a highly contagious parasitic cutaneous disease that is stigmatising and debilitating. Increased awareness, accurate diagnosis, and prompt treatment are essential for the effective control of scabies and for the prevention of the spread of the disease.

scholarly journals 369. Clinical Characteristics of the First 177 Patients Admitted with COVID-19 at a Bronx Community Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S254-S254
Author(s):  
Victoria Bengualid ◽  
Maria Martinez ◽  
Zhenisa Hysenaj ◽  
Debra M Willner ◽  
Judith Berger
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Altered Mental Status ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
First Case ◽  
Overall Mortality

Abstract Background The first case of COVID-19 was admitted on March 15th 2020 to our community based hospital in the Bronx, NY. The aim of this study is to describe the clinical characteristics and outcome of these first COVID-19 patients. Patient Characteristics and Outcome Methods IRB approved retrospective chart review study of all COVID-19 patients admitted during March 2020 focusing on patient characteristics, co-morbidities, clinical manifestations and outcome. Results A total of 177 patients were admitted during March 2020: 57% African American 23.1% Hispanic and 16.9% White. 44.9% female, average age 60 years, and 90% had at least one comorbidity. Outcome was available on all patients except for one who was transferred to another institution for ECMO. Overall mortality was 33%. Clinical presentation: 69.4% presented with cough or shortness of breath, 15.8% with diarrhea, nausea, vomiting or abdominal pain, and 14.6% with myalgia, dizziness or altered mental status. 6.2% presented only with fever. However 59.8% of patients presented with fever and respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms. Mortality The table compares patients who died vs discharged (either home or to a short term facility). Those that were 65 years or older, hypertensive or presented to the ER with an oxygen saturation of 94% or lower, were more likely to die. Ventilated patients: 31.6% of patients were intubated with a mortality rate of 77%. 22% of these patients were intubated in the first 24 hours. Compared to non-intubated patients, there was no difference in BMI, diabetes, hypertension, COPD/Asthma, use of statins, aspirin or calcium channel blockers. Intubated patients older than 64 years had significantly higher mortality rates (p=0.0001). Conclusion This cohort of COVID-19 patients is unique as almost all received Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin. Only 9% received steroids and even fewer received an interleukin-6 inhibitor, convalescent plasma or Remdesivir. African Americans and Hispanics accounted for 80% of patients. Greater than 90% received Medicaid. Overall mortality was 33%. The most common presentation was respiratory followed by gastrointestinal symptoms. The overall mortality was 33% but increased to 77% in intubated patients. Age, hypertension, and ER oxygen saturation correlated with mortality. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Prospective cohort study of mortality in very low birthweight infants in a single centre in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e000918
Author(s):  
Isabel A Michaelis ◽  
Ingeborg Krägeloh-Mann ◽  
Ncomeka Manyisane ◽  
Mikateko C Mazinu ◽  
Esme R Jordaan
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Eastern Cape Province ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Overall Mortality

BackgroundNeonatal mortality is a major contributor worldwide to the number of deaths in children under 5 years of age. The primary objective of this study was to assess the overall mortality rate of babies with a birth weight equal or below 1500 g in a neonatal unit at a tertiary hospital in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Furthermore, different maternal-related and infant-related factors for higher mortality were analysed.MethodsThis is a prospective cohort study which included infants admitted to the neonatal wards of the hospital within their first 24 hours of life and with a birth weight equal to or below 1500 g. Mothers who consented answered a questionnaire to identify factors for mortality.Results173 very low birth weight (VLBW) infants were recruited in the neonatal department between November 2017 and December 2018, of whom 55 died (overall mortality rate 32.0%). Twenty-three of the 44 infants (53,5%) with a birth weight below 1000 g died during the admission. One hundred and sixty-one mothers completed the questionnaire and 45 of their babies died.Main factors associated with mortality were lower gestational age and lower birth weight. Need for ventilator support and sepsis were associated with higher mortality, as were maternal factors such as HIV infection and age below 20 years.ConclusionThis prospective study looked at survival of VLBW babies in an underprivileged part of the Eastern Cape of South Africa. Compared with other public urban hospitals in the country, the survival rate remains unacceptably low. Further research is required to find the associated causes and appropriate ways to address these.

Laparotomy for Abdominal Stab Wound With Combined Omental and Organ Evisceration: 10-Year Experience From a Major Trauma Centre in South Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 000313482110318
Author(s):  
Victor Kong ◽  
Cynthia Cheung ◽  
Nigel Rajaretnam ◽  
Rohit Sarvepalli ◽  
William Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Large Bowel ◽  
Major Trauma ◽  
Stab Wound ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Trauma Centre ◽  
Major Trauma Centre ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Overall Mortality

Introduction Combined omental and organ evisceration following anterior abdominal stab wound (SW) is uncommon and there is a paucity of literature describing the management and spectrum of injuries encountered at laparotomy. Methods A retrospective study was undertaken on all patients who presented with anterior abdominal SW involving combined omental and organ evisceration who underwent laparotomy over a 10-year period from January 2008 to January 2018 at a major trauma centre in South Africa. Results A total of 61 patients were eligible for inclusion and all underwent laparotomy: 87% male, mean age: 29 years. Ninety-two percent (56/61) had a positive laparotomy whilst 8% (5/61) underwent a negative procedure. Of the 56 positive laparotomies, 91% (51/56) were considered therapeutic and 9% (5/56) were non-therapeutic. In addition to omental evisceration, 59% (36/61) had eviscerated small bowel, 28% (17/61) had eviscerated colon and 13% (8/61) had eviscerated stomach. A total of 92 organ injuries were identified. The most commonly injured organs were small bowel, large bowel and stomach. The overall complication rate was 11%. Twelve percent (7/61) required intensive care unit admission. The mean length of hospital stay was 9 days. The overall mortality rate for all 61 patients was 2%. Conclusions The presence of combined omental and organ evisceration following abdominal SW mandates laparotomy. The small bowel, large bowel and stomach were the most commonly injured organs in this setting.

scholarly journals An intraoral device for weight loss: initial clinical findings

BDJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Brunton ◽  
Jithendra Ratnayake ◽  
H. Jonathan Bodansky ◽  
Li Mei ◽  
Arthi Veerasamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Intraoral Device
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