scholarly journals Manganese, nickel and strontium bioaccumulation in the tissues of the African sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus from the Olifants River, Kruger National Park

Koedoe ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annemarie Avenant-Oldewage ◽  
Hazel Marx
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
The Other ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Bioconcentration Factors ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Olifants River ◽  
African Sharptooth Catfish

The gills, liver, muscle and skin were collected from Clarias gariepinus, during four surveys (February, May, June and November) in 1994 from two sites on the Olifants River in the Kruger National Park. With the use of atomic absorption spectrophotometry, metal concentrations of manganese, nickel and strontium bioaccumulated in these tissues were determined. This information was then used to differentiate between the concentrations found at the two locations and between the four survey periods. The con- centration of the metals were found to be highest in the gills, followed by the liver. This suggests the gills to be the primary uptake tissue for these metals following their intimate blood-water contact. The concentration of manganese and strontium, with particular reference to the gills, showed highest bioaccumulation at Mamba. Very little differences in the nickel concentrations were found at both Mamba and Balule. Water bioconcentration factors for manganese and nickel were much higher than that noted for sediment, suggesting a much lower bioavailability of these metals from the sediment. On the other hand, sediment bioconcentration factors for strontium were generally higher than that for water, which could imply higher bioavailability and concentration from the sediment.

scholarly journals A further investigation into the bioaccumulation of lead and zinc in the organs and tissues of the African sharptooth catfish, Glorias gariepinus from two localities in the Olifants River, Kruger National Park

Koedoe ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
H.M. Marx ◽  
A. Avenant-Oldewage
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Major Route ◽  
Olifants River ◽  
African Sharptooth Catfish ◽  
One Year

The bioaccumulation of lead and zinc in the gills, liver, muscle and skin of Glorias gariepinus from two locations, Mamba and Balule, on the Olifants River within the Kruger National Park is reported here. Over a one year period (1994), four surveys (February, May, July and November) were undertaken. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used to determine the concentrations of both metals in the tissues. The gills were the major route of uptake, with the liver accumulating high lead and zinc concentrations. The concentration of metals in the fish found at Mamba and Balule were found to be significantly different from each other. However, it could not be established at which location the greatest amount of bioaccumulation had taken place. The influences of temperature, alkalinity, salinity and pH on metal toxicity, bioavailability and bioaccumulation rates are discussed in detail. It is imperative that pollution levels in the Olifants River and its effect on fish is continually monitored and captured, so as to main- tain and conserve this river and the biota dependant on it.

scholarly journals Bio-accumulation of selected metals in African sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus from the lower Olifants River, Mpumalanga, South Africa

Koedoe ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H.H. Du Preez ◽  
M. Van der Merwe ◽  
J.H.J. Van Vuren
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Diffuse Sources ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Olifants River ◽  
African Sharptooth Catfish ◽  
Kidney Liver

The level of metal (Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) bio- accumulation in tissues (muscle, gill, kidney, liver and gonads) and bile of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus, from the lower Olifants River was investigated. These metals were detected in all the tissues as well as in the bile, with the highest concentration found in either the gills, liver or gonadal tissue. The lowest concentration was usually detected in the muscle tissue. Although statistic comparisons revealed no significant differences between the localities, fish from the Selati River (Locality 1) generally had higher metal levels than fish from the localities along the Olifants River inside the Kruger National Park. The higher levels in the fish from the Selati River may be attributed to anthropogenic activities resulting in point and/or diffuse sources of metal pollution. These sources should be identified and reduced.

scholarly journals The contemporary geomorphology of the Letaba River in the Kruger National Park

Koedoe ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B.P. Moon ◽  
G.L. Heritage
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Flow Regime ◽  
Field Observation ◽  
National Park ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
The Other ◽  
Northern Province ◽  
Sediment Delivery ◽  
North East ◽  
Olifants River

The Letaba River drains part of Northern Province in north-east South Africa. Its catchment has been modified significantly by human activity which has affected the flow regime; it experiences only ephemeral flows through the Kruger National Park to its confluence with the Olifants River. Although the Letaba is similar to the other rivers in the Kruger National Park in that it displays some bedrock influenced channel features, increased sediment delivery from the degraded catchment upstream has resulted in extensive alluviation within the channel. Sections of channel flowing over bedrock with no sediment covering are rare, and the river comprises a series of channel types: mixed anastomosing, alluvial braided, mixed pool-rapid and alluvial single thread. Each is characterised by a different combination of morphological units which relate to the degree of alluviation in the channel. These channel types are described in detail and inferences are made concerning their formation and maintenance from field observation and measurement.

scholarly journals Prevalence of pansteatitis in African sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell), in the Kruger National Park, South Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. David A. Huchzermeyer
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Fish Diet ◽  
Olifants River

Pansteatitis was confirmed in sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell), from three main locations within the Kruger National Park (KNP); the Olifants River Gorge, Engelhard Dam on the Letaba River and from the Sabie River in the Sabiepoort. An increasing prevalence of pansteatitis was observed in catfish during repeated samplings from the Olifants Gorge from 2009 to 2011 and co-existence of old and recent lesions indicated on-going incitement of pansteatitis. Only a low prevalence of pansteatitis was observed in catfish sampled from the Olifants River upstream of the Gorge in the KNP and no pansteatitis was observed in catfish sampled from a rain-filled dam not connected to the Olifants River. Common to both the Olifants Gorge and the Sabiepoort is the damming of the rivers in Mozambique to form lakes Massingir and Corumana respectively. Anthropogenic activities resulting in potential pollution of the rivers differ greatly between these two catchments, providing argument against a primary pollution-related aetiology of the pansteatitis found at these two sites. Compared with other sites, analysis of stomach contents of catfish from the Olifants Gorge and the Sabiepoort strongly suggested that consumption of a predominantly fish diet was associated with the development of pansteatitis in these fish. In a farmed population of catfish used as positive control, development of pansteatitis could be ascribed to consumption of rancid fish waste from a trout slaughterhouse. In the Olifants Gorge, alien invasive silver carp, Hypophthalmychthys molitrix (Valenciennes), seasonally migrate upstream out of Lake Massingir to spawn. This schooling species is an obligate phytoplankton feeder with consequent high levels of adipose tissue n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. In the Olifants Gorge, at least, this may explain seasonal exposure to levels of polyunsaturated fats in the diets of catfish and crocodiles to which these animals are not adapted. The possible roles of diet, membrane lipid composition and metabolic rate of fish, sediment pollution and seasonal drop in environmental temperature in the pathogenesis of pansteatitis in the catfish are discussed. Further studies are needed to verify some of these speculations.

scholarly journals A new species of Tomopterna (Anura: Ranidae) from the Kruger National Park, with notes on related species

Koedoe ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N. I. Passmore ◽  
V. C. Carruthers
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
The Other ◽  
Defence Mechanisms ◽  
Calling Behaviour ◽  
Mating Call ◽  
Mating Calls ◽  
New Form ◽  
A New Species

A new species of Tomoptema, T. krugerensis, sp. n., has been recorded from the Kruger National Park, Republic of South Africa.Morphologically it is very similar to T. delalandei cryptotis (Boulenger) but the mating call is markedly different from that of the other members of the genus and this is coupled with small but consistent morphological differences.T. krugerensis sp. n. is known to occur only on a portion of the western fringe of the vast sandveld areas of Mozambique, but possibly has a much wider distribution. Mating call, calling behaviour, eggs, early development and defence mechanisms are described. The affinities of the new form are discussed and the mating calls of other members of the genus are reviewed. Mating call is again shown to be a sensitive non-morphological taxonomic tool.

scholarly journals The implementation of an aquatic toxicity index as a water quality monitoring tool in the Olifants River (Kruger National Park)

Koedoe ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Wepener ◽  
J.H.J. Van Vuren ◽  
H.H. Du Preez
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
National Park ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Aquatic Toxicity ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Toxicity Index ◽  
Olifants River

Large sets of water quality data can leave water quality managers and decision-makers totally overwhelmed. In order to convey the interpretation of the data in a simplified and understandable manner, the water quality results from bi-monthly surveys undertaken at seven different sampling sites in the Letaba, Olifants, and Selati rivers over a two year period (February 1990 to April 1992) were reduced to index values, using a water quality index. The water quality index (Aquatic Toxicity Index or ATI) revealed spatial and temporal trends. The higher index values, recorded for the sampling sites towards the eastern part of the Kruger National Park (KNP), revealed that the water quality was better than the quality measured in the Olifants River on the western bound-ary. The lowest index values were calculated for the Selati River, with index values consistently below 50. Index values indicate that the water quality in the Selati River was unsuitable for supporting normal physiological processes in fish. The water quality of the Selati River had an immediate impact on the water quality of the Olifants River directly below the confluence. Lower index values recorded at sites further downstream was also attributed to the influence of the Selati River since there are no known point sources of contaminants within the boundaries of the KNP. The index scores also elucidated temporal trends with lower scores evident during winter months. This was due to reduced flow in the Olifants River and a greater contribution of contaminated water from the Selati River. Index values increased following the first seasonal rains due to a dilution effect. Very low index values were recorded at certain sites during flood periods due to increased turbidity, reduced oxygen, and increased metal concentrations.

Spectrophotometric investigation of sensitive complexing agents for the determination of zinc in serum.

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 1310-1313 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Homsher ◽  
B Zak
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metal ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complexing Agents ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry

Abstract Of two sensitive complexometric reagents for the colorimetry of serum zinc that we investigated, one, 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol (Br-PADAP), was found to be a potentially useful compound for trace-metal determinations. It has a high molar absorptivity (120 000 L mol-1 cm-1) but is not convenient to use because it is not very soluble in water. The other reagent, a related pyridylazo compound, is 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-(N-n-propyl-N-3-sulfopropylamino)phenol (5-BR-PAPS). It seems better suited for use in routine zinc determinations because, besides being water soluble, it has a higher molar absorptivity, 130 000 L mol-1 cm-1. Results by the proposed method developed with 5-Br-PAPS correlated well with those by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The between-run CV for control sera was less than 5%; the within-run CV (same controls) was less than 4%.

Redescription of Lamproglena Clariae Fryer, 1956 (Copepoda, Lernaeidae), With Notes On Its Occurrence and Distribution

Crustaceana ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Avenant-Oldewage ◽  
Hazel M. Marx
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
National Park ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Gill Parasite ◽  
Morphological Findings ◽  
Olifants River ◽  
First Time ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractThe morphology of the gill parasite Lamproglena clariae Fryer, 1956, from the Olifants River, Kruger National Park, South Africa, was studied with the aid of light and scanning electron microscopy. Ultrastructural details of all appendages are given as well as a table and map with information on the occurrence and distribution of L. clariae in Africa. Important morphological findings include: the observation of only one claw on the maxilla; first time findings and descriptions of the nuchal organ, upper and lower lips, the fifth pair of legs and circular openings on all appendages.

Leaching of Pewterware by Organic Acids

1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1408-1413
Author(s):  
John H Gould
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Tartaric Acid ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Leach Solution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Acid Leach ◽  
Mineral Acids ◽  
Tartaric Acid Solution

Abstract Three pewter goblets were repeatedly leached by acetic, citric, lactic, malonic, and tartaric acid solutions. The leach solutions were periodically analyzed for Pb, Cd, Cu, Bi, Sb, and Sn by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Analysis of the leach solutions showed that, without the addition of nitric or perchloric acid to the acetic and malonic acid leach solutions, Pb precipitated from the solutions on standing. Addition of the mineral acids redissolved the precipitate. Pb, Cd, and Bi were found in higher concentrations in the leach solution than in the metal; Cu and Sb were less concentrated in the leach, while the amount of Sn was approximately equal in both. Tartaric acid solution dissolved about 9 times as much metal from the pewter as the other organic acids but removed less Pb than acetic or malonic acids. None of these samples tested exceeded the Food and Drug Administration standards for Pb or Cd release.

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