Kajian Predasi Catfish terhadap Larva Nyamuk Aedes aegypti Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Penyebaran Demam Berdarah Dengue

Aedes aegypti acts as a primary vector of the dengue virus which causes Indonesia to become a dengue-endemic country. Chemical and physical vector control methods to prevent the spread of DHF are considered less effective so that additional biological vector control is needed. The purpose of this paper is to examine the potential ability of catfish predation as Ae. aegypti vector controller. This paper was prepared by reviewing eight Indonesian research journals, eight international research journals, reports and regulations of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, the website of the World Health Organization (WHO), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the University of Florida Entomology and Nematology, and one textbook. The results showed that the predation ability of African sharptooth catfish (Clarias garipenus) was 80.3% greater on average than Cyprinus carpio, Ctenopharyngodon idella, and Oreochromis niloticus as well as the predation ability of Walking catfish (Clarias batrachus) with an average of 79.6%. larger than Anabas testudineus, Oreochromis niloticus, and Poecilia reticulata. Further experimental research to deepen scientific information on the predation ability of various catfish species against Ae. aegypti mosquito larvae are still needed. Cooperation between fields and communities is also needed to prevent the spread of dengue disease properly. Mosquito larvae eating fish belonging to catfish species, namely African sharptooth catfish (Clarias garipenus) and walking catfish (Clarias batrachus) have the potential to be a new biological vector controller because they have very high predation power compared to other mosquito larvae eating fish.

A short review on adverse effect of eating african sharptooth catfish (clarias gariepinus)

Despite government orders to close farms and kill stocks for fear that the fish could endanger the local faune, Indian seafood farmers continue to breed catfish. Records reveal that many farmers in small villages also harvest small fish called Clarius garipinus. Without official approval, the fish were brought to the country. After hearing concerns that the fish were a danger to indigenous ecosystems, the government first implemented the ban in 2000. Other complaints say that farmers use chicken waste as foodstuffs and pollute the water supply. The government and the high court ordered all stocks to be demolished and farms to be closed.

ADAPTIVE CHANGES IN THE BLOOD PICTURE OF SHARPTOOTH CATFISH IN CASE OF TRECRESAN APPLICATION WHEN BREEDING IN ARTIFICIAL ENVIRONMENT

The work is devoted to the study of trecresan adaptogen effect on hematological parameters of sharptooth catfish bred in an artificial environment. In particular, the effect of trecresan on general hematological parameters and antioxidant system of African sharptooth catfish was assessed, since breeding in an artificial environment is accompanied by stress, in which oxidative processes increase, leading to damage of biological membranes and disruption of cell functioning. Blood samples were analyzed using an Axio Imager.M2 microscope (Carl Zeiss, Germany). The analysis of enzymatic activity (units / mg of protein) was carried out on a UV-1800 double-beam spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, Japan). The obtained results indicate that in case of trecresan adaptogen application, there was a tendency to a proportion increase of monocytes, platelets and stab neutrophils. There is an increase of the total amount of intracel- lular hemoglobin, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity in erythrocytes and in the blood of fish bred with application of trecresan adaptogen. Trecresan induces production of interferons, increases the body immune status, activating cellular and humoral immunity, leads to a decrease of toxic products formed during lipid peroxidation by increasing the activity of enzyme unit in the antioxidant system and ensures antioxidant defense improvement of sharptooth catfish bred in an artificial environment. It strengthens the body immune system and increases resistance to adverse environmental factors. In our studies, trecresan revealed itself as a mild, effective immunomodulator.

ADAPTIVE RESPONSE OF STOMACH TISSUES OF AFRICAN CATFISH TO MICROBIOTA WITH PROBIOTIC PROPERTIES

The article presents specific features of adaptive response of stomach tissues of African sharptooth catfish bred in artificial environment with application of “Sporothermin” probiotic. Probiotics influence metabolism of the host organism due to their participation in digestion processes, they also promote synthesis of proteins and increase the degree of absorption. The microorganisms that compose the probiotic contribute to better assimilation of incoming nutrients into the fish organism, they synthesize biologically active substances due to their fermentation activity. Histological slides were analyzed and documented applying a universal microscope Axio Imager.M2. Differences were found in structural features of the stomach of fish bred with application of “Sporothermin” probiotic and without it. Thus, fish that did not receive the probiotic had edema of the stomach inner muscular layer, epithelial layer detachment from the gastric mucosa and disorder of structural organization of the gastric fields. These changes were not observed in fish bred with application of “Sporothermine” probiotic. The conducted studies indicate the prospects of using the microbiota with probiotic properties when breeding Clarias gariepinus in an artificial environment. The spore forms of bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis), which are part of the probiotic “Sporothermin”, contribute to improvement of microbiocenosis of fish gastrointestinal tract, triggering a mechanism that stimulates a complex of adaptive reactions in stomach tissues of Clarias gariepinus. At the same time, conditionally pathogenic and pathogenic microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract is suppressed, ensuring effective digestion and increasing the degree of nutrient absorption. As a result, the productivity of the fish stock increases and the costs of breeding it in an artificial environment are reduced.

Effect of feed additive "Ceobalyk" on the biological and microbiological parameters of African sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

Aim: This study aimed to analyze biological and microbiological parameters of Clarias gariepinus bred at Chundzha natural hot spring in the Almaty region of Kazakhstan, a new feed additive, namely, the prebiotic "Ceobalyk." Materials and Methods: Two groups (50 heads each) of fish of the same age were established and kept in specialized rectangular pools of AsylTasEngineering LLP. The experiment lasted 61 days. We used the feed additive "Ceobalyk", developed based on natural minerals. Feed additive was added to the feed of the experimental group of fish in an amount of 10% per 1 kg of the main diet. Laboratory studies were conducted at the laboratories of the Kazakhstan-Japan Innovation Center. The quality of the fish was studied in accordance with the standards of the Republic of Kazakhstan and interstate standards. Results: In biological and microbiological studies of all samples of African sharptooth catfish, which received a new type of feed additive "Ceobalyk", the pH values of fish meat in the experimental groups were normal and varied in the range from 6.5 to 6.7. When setting up the reaction with copper sulfate, the reaction was positive. During bacterioscopy, there was a noticeable decrease in the number of microbes (2-3 bacteria less) in comparison with the control. An increase in the indices of the absolute body length and body width was observed by the end of the study. The body length in the experimental group was significantly greater (by 2.12% on average) than that in the control group. In the experimental variant, the average weight of fish was 21.8% higher. As a result of organoleptic studies, it was revealed that the musculature of the fish of the experimental groups was dense and elastic; when pressed on the skin with a finger, a fossa did not remain; the smell was specific, fresh. When tested by cooking, the broth was transparent and aromatic. Conclusion: This feed additive "Ceobalyk" does not cause deviations in the physiological status of fish and can be used as part of the main diet.