scholarly journals Experiments on the elasticity of the vocal cords

1973 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Damsté ◽  
G. H. Wieneke
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Cord ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Vocal Cords ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Vocal Pitch ◽  
Female Voices ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Limited Accuracy

Regulation of vocal pitch occurs by changes in the length and tension of the vocal folds. Because the Young's modulus of the vocal cord ligament could be a factor which determines the difference between male and female voices, this was made an object of research. No differences could be shown. Some of the problems and the limited accuracy of these experiments are reviewed.

Transverse Young's Moduli and Cell Shapes in Coniferous Early Wood

Holzforschung ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ugai Watanabe ◽  
Minoru Fujita ◽  
Misato Norimoto
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Cell Models ◽  
Young’S Moduli ◽  
Cell Shapes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Square Cells ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
The Relationship

Summary The relationship between transverse Young's moduli and cell shapes in coniferous early wood was investigated using cell models constructed by two dimensional power spectrum analysis. The calculated values of tangential Young's modulus qualitatively explained the relationship between experimental values and density as well as the difference in experimental values among species. The calculated values of radial Young's modulus for the species having hexagonal cells agreed well with the experimental values, whereas, for the species having square cells, the calculated values were much larger than the experimental values. This result was ascribed to the fact that the bending moment on the radial cell wall of square cell models was calculated to be small. It is suggested that the asymmetrical shape of real wood cells or the behavior of nodes during ell deformation is an important factor in the mechanism of linear elastic deformation of wood cells.

Comparison of results obtained by static 3- and 4-point bending and flexural vibration tests on solid wood, MDF, and 5-plywood

Holzforschung ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 941-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Yoshihara
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Medium Density Fiberboard ◽  
Flexural Vibration ◽  
Solid Wood ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Four Point Bending ◽  
Flexural Vibration Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Vibration Tests

Abstract The flexural Young’s modulus of western hemlock, medium-density fiberboard, and 5-plywood (made of lauan) has been determined by conducting three- and four-point bending tests with various span lengths and by flexural vibration test. The Young’s modulus was significantly influenced by the deflection measurement method. In particular, the Young’s modulus was not reliable based on the difference between the deflections at two specific points in the specimen, although this test is standardized according to ISO 3349-1975 and JIS Z2101-2009.

High Temperature Mechanical Properties of Ni-YSZ Cermets for SOFC Anode

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumitada Iguchi ◽  
Hiromichi Kitahara ◽  
Hiroo Yugami
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Strain Diagram ◽  
Thermal Cycles ◽  
High Temperature Mechanical Properties ◽  
Sofc Anode ◽  
The Difference

The mechanical properties of Ni-YSZ cermets at high temperature in reduction atmosphere were evaluated by the four points bending method. We studied the influences of reduction and thermal cycles, i.e. a cycle from R.T. to 800°C, to flexural strength and Young’s modulus. The flexural strength of Ni-YSZ at room temperature was lower than that of NiO-YSZ by about 10 to 20% mainly caused by the increment of porosity. But, the flexural strength of Ni-YSZ at 800°C was drastically decreased by an half of that at R.T. In addition, the stress–strain diagram of Ni-YSZ at 800°C indicated that it showed weak ductility. The maximum observed strain was over 0.5% at 30MPa. On the contrary, NiO-YSZ showed only brittlely at 800°C. The difference was caused by Ni metal in the Ni-YSZ cermets. Therefore, it was expected that Ni-YSZ is easily deformed in operation, though residual stress between an anode and an electrolyte was low. The influence of thermal cycles to flexural strength and Young’s modulus was not observed clearly. At the same time, the differences of microstructure were not observed. Therefore, it was concluded that the cycle does not change mechanical properties significantly.

Estimation of In Vivo Bone Strength Using Ultrasound Signals

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (08n09) ◽  
pp. 1381-1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumio Nogata ◽  
Akira Shimamoto ◽  
Toshihiko Habu
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Bone Strength ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Area Fraction ◽  
Bone Area ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ultrasound Inspection

A new method for estimating in vivo bone strength using ultrasound inspection is described, which can allow diagnose of osteoporosis from the viewpoint of mechanical integrity. The method was based on the two-dimensional area fraction of bone calculated from the difference in the speed of ultrasound propagation through cancellous bone. Then bulk Young's modulus was calculated for various architectures of the cancellous bone with the bone area fraction (S) using finite element method. Since there was a good relationship between the BMD (bone mineral density) by DXA (dual energy x-ray absorptiometry) method and the bone area fraction by ultrasound inspection, the technique also allows the estimation of in vivo BMD of the spine, which has been traditionally used at medical area to diagnose osteoporosis. Note that the periodic estimation of the bulk Young's modulus and strength applying the technique is effective to predict the fracture risk for in vivo bone.

Mechanical Characterization of Hepatoma Cells Using Atomic Force Microscope

2011 ◽  
Vol 694 ◽  
pp. 869-873
Author(s):  
Jing He Wang ◽  
Miao Yu ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Jie Zhao ◽  
Hong Xiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Hepatoma Cell ◽  
Hepatoma Cells ◽  
Peripheral Region ◽  
Hertz Model ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
The Difference

In order to reveal variation of mechanical properties of hepatoma cells with nanometer resolution, atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based nanoindentation experiments are performed on hepatoma cell to derive Young’s modulus employing a corrected Hertz model. Under load conditions of nanoindentation force as 0.43809-0.73015nN and penetration rate as 0.4 Hz, the calculated value of Young’s modulus of hepatoma cells is 34.137±0.67kPa with a 95% confidence interval. The results demonstrate the Young’s modulus varies with the measurement position, and the center of cell possesses lower value than peripheral region. Variation of Young’s modulus is resulted from external reaction, which supports well the theory of cytoskeleton structure. Furthermore, the difference of Young’s modulus between normal cells and cancerous ones are also discussed, and it will provide possibility of a new route for early diagnosis of hepatoma.

scholarly journals Influence of Material on Wheelchair Vibrations

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Takeshi Waga ◽  
Soichiro Ura ◽  
Masahito Nagamori ◽  
Hisashi Uchiyama ◽  
Akira Shionoya
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Vibration Frequency ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Wheelchair Sports ◽  
The Difference

Wheelchair sports have a tendency to depend on the performance of wheelchairs, and the weight reduction of wheelchairs made of various alloys has helped improve the performance of players. Some players have mentioned, however, that the operability and riding comfort of competition wheelchair have been affected by changing the wheelchair materials; stiffness and weight are considered to be related to operability and riding comfort. In this experiment, we installed some weights on the center of the mass of a competitive wheelchair made of magnesium alloy to be the same mass of a wheelchair made of aluminum alloy; vibrations that occurred on both wheelchairs while driving were measured and compared. The experiment was performed using 3-axis sensors. This experiment showed that the vibration frequency of the wheelchair made of magnesium alloy was different from that made of aluminum alloy. This result was thought to be influenced by the difference in Young’s modulus or the specific weight.

Measurement of Young's Modulus in the in Vivo Human Vocal Folds

1993 ◽  
Vol 102 (8) ◽  
pp. 584-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quang T. Tran ◽  
Bruce R. Gerratt ◽  
Gerald S. Berke ◽  
Jody Kreiman
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
New Device ◽  
Vocal Fold Vibration

Currently, surgeons have no objective means to evaluate and optimize results of phonosurgery intraoperatively. Instead, they usually judge the vocal folds subjectively by visual inspection or by listening to the voice. This paper describes a new device that measures Young's (elastic) modulus values for the human vocal fold intraoperatively. Physiologically, the modulus of the vocal fold may be important in determining the nature of vocal fold vibration in normal and pathologic states. This study also reports the effect of recurrent laryngeal nerve stimulation on Young's modulus of the human vocal folds, measured by means of transcutaneous nerve stimulation techniques. Young's modulus increased with increases in current stimulation to the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Ultimately, Young's modulus values may assist surgeons in optimizing the results of various phonosurgeries.

scholarly journals Mechanical Researches on Young's Modulus of SCS Nanostructures

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinhua Jin ◽  
Tie Li ◽  
Ping Zhou ◽  
Yuelin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Surface Effect ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Resonance Test ◽  
Experimental Errors ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Experimental Researches

Nanostructures of SingleCrystalSilicon (SCS) with superior electrical, mechanical, thermal, and optical properties are emerging in the development of novel nanodevices. Mechanical properties especially Young's modulus are essential in developing and utilizing such nanodevices. In this paper, experimental researches including bending tests, resonance tests, and tensile tests on Young' s modulus of nanoscaled SCS are reviewed, and their results are compared. It was found that the values ofEmeasured by different testing methods cannot match to each other. As the differences cannot be explained as experimental errors, it should be understood by taking surface effect into account. With a simplified model, we qualitatively explained the difference inEvalue measured by tensile test and by resonance test for Si nanobeams.

scholarly journals Measurement of Young's Modulus of Vocal Folds by Indentation

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh K. Chhetri ◽  
Zhaoyan Zhang ◽  
Juergen Neubauer
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Vocal Folds
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